Latin Nouns and Their Derivatives PDF

ESSENTIAL ETYMOLOGY PACK LATIN NOUNS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: aedēs (temple / house): edifice, edify, edification aestās (summer): estivate, estival ager (field): agrarian, agriculture, agricultural, agriculturalist, peregrinate, pilgrim, pilgrimage agricola (farmer): ager (field) + colō (till / d...

ESSENTIAL ETYMOLOGY PACK LATIN NOUNS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: aedēs (temple / house): edifice, edify, edification aestās (summer): estivate, estival ager (field): agrarian, agriculture, agricultural, agriculturalist, peregrinate, pilgrim, pilgrimage agricola (farmer): ager (field) + colō (till / dwell) - q.v. ager amīcus (friend): q.v. amō animal (animal): q.v. animus animus (mind / soul / spirit): animadversion, animadvert, animal, animalism, animalistic, animate, anime, animism, animosity, animus, equanimity, inanimate, magnanimity, magnanimous, pusillanimous, reanimate, unanimity, unanimous annus (year): annal, annalist, annalistic, anniversary, annual, annually, annuity, biannual, bicentennial, biennial, biennium, centennial, millennial, millennium, perennial, postmillennial, premillennial, quadrennial, quincentennial, quinquenn ium, semiannual, sesquicentennial, superannuated, triannular, tricentennial, triennial aqua (water): aquarium, aquatic, aqueduct, aqueous, subaqueous, ewer, sewer, aquamarine arbor (tree): arboreal, arboretum, arboriculture arcus (bow / arch): arc, arcade, arch, archer, archery, archway, overarch(ing) arēna (sand): arena, arenicolous argentum (silver): Ag., Argentina, argentine arma (arms / weapons): alarm, alarum, arm (verb), armada, armadillo, armor, disarm, armistice, armament, rearm, unarm(ed), forearm, firearm, gendarme ars (art / skill): art, artful, artifice, artificer, artificial, artillery, artisan, artist, artistic, artistry, inert, inertia, inertial 1 auris (ear): auricle, auricular aurum (gold): aureole, oriole autumnus (autumn / fall): autumn, autumnal auxilium (help): q.v. augeō avis (bird): auspice, auspicious, aviary, aviation, aviator, inauspicious bellum (war): belligerent, duel, duelist, rebel, rebellion, revel, revelry, reveler, bellicose beneficium (kindness): bene (well) + faciō (do) bōs (cow): bovine, beef, bugle caelum (sky / heaven): ceiling, celestial, cerulean, Celeste campus (field): camp, campaign, camper, champagne, champion, encamp, encampment, decamp, scamp, scamper, Campania, campground canis (dog): canary, canine, kennel capillus (hair): capillary, dishevel(ed) captīvus (prisoner): q.v. capiō caput (head): achieve, achievement, biceps, triceps, quadriceps, cabbage, cad, cadet, capital, capitalism, capitalist, capitalize, capitol, capitulate, captain, cattle, chapter, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, decapitate, decapitation, kerchief, handkerchief, mischief, mischievous, precipice, precipitate, precipitation, precipitous, recapitulate carmen (song / poem): q.v. canō casa (house): casino castra (camp): castle, chateau, castellan, Castile, Chester, -chester (as in Manchester, Winchester, etc. causa (cause / reason): accusation, accusative, accuse, accuser, because, cause, excuse, inexcusable, kickshaw celeritās (speed): q.v. celer cēna (dinner): cenacle 2 cēra (wax): cerament cibus (food): precibal, postcibal cīvis (citizen): citadel, citizen, citizenship, city, civic, civil, civilian, civilization, civilize(d), incivility, uncivil clāmor (shout): q.v. clāmō collum (neck): collar, accolade copia (supply): cum (with) + ops (strength): copy, copious coquus (cook): q.v. coquō corōna (crown): coronation, crown, corollary, coronet, uncrowned cornū (horn): cornea, corner, cornet, cornucopia, unicorn corpus (body): corporal, corporate, corporation, corporeal, corps, corpse, corpulent, corpulence, corsage, corset, incorporate cubiculum (bedroom): cubicle culīna (kitchen): culinary, kiln cupiditās (desire): q.v. cupiō cūra (care): q.v. accuracy, accurate, assurance, assure, assured(ly), curate, cure, curio, curiosity, curious, curiosity, ensure, inaccuracy, inaccurate, incurable, insecure, insurance, insure, manicure, procure, proctor, proxy, reassurance, reassure, scour, secure, security, sinecure, sure, surely, surety, uncured currus (chariot): q.v. currō custōs (guard): q.v. custodiō cutis (skin): cuticle, subcutaneous dea (goddess): q.v. deus dēns (tooth): dentist, dental, dent, indent, denture, trident, bident, dandelion deus (god): deify, deist, deity, divine, divination, divinity, adieu 3 diēs (day): dial, diary, dismal, journal, journalism, adjourn, journey, meridian, sojourn, sundial digitus (finger): digit, digital, digitize, bit, byte discipulus (student): q.v. discō diligentia (care): q.v. legō domina (mistress): q.v. domus dominus (master): q.v. domus domus (house): dame, damsel, beldam, belladonna, danger, dangerous, domain, dome, domestic, domesticate, domicile, dominance, dominant, dominate, domination, domineer, dominion, domino, don, donna, dungeon, endanger, granny, ma'am, madam, mademoiselle, madonna, predominate dōnum (gift): q.v. dō dux (leader): q.v. dūcō epistula (letter): epistle, epistolary equus (horse): equine, equestrian exemplum (example): q.v. emō exercitus (army): q.v. arceō fābula (story): q.v. for fama (fame / reputation): q.v. for familia (family): familial, familiar, familiarize, unfamiliar fēmina (woman): female, feminine, feminism, effeminate fēlēs (cat): feline ferrum (iron / sword): farrier fīlia (daughter): q.v. fīlius fīlius (son): filial, affiliate, affiliation, hidalgo 4 fīnis (end): affinity, confine, confinement, define, definite, definition, final, finale, finality, finance, financial, fine, finesse, finish, finite, infinite, infinitesimal, infinitive, infinity, paraffin, refine(d), redefine, refinement, refinery, undefined flamma (flame): aflame, flamboyant, flame, inflame, flammable, inflammable, inflammation, inflammatory flōs (flower): cauliflower, cornflower, flora, floral, florid, florin, florist, flour, flourish, flower, flowery, sunflower, wallflower, Florida, fluorescent, efflorescent, efflorescence fortūna (fortune): fortunate, fortune, misfortune, misfortunate, unfortunate forum (marketplace): forensic, forensics frāter (brother): friar, fraternity, fraternal, fraternize frōns (forehead): affront, confront, effrontery, forefront, front, frontal, frontier, waterfront fuga (flight): q.v. fugiō fūmus (smoke): fume, fumigate, perfume fūr (thief): furtive, ferret gaudium (joy): q.v. gaudeō gēns (family / nation / clan): q.v. genus