Introduction to Semiconductors PDF

Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Dr: Engy El-shafeiy  INTRODUCTION to SEMICONDUCTORS Objectives Discuss basic structures of atoms Discuss properties of insulators, conductors, and semiconductors Discuss covalent bonding Describe the conductions in semiconductor...

Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence Dr: Engy El-shafeiy  INTRODUCTION to SEMICONDUCTORS Objectives Discuss basic structures of atoms Discuss properties of insulators, conductors, and semiconductors Discuss covalent bonding Describe the conductions in semiconductor Discuss N-type and P-type semiconductor LECTURE’S CONTENT 1.1 Atomic structure 1.2 Semiconductor, conductors and insulators 1.3 Covalent bonding 1.4 Conduction in semiconductors 1.5 N-type and P-type semiconductors WHY WE USE ELECTRONICS? Electronicsare easy to move/control - Easy to move/control electrons than real physical stuff 1.1 Atomic Structure  1.1 Atomic Structure Atomic number Basic structure Electron shells ATOM Valence electron Free electron Ionization  1.1 Atomic Structure (cont.)  smallest particle of an element contain 3 basic particles: ATOM Electrons (negative charge) Protons (positive charge) Nucleus (core of atom) Neutrons (uncharged) 1.1 Atomic Structure (cont.) Figure Bohr model of an atom  1.1 Atomic Structure (cont.)  Atomic Number - Element in periodic table are arranged according to atomic number - Atomic number = number of protons in nucleus  Electron Shells and Orbits - Electrons near the nucleus have less energy than those in more distant orbits. - Each distance (orbits) from the nucleus corresponding to a certain energy level. - In an atom, the orbits are group into energy bands – shells - Diff. in energy level within a shell