Female Reproductive System PDF - BSc Nursing

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PRESENTED BY MISS SONAL FACULTY DIVISION OFANATOMY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the class, one should be able to, Describe the gross anatomy of external genitalia Describe the gross anatomy of uter...

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM PRESENTED BY MISS SONAL FACULTY DIVISION OFANATOMY LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of the class, one should be able to, Describe the gross anatomy of external genitalia Describe the gross anatomy of uterus and vagina Describe the common disorders of female reproductive system External genitalia/ Pudendum/ Vulva: Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule of the vagina Greater vestibular glands (Bartholin’s gland) Female external genitalia  Pear- shaped(pyriform), hollow, muscular organ HYSTERA Average Measurements: ▪ 7.5cm in length ▪ 5cm in breadth ▪ 2.5 cm thickness  SITUATION AND POSITION: In the pelvic cavity Between urinary bladder and rectum A L R Sagittal section of female pelvis P PARTS OF UTERUS : “Normal site of implantation” ❖ TWO SURFACES : Isthmus 1) Anterior (vesical) 2) Posterior (intestinal) ❖ TWO LATERAL BORDERS Lateral border Rounded and convex  RELATIONS (POUCH OF DOUGLAS) Posterior fornix of Vagina Isthmus Lateral borders Broad ligament (peritoneal fold) ❖ Superolateral angle: ✓ Uterine tube (fallopian tube) opens ✓ Round ligament of uterus ✓ Ligament of ovary Uterine artery ascending between the 2 layers of broad ligament CERVIX 2.5cm long Supravaginal part UTERINE CAVITY Vaginal part Internal ostium (Os) CERVICAL CANAL(fusiform in shape) External ostium (Os) VAGINA VAGINA: Fornices of Vagina 1) ANTERIOR 2) POSTERIOR 3) TWO LATERAL LATERAL FORNIX Anterior wall: 8cm long POSTERIOR VAGINA FORNIX Posterior wall: 10cm long NORMAL A X I S OF THE UTERUS Anteverted and Anteflexed ❖ Why the angulation is important?  ROUND UTERO- LIGAMENT VESICAL FOLD PUBO- CERVICAL PELVIC/TRUE MACKENRODT’ BROAD PERITONAL RECTO- VAGINAL LIGAMENT LIGAMENTS S LIGAMENT LIGAMENT FOLDS FOLD RECTO- UTERO- SACRAL UTERINE LIGAMENT FOLDS  SUPPORTS OF THE UTERUS ❖ Uterus is a highly mobile organ. ❖ When the bladder is empty – anteversion and anteflexion. ❖ On gradual distension of bladder- lies in the same position with the vagina. ❖ On further distension – retroverted and retroflexed. 1)Mackenrodt’s ligament 2)Utero sacral ligament 3)Pubocervical ligament 4)Round ligament of uterus Levator ani – pubovaginalis puborectalis PERINEAL BODY  PRIMARY MUSCULAR / ACTIVE FIBROMUSCULAR / MECHANICAL ❑ Uterine axis ❑ Pelvic diaphragm ❑ Pubocervical ligament ❑ Perineal body ❑ Transverse ligament ❑ Urogenital ❑ Uterosacral ligament ❑ Round ligament diaphragm SECONDARY ❑ Broad ligament ❑ Utero-vesical fold ❑ Recto-vaginal fold WALL OF THE UTERUS PERIMETRIUM (PERITONEUM) MYOMETRIUM ENDOMETRIUM  BLOOD SUPPLY ARTERIAL SUPPLY VENOUS DRAINAGE Uterine artery Uterine vein Ovarian artery Ovarian vein  Prolapse of Uterus CAESAREAN (C-SECTION) DELIVERY HYSTERECTOMY ✓ Presence of endometrial like tissue outside the endometrial cavity of uterus. ✓ Pelvic organs and peritoneum are the most commonly affected sites.  Cervical carcinoma PAP (Papanicolaou) SMEAR Human pappilloma virus (HPV) APPLIED ANATOMY OF UTERINE TUBES: Tubectomy Ectopic Tubal Pregnancy  Hysterosalpingography ❖ Injecting a radio opaque dye into the uterus to visualize the uterine cavity and lumen of uterine tubes  APPLIED ANATOMY OF OVARIES:  Ovarian cysts  PCOS-Polycystic ovarian syndrome  Carcinoma of ovary  Chocolate cyst-endometrial cyst THANK YOU.......... Model questions: 1.Describe the uterus in detail with the clinical conditions related to it-7m 2. Describe the uterine tubes-3m 3. Describe the gross anatomy of ovary-3m/5m 4. Describe the breast in detail. Add a note on its blood supply and lymphatic drainage-7m 5. Mention the parts of uterine tubes-2m Etc…..