genū (knee): genuflect genus (race / kind / class): benign, benignant, congenial, congenital, degenerate, degeneration, engender, engine, engineer, gendarme, gender, general, generality, generalization, generate, generation, generative, generator, generic, generosity, generous, genial, genre, gent, genteel, gentile, gentility, gentle, gentleman, gently, gentry, genuine, germ, germinate, germinate, gin (as in cotton gin), indigenous, ingenious, jaunty, malign, malignant, primogeniture, progenitor, progeny, regenerate, regeneration, regenerative gladius (sword): gladiator, gladiolus, gladiola glōria (glory): glorification, glorify, glory, glorious, inglorious, vainglorious grātia (thanks / favor): q.v. grātus herba (grass): arbor, herb, herbal, herbage, herbivore, herbicide 5 hiems (winter): hibernate, hibernation homō (man): homage, homicide, human, humane, humanist, humanity, humanitarian, humanize, inhuman, inhumane, superhuman honor (honor): dishonest, dishonesty, dishonor, dishonorable, honest, honesty, honorable, honorary hōra (hour): horoscope, hour hortus (garden): horticulture, horticultural hospes (guest): hospice, hospital, hospitality, hospitable, host, hostage, hostel, hostlery, hostess, hostler, ostler, hotel, inhospitable hostis (enemy): host (enemy army), hostile, hostility iānua (door): January, janitor, janitorial ignis (fire): ignite, ignition, igneous, reignite imperium (power): q.v. parō incendium (fire): incense, incendiary īnfāns (infant): q.v. for initium (beginning): q.v. eō iniūria (injury): q.v. iūs īnsula (island): insular, insulate, insulation, insulator, isle, islet, isolate, isolation, peninsula, peninsular īra (anger): irate, ire, ireful, irascible, iracund, iracundity iter (journey): itinerary, itinerant, q.v. eō iūdex (judge): q.v. iūdicō iūs (law / right): abjure, adjure, adjuration, adjust, adjustable, adjuster, conjure, conjurer, injure, injury, injurious, justice, injustice, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, jurist, juror, jury, just, justify, justifiable, justification, perjure, perjury, unjust, readjust iuvenis (youth): juvenile, rejuvenate 6 lacrima (tear): q.v. lacrimō labor (work / effort): q.v. labōrō leō (lion): leonine, lion, leopard, Leon, dandelion, chameleon lēx (law): allegation, colleague, college, collegiate, delegate, delegation, disloyal, illegal, illegitimate, leal, legacy, legal, legality, legalize, legate, legislate, legislation, legislator, legitimate, legitimacy, loyal, loyalty, loyalist, privilege, relegate liber (book): libel, librarian, library, libretto lībertās (liberty): q.v. līberō lingua (tongue / language): language, lingual, bilingual, trilingual, linguistics, sublingual, linguini, lingo littera (letter): alliteration, illiterate, illiteracy, letter, literate, literacy, literal, literary, literature, obliterate locus (place): collocation, couch, dislocate, lieu, lieutenant, local, locality, localize, locate, location, locale, locomotion, locomotive lūdus (game / school): q.v. lūdō lupus (wolf): lupine lūmen (light): illume, illuminate, illumination, limn, luminary, luminous lūna (moon): lunar, lunular, lunatic, lunacy, interlunar lūx (light): elucidate, lucid, lucent, Lucifer, Lucius, lucubrate, lucubration, translucent, pellucid magister (teacher): q.v. magnus manus (hand): amanuensis, emancipate, emancipation, maintain, maintenance, manacle, manage, manageable, management, manager, managerial, maneuver, manicure, manifest, manifestation, manifesto, manipulate, manipulation, manner, mannerism, manoeuver, manual, manufacture, manumission, manure, manuscript, mismanage, unmanageable mare (sea): cormorant, marinate, marine, mariner, maritime, rosemary, submarine marītus (husband): intermarriage, intermarry, marital, marriage, married, marry, remarry, remarriage, unmarried 7 māter (mother): maternal, maternity, matron, matrimonial, matrimony, matrix medicus (doctor): medical, medicine, medicinal, medicate, pre-med memoria (memory): q.v. memor mēns (mind): mental, mentality, demented mēnsa (table): mesa, Mesa Verde mēnsis (month): semester, bimester, trimester merīdiēs (noon / mid-day): q.v. diēs mīles (soldier): militant, militarism, militarist, military, demilitarize, militia, paramilitary modus (method / measure / manner): accommodate, accommodation, commode, commodious, commodity, immoderate, immodest, mode, model, moderate, moderation, moderator, modesty, modification, modify, modulate, mold, remodel mōns (mountain): amount, dismount, insurmountable, mount, mountain, mountaineer, mountainous, paramount, remount, surmount, tantamount mors (death): immortal, immortality, immortalize, mortal, mortality, mortgage, mortify mōs (custom): amoral, amorality, demoralize, immoral, immorality, moral, morale, moralist, morality, moralize, morose multitūdō (crowd): q.v. multus mūrus (wall): mural, immure, intramural mūs (mouse): muscle, muscular, mussel nāsus (nose): nasal nātūra (nature): q.v. nascor nauta (sailor): nautical, astronaut, cosmonaut, Argonaut nāvis (ship): circumnavigate, naval, nave, navigable, navigate, navigation, navigator, navy negōtium (business / task): q.v. otium nihil (nothing): annihilate, annihilation, nihilism, nihilist 8 nōmen (name): denominate, denomination, denominator, denominational, non-denominational, ignominious, ignominy, misnomer, nomenclature, nominal, nominate, nomination, nominative, nominee, noun, pronoun, renominate, renown, renowned nox (night): nocturnal, equinox, equinoctial numerus (number): enumerate, enumeration, innumerable, number, numeral, numerical, numerous, outnumber, supernumerary, unnumbered nūntius (messenger / message): announce, announcement, announcer, annunciation, denounce, denunciation, enunciate, enunciation, pronounce, pronouncement, pronunciation, renounce, renunciation, unannounced oculus (eye): antler, binocular, eyelet, inoculate, inoculation, inveigle, monocle, ocular, oculist odium (hate): q.v. odī ōrātiō (speech): q.v. orō ōrātor (speaker): q.v. orō ordō (order / rank): coordinate, coordination, disorder, extraordinary, inordinate, insubordinate, ordain, order, orderly, ordinance, ordinary, ordination, ordnance, preordain, subordinate ōs (mouth / face): oral, orifice, usher os (bone): osprey, ossify ōtium (leisure): negotiate, negotiation pānis (bread): accompaniment, accompany, appanage, companion, companionship, company, pannier, pantry parēns (parent): q.v. pariō pars (part): apart, apartment, compartment, counterpart, depart, departed, department, departure, dispart, impart, impartial, jeopardize, jeopardy, non-partisan, parcel, part, partake, partial, participant, participate, participation, participle, particle, particular, partisan, partition, partner, party, repartee, tripartite pater (father): padre, paternal, paternity, patrician, patrimony, patrimonial, patron, patronage, patronize, paternalism, paternalistic, patriot, patriotism, repatriate, expatriate, Patrick, Patricia, patricide 9 pātria (country): q.v. pater patrōnus (patron): q.v. pater pāx (peace): appease, pacific, pacifism, pacifist, pacify, peace, pay, payable, payment, peace, peaceful, prepay, repay pecūnia (money): pecuniary, impecunious perīculum (danger): imperil, peril, perilous persōna (person): impersonal, impersonate, person, personage, persona, personal, personality, personify, personification, persona non grata pēs (foot): centipede, expedient, expediency, expedite, expedition, expeditious, impeach, pawn, pedal, pedestal, pedestrian, pedigree, peon, pioneer, quadruped, trivet, vamp pictūra (picture): q.v. pingō piscis (fish): Pisces, piscatory, piscine, porpoise poena (punishment): penal, penalty, penalize, pain, subpoena - q.v. pūniō poēta (poet): poet, poetics, poetical pompa (parade): pompous, pomp pontifex (priest): pōns (bridge) + faciō (make): pontifex, pontificate populus (people): depopulate, depopulation, dispeople, people, populace, popular, popularity, populate, population, populist, populous, pub, public, publication, publicist, publicity, publish, pueblo, republic, republican, republicanism, unpopular porta (door / gate): porch, portal, portcullis, porter, porthole, portico portus (harbor): airport, importunate, importune, inopportune, opportune, opportunity, passport, port, seaport pretium (price): appraisal, appraise, appreciable, appreciate, depreciate, depreciation, dispraise, praise, precious, price, prize prōvincia (province): province, provincial, Provencal, provincialism, prūdentia (wisdom): q.v. videō 10 puer (boy): puerile pullus (chicken): pony, poultry, pullet pulmō (lung): pulmonary rēs (thing): real, realism, realist, realistic, reality, realization, realize, really, realty, republic, republican, unreal rēx (king): q.v. regō salūs (welfare / safety / health): salubrious, salutary, salutation, salute sanguis (blood): consanguinity, sanguinary, sanguine sapientia (wisdom): q.v. sapiō sacrificium (sacrifice): sacer (holy) + faciō (make) saxum (rock): saxicolous scientia (knowledge): q.v. sciō schola (school): school, schoolhouse, scholastic, scholar, scholarship, preschool senātus (senate): q.v. senex senex (old / old man): monsieur, seigneur, senate, senatorial, senile, senility, senor, senora, senorita, signor, signora, signorina, sir, sire, sirrah, surly sententia (thought / opinion): q.v. sentiō sepulcrum (tomb): sepulcher, sepulchral, sepulture servus (slave): concierge, deserve, dessert, serf, serfdom, sergeant, servant, serve, server, service, servile, servility, servitude, subservient, subservience, undeserved signum (sign): assign, assignment, consign, consignment, countersign, design, designate, ensign, insignificant, resign, resignation, seal, sign, signal, signalize, signature, signet, significant, signify, signpost silva (forest / woods): savage, sylvan, Pennsylvania socius (ally / friend): associate, association, dissociate, sociability, sociable, social, socialism, socialist, socialize, society, sociologist, sociology, unsociable 11 sōl (sun): parasol, solar, solstice somnium (dream): q.v. somnus somnus (sleep): insomnia, insomniac, somnambulate, somnambulist, somniferous sonus (sound): consonance, consonant, dissonance, dissonant, resonance, resonant, resound, sonata, sonnet, sonorous, sound, soundless, unison soror (sister): cousin, sorority spēs (hope): q.v. spērō supercilium (eyebrow): supercilious taberna (tavern / shop): tabernacle, tavern tabula (tablet): table, tableau, tablecloth, tablespoon, tablet, tabular, tabulate, tabulation tempus (time): contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempest, tempestuous, tempo, temporal, temporary, tense tergum (back): tergiversate terra (land): disinter, inter, interment, Mediterranean, subterranean, terrace, terrestrial, terrier, territory, territorial timor (fear): q.v. timeō truncus (trunk of the body): entrench, entrenchment, intrench, intrenchment, retrentch, trench, trenchant, truncheon, trunk tumultus (riot / uproar): tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous turba (crowd): disturb, disturbance, imperturbable, perturb, perturbation, trouble, troublesome, turbid, turbine, turbulence, turbulent, undisturbed, untroubled umbra (shadow / shade): somber, umbrage, umbrella unda (wave): abound, abundance, abundant, inundate, inundation, redound, redundancy, redundant, surround, undulate, undulation urbs (city): interurban, suburb, urban, urbane, urbanity uxor (wife): uxorious 12 vacca (cow): vaccine, vaccination, vaccinate ventus (wind): vent, ventilate, ventilation, ventilator vēr (spring): vernal verbum (word): adverb, adverbial, proverb, proverbial, verb, verbal, verbiage, verbose, verbosity vestis (clothing): divest, invest, investiture, investment, investor, travesty, vest, vested, vestee, vestment, vestry, vesture via (road / way / street): convey, conveyance, conveyer, convoy, deviate, deviation, devious, envoy, impervious, invoice, obviate, obvious, previous, trivial, triviality, viaduct, voyage, voyager victor (victor): q.v. vincō victoria (victory): q.v. vincō vīlla (country house / villa): village, villager, villain, villainous, villainy vīnum (wine): vine, vinegar, vineyard, vinous, vintage, wine vir (man): triumvirate, virile, virtual, virtually, virtue, virtuoso, virtuous virgō (maiden): virgin, virginal, virginity virtūs (virtue / courage): q.v. vir vōx (voice): advocacy, advocate, avouch, avowal, convocation, convoke, disavow, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, evoke, invoke, invocation, irrevocable, provoke, provocation, provocative, revoke, revocation, unequivocal, vocabulary, vocal, vocation, vocational, vociferous, voice, vouch, vowel vulnus (wound): invulnerable, vulnerable LATIN ADJECTIVES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: ācer (sharp / bitter / keen / fierce): acrid, acrimonious, acrimony, eager, vinegar aequus (equal): adequate, equable, equal, equality, equanimity, equation, equator, equatorial, equidistant, equilibrium, equinox, equinoctial, equipoise, equitable, equity, equivalent, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, inadequate, inadequacy, inequality, iniquitous, iniquity, unequal, unequivocal 