3rd Week Nursing Notes PDF

gelisimedu igugelisim Department of Nursing (ENG) Name of Course: WOMEN’S HEALTH AND DISEASES NURSING Name of Lecturer: N. Alper Şahbaz, MD gelisimedu igugelisim Course Information Course credit 8 Credit /9 ECTS GBS Linki h...

gelisimedu igugelisim Department of Nursing (ENG) Name of Course: WOMEN’S HEALTH AND DISEASES NURSING Name of Lecturer: N. Alper Şahbaz, MD gelisimedu igugelisim Course Information Course credit 8 Credit /9 ECTS GBS Linki https://gbs.gelisim.edu.tr/en/lesson-details-17-319-12715-2 Week Week 17 gelisimedu igugelisim What we are going to learn in this week?  Anatomy and physiology of male and female reproductive organs gelisimedu igugelisim Female Puberty On average, a female will start puberty around the age of 8. Puberty Event Age at which it happens Growth of breasts (thelarche) 13 years old Growth of pubic hair (adrenarche) 14 years old Body Growth 9 1/2-14 ½ years old First Menstruation (menarche) 10-16 ½ years old Underarm Hair (adrenarche) 2 years after pubic hair shows up Acne (adrenarche) Around the same time as underarm hair During puberty, the body goes through various changes, and one of the first signs in girls is breast budding. This refers to the development of breast tissue, which can be seen as small lumps or bumps under the nipples. gelisimedu igugelisim Brief information about male and female puberty Puberty in males usually begins between the ages of 10 to 14 (11-12 in average). Growth of the scrotum and testes occurs first, followed by lengthening of the penis, growth of pubic hair, growth spurt, change in body shape, and growth of facial and underarm hair.  Puberty usually starts earlier in females than in males by approximately 1 year.  This is because the female reproductive system develops at a faster rate compared to males.  The onset of puberty in females typically occurs around the age of 10-11 gelisimedu igugelisim  Which of the following hormones causes reproductive organs to mature, muscle and bone to grow, facial and pubic hair to appear, and the voice to deepen in boys? A. Adrenaline B. Testosterone C. Estrogen D. Thyroid hormone  Puberty is the stage during which people reach full reproductive ability and develop the adult features of their gender. Sexual development occurs in a sequence. Which of the following events typically occurs first? A. Growth of pubic hair B. Growth of facial and underarm hair C. Growth of the scrotum and testes D. Growth spurt Anatomy of Female Reproductive System gelisimedu igugelisim Structure and Function Ovaries Two small solid oval structures Located in the pelvic cavity Produce ova and secrete female hormones At birth most female ovaries contain between 200,000 to 400,000 immature ova (oocytes) in each ovary Between the ages of 10-14 years, the first menstruation (menarche) occurs. Menopause signals the end of the childbearing years. Climacteric is the period leading up to menopause. gelisimedu igugelisim Structure and Function Uterus The ovum, fertilized or not, will end up in the uterus. Is about 7-8 cmlong Consists of three parts If fertilization does not occur, -Upper portion fundus the ovum will be released along -Middle portion body with the endometrium during -Lower portion cervix menstruation. Consists of three layers If fertilization does occur, the -Outer layer (perimetrium) ovum will attach to the -Middle layer (myometrium) endometrium where it will be -Inner layer (endometrium) nourished for the duration of gestation (about 40 weeks). gelisimedu igugelisim Structure and Function Fallopian Tubes 10- 15 cm long Tubes with fingerlike projections (fimbriae) that pull in the released ovum The ovum is pushed through the tube by cilia and muscle contractions. This is the site of fertilization if sperm is present as the egg moves through the tube. It takes 4-7 days after fertilization for the zygote (fertilized egg) to reach the uterus. An unfertilized ovum will degenerate. Fimbriae These fingerlike projections are at the end of the fallopian tubes. They will move to create a current drawing the released ovum into the fallopian tube. gelisimedu igugelisim Vagina Extends from the cervix to the outside of the body. It is a 8-10 cm long It releases menstrual fluids. Serves as a birth canal during birth. During sexual intercourse, the vagina stimulates the male penis to the point of ejaculation in order to collect the sperm. The vagina is slightly acidic to prevent the growth of pathogens. gelisimedu igugelisim Movement of an oocyte during the female cycle gelisimedu igugelisim External Genitalia Known collectively as the vulva Consists of the: -mons pubis -labia majora -labia minora -clitoris -perineum Bartholin’s glands secrete a fluid Lubrication during into the vagina and is located in sexual activity. Prevents the space between the labia pain for the female minora gelisimedu igugelisim  External Genitalia The vulva is 5 organs making up the external genitalia of the female: 1. Mons pubis: triangular-shaped