Ethics and Culture BSEE 2A PDF

ethics and culture GROUP 1 Madrona, Vicente - BSEE 2A  Learning OUTCOMEs 01 02 03 Define culture and explain Evaluate the strengths and Recognize differences in the how it shapes our moral weaknesses of rela...

ethics and culture GROUP 1 Madrona, Vicente - BSEE 2A  Learning OUTCOMEs 01 02 03 Define culture and explain Evaluate the strengths and Recognize differences in the how it shapes our moral weaknesses of relativism. moral behavior of different behavior. cultures and generations. What is ETHICS? The disciplined study of the rational justification of moral principle and moral behavior.  components of ethics RATIONAL MORALITY JUSTIFICATION Criteria of judging right MORAL BEHAVIOR Justification of a matter or wrong, good or evil. from different point of Human behavior towards view in a deliberate any situation and it’s way. moral judgment. What is culture and how does it define our moral behavior? culture “Culture or Civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, custom, and any other capabilities acquired as a member of society”. (Tylor, 1871, p. 1)  moral behavior To act according to ones moral values and standards. Moral behavior refers to actions and decisions that are guided by an individual's character, and are consistent with their values and beliefs. It is behavior that is grounded in principles of right and wrong, and is motivated by a desire to do what is ethical and just. Moral behavior is not simply a matter of following rules or laws, but is a reflection of an individual's innermost convictions and sense of responsibility to others. How does culture shape moral behavior?  Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism is the view that no culture is superior to any other culture when comparing systems of morality, law, politics, etc. It is the philosophical notion that all cultural beliefs are equally valid and that truth itself is relative, depending on the cultural environment. Cultural Relativism holds that the norms of a culture reign supreme within the bounds of the culture itself.  STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Multiculturalism - Cultural relativism assists Human Rights Violations - Global human rights in the prevention of imposing cultural norms are bound to arise from Cultural Relativism. For on others by recognizing that every culture example, Outsiders looking in, have no right to has its own set of moral principles. object if customs such as genital mutilation, child marriage, or tribal practices are acceptable in a certain society. This can be detrimental to efforts to advance universal human rights. Cultural Sensitivity - It encourages awareness of the subtle differences across Subjectivism - There cannot be a universally many ethnic customs. Gaining an set moral standard. This causes issues in cross- understanding of moral norms in relation to cultural contexts where it may be necessary to the cultures from which they arise might help apply universal moral principles, like in one become more empathetic and analyze international law or human rights frameworks. It behavior in more complex ways. might make it difficult to get a consensus on how to handle ethical problems on a worldwide scale. Scarification Scarification is a practice that many cultures in Africa do. The scars are made by cutting or branding the skin, which form keloids that are arranged to form intricate patterns over large areas of skin. It is primarily used for beautification, however it may also come from ritualistic practices and can be a form of identification. Moreso, the painfulness of the process may be used to test an individual’s ability to withstand pain and, consequently, readiness for the harsh realities of adulthood AMPUTATION Finger cutting, also referred to as “Ikipalin", was common amongst the Dani tribe in a remote area of Papua, Western New Guinea. The demands of the custom required that once a family member passed away, the closest relative(s) were to cut off their fingers, as a manner of expressing their grief. The Filipino Way (Authentic Filipino Values) Filipino Values, in essence, reflect the ideal citizen within a community. To maintain amiable relationships and uphold a strong sense of belonging. That is why most of these values center themselves around family and society. PAKIKISAMA Pakikisama was identified by Lynch as a Filipino vale, giving it the English translation of maintaining “smooth interpersonal relations” by going along with the group or majority decision (conformity). Pakikiramdam is a request to feel or to be sensitive to. In other words, it is “feeling for another”, exercising great care and deliberation. HIYA AT UTANG NA LOOB Sibley (1965), an American scholar, translated hiya as “shame”. Lynch (1961) defined hiya as “the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position”. Andres (1994) described hiya as “an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to extent of going in debt”. UTANG NA LOOB Kaut (1961) “debt of gratitude” Andres (1994) defined it as “the principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. The person helped then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself is in need of aid or he may repay his debt by sending gifts. It is often not clear when a debt has been fully paid, so that the relationship becomes ongoing one.” BAHALA NA Bahala na as “ the Filipino attitude that makes him accept sufferings and problems leaving everything to God. “Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us)” When Filipinos utter the expression “Bahala na!” they are not leaving their fate to God and remaining passive, rather they are telling themselves that they are ready to face the difficult situation before them, and will do their best to achieve their objectives. BAYANIHAN Community Spirit (Bayanihan): Cooperation, helping others, and solidarity within the community are essential to Filipino culture. It is a traditional value that embodies the spirit of community cooperation and mutual support. It is rooted in the idea of neighbors helping each other, especially during times of need or difficulty, without expecting anything in return. GENERATIONAL VALUES Recognize & appreciate moral differences in the moral behavior of different: GENERATIONS CULTURES Generations - Values and beliefs differ not only in cultures but also in generations. We can observe generational differences in opinions, schools of thought, and perspectives. Considering the historical context in which these people grew up, economic hardships and observed social norms play a role in forming their cultural identities. What may be accepted now in today's standards may not have been back in their time and vice versa. THE SILENT GENERATION (1926-1945) BABY BOOMERS (1946-1964) GENERATION X (1965-1980) MILLENNIALS/GENERATION Y(1981-1996) GENERATION Z (1997-2012)  REFERENCES Winet, H. (2021). Ethics for bioengineering scientists. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003197218) Fokkema, D. (1993). The relativity of cultural relativism. Journal of Literary Studies, 9(2), 117–124.) Boas, F. (1940). Race, Language and Culture. United Kingdom: Macmillan. Malonzo, Andrea May. “Week 8 Ethics and Culture.pdf.” SlideShare, 29 January 2023 THANK YOU !