13 albus (white): albino, auburn, daub, dauber alter (other): adulterate, adulteration, adulterer, adultery, adulterous, alter, alteration, altercation, alternate, alternative, alteration, altercation, altruistic, subaltern, unadulterated, unalterable, unaltered altus (high / deep): altar, altitude, alto, contralto, enhance, exalt, exaltation, haughty, haughtiness, oboe antīquus (ancient / old): q.v. ante anxius (worried / anxious): anguish, anxious, anxiety audāx (bold): q.v. audeō aureus (golden): q.v. aurum barbarus (foreign): barbaric, barbarian bonus (good): beau, beauteous, beautiful, beauty, beaux, beldam, belladonna, belle, benedict, benediction, benefaction, benefactor, benefice, beneficence, beneficent, beneficial, beneficiary, benefit, benevolence, benevolent, benign, benignant, benignity, benison, bonanza, bonbon, boon, bonny(ie), bounteous, bountiful, bounty, debonair, embellish, embellishment brevis (short): abbreviate, abbreviation, abridge, abridgement, breviary, brevity, brief candidus (bright / white): candidate, candidacy, candid cārus (dear): caress, charitable, charity, cherish, uncharitable celer (swift / fast): accelerate, acceleration, accelerator, celerity certus (certain): q.v. cernō clārus (clear / bright / famous): claret, clarify, clarinet, clarion, clarity, clear, clearance, clearing, clearly, chanticleer, declare, declaration commodus (suitable): q.v. modus dexter (right): dexterity, dexterous, ambidextrous dīligēns (careful): q.v. legō dulcis (sweet): dulcet, dulcimer 14 facilis (easy): facilitate, facility, facile, facilitator - q.v. faciō fēlīx (lucky / happy): felicitous, felicity, felicific ferōx (wild / fierce): ferocious, ferocity fortis (brave / strong): comfort, comfortable, comforter, discomfort, effort, enforce, enforceable, force, forceful, forcible, fort, forte, fortify, fortification, fortitude, fortress, perforce, reinforce, reinforcement, uncomfortable grātus (pleasing): agree, agreeable, agreement, congratulate, congratulation, disagree, disagreement, disgrace, disgraceful, grace, graceful, gracious, grateful, gratify, gratification, gratitude, gratuity, ingrate, ingratiate, gratis, ingrate, ingratitude gravis (heavy / serious): aggravate, aggravation, aggrieve, grave (adj.), gravity, gravitation, grief, grievance, grieve, grievous īrātus (angry): q.v. īra lātus (wide / broad): dilate, dilation, latitude levis (light): alleviate, carnival, elevate, elevation, elevator, irrelevant, leaven, levee, lever, leverage, levity, levy, relevancy, relevant, relief, relieve, unleavened līber (free): q.v. līberō longus (long): elongate, elongation, longevity, longitude, longitudinal, lunge, oblong, prolong, prolongation, purloin magnus (big, great, large): magistracy, magistrate, magnanimous, magnanimity, magnate, magnific, magnifical, magnificence, magnificent, magnifier, magnify, magnitude, majestic, majestical, majesty, majority, master, masterful, masterpiece, mastery, maxim, mayor, miss (n.), Mister, mistress malus (bad / evil): dismal, maladjustment, malady, malaria, malcontent, malediction, malefactor, malevolence, malevolent, malice, malicious, malign, malignant, malnutrition, maltreat medius (middle): demigod, immediate, intermediary, intermediate, mean, middle, meantime, meanwhile, medial, median, mediate, mediation, mediator, medieval, mediocre, mediocrity, meridian memor (mindful): commemorate, commemoration, immemorial, memoir, memorable, memorial, memorize, memory, remember, remembrance miser (sad / miserable): commiseration, miserable, misery 15 mortuus (dead): q.v. mors multus (much / many): multiform, multiple, multiplication, multiply, multitude, multitudinous nōbilis (noble): q.v. noscō nōtus (known): q.v. noscō novus (new): innovation, innovator, novel, novelist, novelty, novice, novitiate, renovate, renovation nūllus (no / none): annul, null, nullification, nullify, nullity omnis (all / every): omnipotent, omnipotence, omnipresent, omniscience, omniscient, omnivorous parātus (prepared / ready): q.v. parō paucī (few): paucity pauper (poor): impoverish, pauper, pauperism, poor, poorhouse, poverty territus (frightened): q.v. terreō pār (equal): apparel, comparable, comparative, compare, comparison, compeer, disparage, disparagement, disparity, incomparable, pair, parity, peer, peerage, peeress, peerless, umpire plēnus (full): accomplish, complement, complementary, complete, completion, compliance, compliant, compliment, complimentary, comply, deplete, depletion, expletive, implement, incomplete, plenary, plenipotentiary, plenitude, plentiful, plenty, replenish, supplement, supplemental, supplementary, supply potēns (powerful): q.v. possum prūdēns (wise): q.v. videō pulcher (beautiful): pulchritude, pulchritudinous rūsticus (rustic / of the country): q.v. rūs sacer (sacred): consecrate, consecration, desecrate, desecration, execrable, execrate, execrate, reconsecrate, sacerdotal, sacrament, sacramental, sacred, sacrifice, sacrificial, sacrilege, sacrilegious, sexton 16 sānus (healthy / sane): insane, insanity, sane, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanity, unsanitary satis (enough): asset, dissatisfaction, dissatisfied, insatiable, insatiate, satiate, satiety, satisfaction, satisfactory, unsatisfactory, unsatisfied similis (similar to): assemblage, assemble, assembly, assimilate, assimilation, dissemble, dissimilar, dissimulation, ensemble, reassemble, resemblance, resemble, semblance, similarity, similitude, simulate, simultaneous sinister (left / wicked): sinister sollicitus (worried): insouciance, insouciant, solicit, solicitous, solicitude sōlus (alone): desolate, desolation, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude, solo, sullen sordidus (dirty): sordid stultus (silly / foolish): stultify, stultification superbus (proud): superb, superbly tardus (slow): retard, tardiness, tardy timidus (afraid): q.v. timeō tōtus (whole / all): factotum, total, totality, in toto vacuus (empty): vacuum, vacuous, vacuity vehemēns (violent): vehement, vehemently vērus (true): aver, veracity, verdict, verify, verily, veritable, verity, very vīvus (living): q.v. vīvō LATIN VERBS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: accidō (happen): q.v. cadō accūsō (accuse / blame): q.v. causa aedificō (build): q.v. aedēs 17 agō (do / drive / act): act, actor, action, active, activity, actual, actuate, agency, agent, agile, agility, agitate, agitation, agitator, ambiguity, ambiguous, assay, circumnavigate, coagulate, coagulation, cogency, cogent, cogitate, cogitation, counteract, enact, enactment, essay, exact, exaction, exactitude, exactly, examination, examine, exigency, exigent, inaction, inactive, inactivity, interact, interaction, navigate, navigable, navigation, navigator, prodigal, prodigality, react, reaction, reactionary, reagent, squat, squatter, transact, transaction ambulō (walk): alley, amble, ambulate, ambulance, perambulate, preamble, circumambulate, somnambulate, somnambulist amō (love): amateur, amatory, amiable, amicable, amity, amorous, amour, enamor, enamored, enemy, inimical, paramour, Amanda, Amy aperiō (open): aperture, overt, overture, pert apellō (name / call): appeal, appellant, appellate, appellation arceō (keep away): coerce, coercion, coercive, exercise ardeō (burn / be on fire): ardent, ardently, arson audeō (dare): audacious, audacity augeō (increase): auction, auctioneer, augment, augmentation, august, author, authority, authoritative, authorize, authorization, auxiliary, unauthorized audiō (hear / listen to): audible, audience, audit, auditory, disobedience, disobedient, disobey, inaudible, obedience, obedient, obeisance, obey bibō (drink): beverage, bib, imbibe cadō (fall / die): accident, accidental, cadence, cascade, case, casual, casualty, casuist, chance, cheat, cheater, chute, coincide, coincidence, coincident, decadent, decadence, decay, deciduous, incidence, incident, incidental, mischance, occasion, occasional, occident, occidental, parachute, perchance canō (sing): accent, accentuate, cantata, canticle, canto, chanson, chant, chanticleer, chantry, charm, charmeuse, chaunt, descant, disenchant, enchant, enchantment, enchantress, incantation, incentive, recant capiō (take / capture): accept, acceptable, acceptance, anticipate, anticipation, cable, caitiff, capability, capable, capacious, capacity, capstan, caption, captious, captivate, captive, captivity, captor, capture, catch, catcher, cate, cater, chase, conceit, conceited, conceivable, conceive, concept, conception, deceit, deception, deceptive, emancipate, emancipation, except, exception, exceptionable, exceptional, imperceptible, incapable, 18 incapacitate, incapacity, inception, incipient, inconceivable, intercept, irrecoverable, ketch, misconceive, misconception, municipal, municipality, occupancy, occupant, occupy, participant, participate, participation, participle, perceive, perceptible, perception, precept, preceptor, preconceive, preoccupation, preoccupied, prince, princess, principal, principle, purchase, recapture, receipt, receive, receiver, receptacle, reception, receptive, recipe, recipient, recover, recovery, recuperate, recuperation, susceptible, susceptibility, undeceive, unexceptionable, unoccupied, unprincipled cāveō (beware): caution, cautious, incautious, precaution, precautionary cēdō (move / yield): abscess, accede, access, accessible, accession, accessory, ancestor, ancestral, ancestry, antecedent, cease, ceaseless, cede, cessation, cession, concede, concession, deceased, exceed, exceedingly, excess, excessive, inaccessible, incessant, intercede, intercession, intercessor, necessary, necessitate, precede, precedence, precedent, predecessor, procedure, proceed, proceeds, process, procession, processional, recede, recess, recession, recessive, secede, secession, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, unnecessary, unprecedented, unsuccessful cernō (see): ascertain, certain, certainty, certificate, certify, concern, concert, concerted, concerto, decree, discern, discernible, disconcert, discreet, discretion, discretionary, discriminate, excrement, excrete, excretion, excretory, indiscreet, indiscretion, indiscriminate, recrimination, secrecy, secret, secretary, secrete, secretion, secretly, uncertain, unconcerned cieō (stir up / arouse / excite): citation, cite, excitable, excite, excitement, incite, incitement, recital, recitation, recite, resuscitate, solicit, solicitation, solicitor, solicitous, solicitude, insouciant, insouciance clāmō (shout): acclaim, acclamation, claim, claimant, clamorous, declaim, declamation, exclaim, exclamation, exclamatory, disclaim, disclaimer, proclaim, proclamation, reclaim, reclamation, unclaim claudō (close): clause, cloister, close, closet, closure, conclude, conclusion, conclusive, disclose, disclosure, enclose, enclosure, exclude, exclusive, exclusion, foreclose, inclose, inclosure, include, inclusion, preclude, recluse, seclude, secluded, seclusion, sluice, unclose cōgō (force / compel / collect): q.v. agō colō (till / worship / dwell): cōnstituō (decide / establish): q.v. stō coquō (cook): apricot, biscuit, concoct, concoction, cook, cookbook, cookery, cooker, cuisine, kitchen, precocious, precocity, terra-cotta, uncooked 19 crēdō (believe / trust): accredit, credence, credentials, credibility, credible, credit, creditable, credulity, credulous, creed, discredit, grant, incredible, incredulity, incredulous, miscreant, recreant cupiō (desire / want): concupiscence, covet, covetous, covetousness, cupidity cūrō (care for): q.v. cūra currō (run): concourse, concur, concurrence, concurrent, corridor, corsair, courier, course, currency, current, cursory, discourse, discursive, excursion, excursive, hussar, incur, incursion, intercourse, occur, occurrence, precursor, recourse, recur, recurrence, recurrent, succor, undercurrent custodiō (guard): custodian, custodial, custody dēbeō (owe / ought): debit, debt, debtor, devoir, due, duly, duteous, dutiable, dutiful, duty, endeavor, indebted, overdue, undue, unduly dēfendō (defend): defend, defendant, defender, defense, defensible, defensive, fence, fender, undefended, unfenced dēlectō (delight / please): delectable, delicious, delight, dilettante dēleō (destroy): delete, indelible dīcō (say): addict, addicted, addiction, bedight, benediction, benison, condition, conditional, contradict, contradiction, dictate, dictation, dictatorial, dictator, dight, ditty, edict, indict, indictment, indite, interdict, interdiction, jurisdiction, malediction, predict, prediction, unconditional, verdict, valedictorian discō (learn): disciple, discipline, undisciplined dō (give): add, addition, additional, antedate, betray, betrayal, betrayer, date, dative, dice, donate, donation, donor, dowager, dower, dowry, edit, edition, editor, editorial, endow, endowment, extradite, extradition, guerdon, pardon, pardonable, pardoner, perdition, render, rendezvous, rent, rental, renter, sacerdotal, surrender, tradition, traitor, traitorous, treason, treasonable, vender, vendor