pad of fatty tissue over the pubis bone, covered with pubic hair 2. Labia majora: 2 large folds of adipose tissue on the sides of the vaginal opening 3. Labia minora: 2 smaller folds of adipose tissue on the inside of the labia majora 4. Vestibule: area between labia with openings for the vagina, urethra, and two excretory ducts for Bartholin’s glands (provide lubricant) 5. Clitoris: sensitive fold of tissue partially covered by hood gelisimedu igugelisim Breasts The breasts are the mammary glands, varying in size according to age, heredity, and the amount of fatty tissue present. Each breast has 15-20 glandular lobes separated by connective tissue. After childbirth, the pituitary gland stimulates these lobules with the hormone prolactin… and they produce milk. gelisimedu igugelisim Pelvic Bone (standing) gelisimedu igugelisim https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8fgm-zEYjQ  Male Reproductive System: Scrotum The scrotum is a pouch of skin suspended from the perineal area and divided into two sacs… each containing one testicle and epididymis. The scrotal tissue contracts in the absence of sufficient heat, pulling the testes up closer to the body where the temperature maintains the viability of sperm. (Cremaster reflex). Stroking skin with a needle gelisimedu igugelisim Male Reproductive System: Penis The urethra runs the length of the penis from the bladder to the meatus. The flaccid penis fills with blood during arousal, causing an erection and allowing for the function of copulation/intercourse. gelisimedu igugelisim Male Reproductive System: Testicles The oval-shaped testes are located in the scrotum, and are each divided into 250 lobules. Coiled within the lobule are seminiferous tubes where the sperm are formed. The mature sperm are stored in the epididymis, a tube 400-600 cm in length, coiled and lying on the side of each testicle. gelisimedu igugelisim Male Reproductive System: Sperm Sperm carry either an X/female OR Y/male chromosome. Since all ova carry the X/female chromosome, the male sperm does influence the baby’s sex The acrosome covering the head of the sperm contains enzymes that help it penetrate the ova. The head carries the genetic material. The midpiece supplies energy. The tail or flagellum provides motility. gelisimedu igugelisim Sperm Production gelisimedu igugelisim  Male Reproductive System: Vas deferens and Seminal Vesicles The vas deferens are muscular tubes transporting sperms from the epididiymis to the seminal vesiscles. The seminal vesicles produce a slightly alkaline fluid that mixes with the sperm and becomes part of the semen ejeculated the male orgasm. It protects the sperm from the acidity of the urethra and also vagina. gelisimedu igugelisim  Male Reproductive System: Prostat and Cowper’s glands The prostate gland also secretes an alkaline fluid that mixes with the sperm as part of the semen. The alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidity of the vaginal tract, prolonging the lifespan of sperm. Enlargement of the prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, obstructs the flow of urine through the urethra. The Cowper’s or bulbourethral glands produce another mucous- alkaline secretion in the urethra, excreted from the glands just before ejaculation. gelisimedu igugelisim  Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of reproductive organs, muscle and bone growth, the appearance of facial and pubic hair, and deepening of the voice in boys? A) Adrenaline B) Testosterone C) Estrogen D) Thyroid hormone Which of the following events occurs first during male puberty? A) Growth of facial and underarm hair B) Growth of the scrotum and testes C) Growth of pubic hair D) Growth spurt Which part of the female reproductive system produces ova and secretes hormones? A) Uterus B) Fallopian tubes C) Ovaries D) Vagina  What is the role of Bartholin’s glands in the female reproductive system? A) Produce ova B) Nourish the fertilized ovum C) Secrete fluid for lubrication D) Aid in menstruation At what age does female puberty typically begin? A) 6-8 years old B) 8-10 years old C) 10-12 years old D) 12-14 years old Which of the following is a function of the female reproductive system’s fallopian tubes? A) To nourish the embryo after fertilization B) To store mature ova C) To move the ovum towards the uterus D) To produce hormones Which layer of the uterus is responsible for contractions during childbirth? A) Perimetrium B) Endometrium C) Myometrium D) Epimetrium What is the main function of the epididymis in the male reproductive system? A) Produce sperm B) Store mature sperm C) Secrete fluid for lubrication D) Produce testosterone What is the primary role of prolactin in the female body after childbirth? A) Stimulate ovulation B) Stimulate milk production C) Regulate menstruation D) Trigger labor contractions What is the term for the first menstrual cycle in females? A) Menarche B) Climacteric C) Thelarche D) Adrenarche gelisimedu igugelisim