Reproductive System Nursing PDF

Reproductive system Dr. Salih Ahmed MBBS U of B MSc Human Anatomy National University 29-Oct-24 1 Introduction - Reproductive system is the system that produce gametes (sperm) and (ovum) to reproduce new organism. - It...

Reproductive system Dr. Salih Ahmed MBBS U of B MSc Human Anatomy National University 29-Oct-24 1 Introduction - Reproductive system is the system that produce gametes (sperm) and (ovum) to reproduce new organism. - It conse e the species and insure Continuity of the life. - It consist of reproductive organs specialized for production of gametes and sex hormones.  e Male Reproductive System Consist of External genital organs: - Testes and scrotum. - Penis. Internal genital organs: - Epididymis, - Vas deference, - Seminal vesicle Ejaculato duct, - Cowper gland (bulbourethral) - Prostate gland  e Male Reproductive System Figure 24.1 External genital organs: e scrotum (testes house) - Is skin surrounding the testis and provides an environment 3˚ cooler than body temperature to prevent degeneration of the spermatogonium (sperm producing cells). - It has special layer of muscle called Cremaster muscle which responsible from contraction (cold) and relaxation (hot) of scrotum. e Scrotum – Containing the Testis Figure 24.2 Testis e testis lies in the scrotum It produce the sperms and testosterone (the male sex hormone) which responsible for seconda sex characteristics. each testicle consist of 250-300 lobules each Lobules contain 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules. Develops retroperitoneally and descends into the scrotum retroperitoneally. e Testes Figure 24.3a  penis - Penis is the erectile organ deposit sperms in the vagina
has root, body and glans.
- erection (penis lled with blood become sti ).
- ejaculation ( ejection of sperms). - It Consists of three masses of vascular erectile tissue, these are the paired corpora cavernosa and the midline corpus spongiosum. glans penis covered by fore skin or skin of prepuce Circumcision is remove of the skin of prepuce for religious or treatment purposes.  Glans Corpora cavernosa penis Corpus Spongiosum Corpora cavernosa Corpus Spongiosum Internal genital organs: Epididymis: - Consists of a head, body, and tail, and contains a convoluted duct about 6 meter (20 feet) long. - Functions in the maturation and storage of spermatozoa in the head and body and propulsion of the spermatozoa into the ductus deferens. e Epididymis Figure 24.3a  e Vas Deferens: -Is a bromuscular duct begins in the tail of the epididymis and ends by joining the duct of the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculato duct. -45cm long transpo sperms from epididymis to the ejaculato duct.  e Vas Deferens Figure 24.1 e seminal vesicle

- Paired saccular glands lie on the posterior su ace of the urina bladder. - Secretes about 60-70% of the volume of semen (seminal uid). - Seminal Fluid contains: Fructose to nourish sperm. Other substances to assist in fe ilization.  Urina bladder Ductus Deferens Seminal Vessicle s Prostate gland Posterior view of urina prostate gland - lies juts below the urina bladder, - Encircles the prostatic urethra. - Secretes about 25% of seminal uid. - Contains substances that enhance sperm motility. prostatic tumor occur in 20% of males by 40 years old and 90% of men by 80 years old.  Prostate gland Coronal section Prostate gland Sagital section Bulbourethral glands - Bulbourethral glands gland lies inferior to the prostate gland. - Produce a mucus (5% of seminal uid). - Mucus enters spongy urethra before ejaculation cleanses urethra and neutralized vaginal acidic pH.  Urina bladder bulbourethra l glands Female reproductive system Internal organs: - uterus. - Fallopian tube. - Ova. - vagina. External organs: is called vulva which consist of - labia major - labia minor - clitoris - hymen  ova uterine tube uterus utcer bladde Clitoris m r Labia majora Vagina labia K. K ger pg. 168 minora Uterus - Muscular organ receive the fe ilized ovum and provide the suitable environment for development of the fetus.  e uterus has three pa s: 1- e fundus is the upper dome-shaped region. 2- e body is the central region. 3- Isthmus Is the constricted pa of the uterus located between the body and ce ix of the uterus. e uterus has three layers: 1- Epimetrium or perimetrium ( e outer layer). 2- Myometrium ( e muscular wall). 3- Endometrium (internal mucosal lining).  Uterus Fallopian Tube fundus body ce ix Ova Vagina Fallopian tube :


- e muscular tube that transpo the ovum from the ova to the uterine cavity.
- It is the site of fe ilization.
- has four pa s (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and
intrauterine pa ).
 Uterine Tubes Ampull ampulla coronal isthmus a section intramural infundibulum fundus ova Vagina K. K ger  e Ce ix Is the inferior narrow pa of the uterus that projects into the vagina and divides into the following regions: 1. Internal os: the junction of the ce ical canal with the uterine body. 2. Ce ical canal: the cavity of the ce ix between the internal and external ostia. 3. External os: the opening of the ce ical canal into the vagina  Uterus fundus body ce ix Internal os external os Ovaries
Are the female gonads. Two almond-shaped ovaries. Located on either side of the uterus in the pelvic cavity. Anchored by ligaments (ovarian and broad ligaments). produce the ovum and sex hormones estrogen
and Progesterone.
Ova Vagina e vagina, a musculomembranous tube (7-9 cm long). Extends between the vestibule and the ce ix of the uterus. Is located at the lower end of the bi h canal. Se es as the excreto channel for the products of menstruation; also se es to receive the penis during coitus. Opens into the vestibule and is pa ially closed by a membranous crescentic fold, the hymen. Vagina Ova Uterine tube Uterus Vaginal Canal Hymen
is pe orated membrane lies close external vaginal opening it rupture during rst sexual intercourse.
It is rupture usually followed by bleeding
it allow passage of menstrual blood “Normal” hymen is indicated by black ring. External genital organs Clitoris: is homologous to the penis it is erectile tissue. prepuce or fore skin cover most of the clitoris glans clitoris contain the ne e ending. Labia minor and labia major: Are fold of skin vestibule contain vaginal and urethral openings. Vestibule is the area surrounded by labia minor. Mons clitoris pubis Urethral Labia ori ce minora Labia vestibule mijora Vaginal Hymen ori ce