doceō (teach): docile, docility, doctorate, doctrinal, doctrine, document, documentary doleō (grieve / feel pain): condole, condolence, doleful, dolorous, indolence, indolent dormiō (sleep): dormant, dorm, dormitory dūcō (lead): abduct, abduction, adduce, aqueduct, archduke, conduce, conducive, conduct, conduction, conductor, conduit, deduce, deduct, deduction, doge, duc, ducal, 20 ducat, duchess, duchy, duct, ductile, duke, dukedom, educe, induce, inducement, induction, inductive, introduce, introduction, misconduct, produce, producer, product, production, productive, redoubt, reduce, reduction, reproduce, reproduction, reproductive, seduce, seduction, subdue, traduce, viaduct emō (buy): example, exemplary, exemplification, exemplify, exempt, exemption, impromptu, peremptory, premium, prompt, promptitude, promptly, ransom, redeem, redeemer, redemption, sample, sampler, vintage eō (go): ambient, ambition, ambitious, circuit, circuitous, commence, commencement, concomitant, commencement, concomitant, constable, count (n.), countess, countship, county, exit, imperishable, initial, initiate, initiation, initiative, issue, itinerant, itinerary, intransitive, obituary, perish, perishable, praetorian, preterit, preterition, recommence, sedition, seditious, sudden, trance, transient, transit, transition, transitory, transitive errō (wander / be wrong): aberration, arrant, err, arrant, erratic, erroneous, unerring exerceō (train / exercise): q.v. arceō excitō (stir up / arouse): q.v. cieō faciō (do / make): affair, affect, affectation, affectionate, amplification, amplify, artifice, artificer, artificial, beautify, benefaction, benefactor, benefice, beneficence, beneficent, beneficial, beneficiary, benefit, certificate, certified, certify, chafe, chauffeur, clarify, classify, classification, coefficient, comfit, confection, confectionary, confetti, counterfeit, deface, defeat, defect, defection, defective, deficiency, deficient, deficit, deify, difficult, difficulty, dignified, dignify, disaffect, discomfit, disinfect, disinfectant, disqualify, dissatisfaction, dissatisfied, diversify, edification, edifice, edify, efface, effect, effective, effectual, efficacious, efficacy, efficient, efficiency, electrify, exemplify, facade, face, facet, facial, facile, facilitate, facility, fact, faction, factious, factitious, factory, factotum, faculty, falsify, fashion, fashionable, feasible, feat, feature, fetish, forfeit, forfeiture, fortification, fortify, glorification, glorify, gratification, gratify, horrify, identify, imperfect, imperfection, indefeasible, indemnify, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficiency, inefficient, infect, infection, infectious, insignificant, insufficient, intensify, justify, justification, liquefy, magnific, magnificent, magnify, magnification, malefactor, manufacture, modify, modification, munificence, munificent, mystify, notify, notification, nullify, nullification, office, officer, officious, olfactory, orifice, ossify, pacific, pacify, pacifism, perfect, perfection, personify, personification, petrify, pluperfect, prefect, prefecture, proficient, profit, profiteer, prolific, purify, putrefy, qualify, ratify, rectify, refection, refectory, sacrifice, sacrify, sanctify, satisfy, scientific, significant, specific, signify, suffice, sufficient, stratify, surfeit, terrific, surface, unify, verify faveō (favor): disfavor, favor, favorable, favorite, favoritism, unfavorable 21 ferō (bring / carry / bear): afferent, carboniferous, circumference, confer, conference, defer, deference, deferential, differ, difference, different, differential, differentiate, efferent, fertile, fertility, fertilization, fertilize, fertilizer, indifference, indifferent, infer, inference, infertility, insufferable, odoriferous, offer, pestiferous, prefer, preferable, preference, preferment, proffer, refer, referee, reference, suffer, sufferance, sufferer, transfer, transference, vociferous fluō (flow): affluence, affluent, confluence, confluent, conflux, effluence, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, flume, flux, influence, influential, influenza, influx, mellifluous, reflux, superfluous for (speak): affable, confabulate, defame, enfant, fable, fabulous, fairy, fame, famous, fatal, fatality, fate, fay, ineffable, infamous, infancy, infant, infantile, infantine, nefarious, preface, prefatory frangō (break): fraction, fractional, fracture, fragile, fragment, fragmentary, frail, frailty, fritter, infraction, infringe, infringement, osprey, refract, refraction, refractive, refractory fugiō (flee): centrifugal, fugitive, fugue, refuge, refugee, subterfuge gaudeō (rejoice): enjoy, enjoyable, gaudy, gaudiness, joy, joyfully, rejoice gerō (wear / wage / conduct): belligerent, congested, congested, digest, digestible, digestion, digestive, gerund, gesticulate, gesticulation, gesture, indigestible, indigestion, jest, jester, register, registrar, registration, registry, suggest, suggestion, suggestive habeō (have): ability, able, ably, avoirdupois, disability, disable, enable, exhibit, exhibition, exhibitor, habit, habitable, habitation, habitat, habitual, inability, inhabit, inhabitant, inhibit, inhibition, malady, prohibit, prohibition, prohibitive, rehabilitate, unable, uninhabited habitō (live): q.v. habeō haereō (stick / cling): adhere, adherence, adherent, adhesion, adhesive, cohere, coherence, coherent, cohesion, hesitate, hesitancy, hesitation, incoherent, inherent iaceō (lie down): adjacent, gist, joist iaciō (throw): abject, adjective, conjecture, dejected, dejection, ejaculate, ejaculation, eject, inject, injection, interjection, jess, jet, jetty, jut, object, objection, objectionable, objective, project, projection, projectile, projector, reject, rejection, subject, subjection, subjective, trajectory iūdicō (judge): iūs (law) + dīcō (say): adjudicate, judicial, judiciary, judge, judgment, judicious, injudicious, prejudge, prejudice, misjudge, judgmental 22 labōrō (work): labor, belabor, collaborate, collaboration, collaborator, elaborate, laboratory, laborious, laborer lacrimō (cry): lacrimate, lachrymal laudō (praise): allow, allowance, disallow, laud, laudable, laudation lavō (wash): ablution, alluvial, deluge, dilute, dilution, launder, laundry, lava, lavatory, lave, laver, lavish, lotion legō (read / choose): coil, collect, collection, collective, collector, cull, diligence, diligent, elect, election, electioneer, elective, elector, electoral, electorate, eligible, eligibility, intellect, intellectual, intelligence, intelligent, intelligentsia, intelligible, lecture, lecturer, legend, legendary, legible, legion, legionary, lesson, neglect, negligee, negligence, negligent, negligible, predilection, recollect, recollection, re-elect, re-election, sacrilege, sacrilegious, select, selection, selective, unintelligible līberō (free): deliver, deliverance, delivery, illiberal, liberal, liberalism, liberality, liberate, liberation, libertine, liberty, livery licet (it is permitted): illicit, leisure, leisurely, license, licentiate, licentious, licentiousness lūdō (play): allude, allusion, collude, collusion, delude, delusion, delusional, disillusion, disillusionment, elude, elusive, illusion, illusive, illusory, interlude, ludicrous, prelude maneō (stay / wait / remain): manor, manorial, manse, mansion, menagerie, menial, permanence, permanent, remain, remainder, remnant mittō (send): admission, admit, admittance, commissar, commission, commissioner, commit, commitment, committee, compromise, demise, dismiss, dismissal, emissary, emission, emit, inadmissible, intermission, intermit, intermittent, manumission, mess, message, messenger, missile, mission, missionary, missive, muss, omission, omit, permissible, permission, permissive, permit, premise, promise, promissory, remiss, remission, remit, remittance, submission, submissive, submit, surmise, transmission, transmit moneō (warn): admonish, admonition, demonstrable, demonstrative, demonstrate, monition, monitor, monster, monstrosity, monstrous, monument, monumental, muster, premonition, remonstrance, remonstrate, summon, summons monstrō (show): q.v. moneō moveō (move): automobile, automotive, commotion, emotion, emotional, immobile, immovable, locomotion, locomotive, mob, mobile, mobility, mobilize, mobilization, moment, momentary, momentous, motif, motion, motionless, motive, motor, motorboat, 23 motorcycle, movable, move, movement, mover, movie, mutineer, mutinous, mutiny, promote, promotion, remote, removable, removal, remove, unmoved, unmovable mūtō (change): commute, commuter, immutable, molt, mutability, mutable, mutation, mutant, mutual, transmutation, transmute nārrō (tell): narrate, narrative, narrator nascor (be born): cognate, innate, international, naive, natal, pre-natal, nation, national, nationalism, nationalistic, native, nativity, natural, naturalist, naturalization, nature, preternatural, puny, renaissance, supernatural, unnatural nāvigō (sail): navis (ship) + ago (drive) noscō (know / learn): acquaint, acquaintance, cognition, cognizance, cognizant, connoisseur, ennoble, ignoble, incognito, nobility, noble, notice, noticeable, notification, notify, notion, notoriety, notorious, notoriously, recognition, recognizable, recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, unacquainted numerō (count): q.v. numerus nuntiō (announce / report): announce, announcement, announcer, annunciation, denounce, denunciation, enunciate, enunciation, nuncio, pronounce, pronounced, pronouncement, pronunciation, renounce, renunciation, unannounced odī (hate): annoy, annoyance, ennui, noisome, odious ostendō (show): ostensible, ostentatious, parō (prepare): dissever, emperor, empire, empress, imperative, imperial, imperialism, imperialist, imperious, inseparable, irreparable, parachute, parade, parapet, parasol, pare, paring, parry, preparation, preparatory, prepare, rampart, repair, reparation, separable, separate, separation, separatist, separator, sever, several, severance, unprepared pariō (beget / give birth): parent, parentage, parental, grandparent, repertoire, postpartum pellō (drive / strike): compel, compulsion, compulsory, dispel, expel, expulsion, impel, impulse, impulsion, impulsive, peal, propel, propeller, propulsion, pulsate, pulsation, pulse, push, repeal, repel, repellent, repulse, repulsion, repulsive petō (seek): appetite, appetizer, compete, competence, competency, competent, competition, competitive, competitor, impetuous, impetuosity, incompetence, incompetent, perpetual, perpetuate, perpetuity, petition, petitioner, petulance, petulant, repeat, repetition 24 pingō (paint): depict, paint, painter, pictorial, picture, picturesque, pigment, pigmentary, pimento placeō (please): complacence, complacency, complacent, complaisance, complaisant, displease, displeasure, placid, plea, plead, pleader, pleasance, pleasant, pleasantry, please, pleasure, unpleasant plaudō (clap): applaud, applause, explode, explosive, implode, plaudit, plauditory, plausible, implausible pōnō (put / place): apposite, component, composite, composition, compost, compound, decomposition, deposit, deposition, depository, depot, disposition, exponent, exposition, expositor, expound, imposition, impost, imposter, imposture, juxtaposition, opponent, opposite, opposition, outpost, position, positive, post, postage, postal, position, postmaster, postpone, posture, predisposition, preposition, proposition, propound, provost, repository, suppository, supposition portō (carry): comport, deport, deportation, deportment, disport, export, exportation, exporter, import, importance, important, importation, importer, portable, portage, porter, porterhouse, portfolio, portly, portmanteau, purport, report, reporter, sport, sportsmanship, support, transport possum (be able): potis (powerful) + sum (be): dispossess, empower, horsepower, impossible, impossibility, impotence, impotent, omnipotent, plenipotentiary, possess, possession, possibility, possible, potent, potency, potentate, potential, power, powerful, puissance, puissant, repossess pugnō (flight): impugn, poniard, pugnacious, repugnance, repugnant pulsō (hit / strike): q.v. pellō pūniō (punish): impunity, pain, painful, penal, penalize, punish, repine, punitive, subpoena putō (think): account, accountable, accountant, amputate, amputation, computation, compute, count (v.), counter, deputation, depute, deputy, discount, disputable, disputant, disputation, dispute, disreputable, disrepute, imputation, impute, indisputable, recount, reputable, reputation, repute quaerō (ask / seek): acquire, acquisition, acquisitive, conquer, conquest, enquire, enquiry, exquisite, inquest, inquire, inquirer, inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, inquisitor, perquisite, query, quest, question, questionnaire, reconquer, request, require, requirement, requisite, requisition, unconquered, unquestionable rapiō (snatch / seize): enrapture, rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity, rapids, rapine, rapt, rapture, rapturous, ravage, ravenous, ravin, ravine, ravish, surreptitious, usurp, usurpation, usurper 25 relinquō (leave behind / abandon): relinquish, relic regō (rule): address, adroit, alert, correct, direct, directory, dirge, dirigible, dress, erect, escort, incorrect, incorrigible, indirect, insurgent, insurrection, irregular, misrule, rail, railroad, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectory, redress, regent, regency, regime, regimen, regiment, region, regional, regular, regulate, resource, resourceful, resurrection, rule, source, surge, unruly rīdeō (laugh / smile): deride, derision, derisive, ridicule, ridiculous rogō (ask): abrogate, arrogance, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogatory, interrogate, interrogation, interrogative, prerogative, rogation, surrogate saliō (jump / leap): assail, assailant, assault, desultory, exult, exultant, exultation, insult, result, resultant, salient, sally, saute, somersault salūtō (greet): q.v. salūs sapiō (be wise): insipid, sage, sapience, sapient, savant, savor, unsavory scendō (climb): ascend, ascendancy, ascension, ascent, condescend, condescension, descend, descendant, descent, reascend, scale, scan, transcend, transcendent, transcendental sciō (know): conscience, conscientious, conscious, consciousness, nice, nicety, omniscience, omniscient, plebiscite, prescience, prescient, science, scientific, scientist, subconscious, unconscious scrībō (write): ascribe, ascription, circumscribe, conscript, conscription, describe, description, descriptive, indescribable, inscribe, inscription, manuscript, postscript, prescribe, prescription, prescriptive, proscribe, proscription, rescript, scribble, scribe, scrip, script, scripture, scrivener, shrive, subscribe, subscription, transcribe, transcript, transcription sedeō (sit): assess, assessment, assessor, assiduity, assiduous, assizes, besiege, dispossess, insidious, obsess, obsession, possess, possession, possessive, possessor, preside, president, presidency, presidential, repossess, reside, residence, resident, residential, residual, residue, sedate, sedative, sedentary, sediment, sedimentary, session, siege, sizable, size, subside, subsidence, subsidiary, subsidize, subsidy, supersede, surcease sentiō (feel): assent, consent, dissension, dissent, dissenter, insensate, insensible, nonsense, presentiment, resent, resentful, resentment, scent, sensation, sensational, sense, sensibility, sensible, sensitive, sensory, sensual, sensuous, sentence, sententious, sentient, sentiment, sentimental 26 sequor (follow): consecutive, consequence, consequential, ensue, execute, execution, executioner, executive, executor, intrinsic, intrinsically, lawsuit, obsequious, persecute, persecution, persecutor, prosecute, prosecution, pursuance, pursue, pursuit, second, secondary, sect, sectarian, sectary, sequel, sequence, sequent, set, subsequent, sue, suit, suitable, suitcase, suite, unsuitable servō (save / keep): conservation, conservatism, conservative, conservatory, conserve, observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observe, preservation, preservative, preserve, reservation, reserve, reservoir spectō (watch / look at): aspect, circumspect, disrespect, expect, expectation, inspect, inspection, irrespective, perspective, prospect, prospective, prospector, respect, respectable, respectful, respective, retrospect, retrospective, spectacle, spectacles, spectral, spectroscope, spectator spērō (hope): despair, desperado, desperate, desperation spīrō (breathe): aspirant, aspiration, aspire, conspiracy, conspire, dispirit, dispirited, esprit, expiration, expire, inspiration, inspire, inspirit, perspiration, perspire, respiration, respiratory, respire, spirit, spirituous, spiritual, spiritualism, spirituality, sprite, transpire stō (stand): armistice, arrest, assist, assistance, assistant, circumstance, circumstantial, coexist, consist, consistence, consistency, consistent, consistory, constable, constancy, constant, constituency, constituent, constitute, constitution, constitutional, contrast, cost, costly, desist, destination, destine, destiny, destitute, destitution, distance, distant, equidistant, establish, estate, exist, existence, extant, inconsistency, inconsistent, inconstancy, inconstant, insist, insistence, instability, instance, instant, instantaneous, institute, institution, institutional, insubstantial, interstate, irresistible, nonexistent, obstacle, obstetrics, obstinacy, obstinate, persist, persistence, predestination, prostitute, prostitution, reconstitute, rest, resist, resistance, stable, stage, staminate, stance, stanza, state, statement, station, stationary, stationery, statist, statistical, statue, stature, stay, subsist, subsistence, substance, substantial, substantive, superstition, superstitious, transubstantiation sum (be): absence, absent, absentee, disinterested, entity, essence, essential, impossible, interest, misrepresent, nonentity, omnipresent, possible, presence, present, presentation, presentment, puissance, puissant, quintessence, represent, representative sūmō (take up / assume): assume, assumption, consume, consumer, consumption, presume, presumption, presumptive, presumptuous, reassume, resume, resumption, sumptuous superō (surpass, overcome, defeat, conquer): insuperable surgō (rise / get up): q.v. regō 27 taceō (be silent): reticence, reticent, tacit, taciturn tangō (touch): attain, attainable, attainder, attainment, attaint, contact, contagion, contagious, contaminate, contamination, contiguity, contiguous, contingency, contingent, disintegrate, disintegration, distaste, entire, intact, intangible, integral, integrate, integration, integrity, tact, tactful, tangent, tangible, taste, tasty, unattainable temptō (try / attempt): attempt, tempt, temptation, tentacle, tentative tendō (stretch): attend, attendance, attendant, attention, attentive, bartender, contend, contention, contentious, distend, entente, extend, extension, extensive, extent, inattentive, intend, intendant, intense, intensity, intent, intention, intentional, ostensible, ostensibly, ostentatious, portend, portent, portentous, pretend, pretender, pretense, pretension, pretentious, standard, standardize, superintend, superintendent, tend, tendency, tender (v.), tense (adj.), tension, tent teneō (hold): abstain, abstinence, appertain, contain, container, content, contentment, continence, continent, continental, continual, continuous, countenance, detain, detention, discontent, discontinue, entertain, entertainment, impertinence, impertinent, incontinence, lieutenant, maintain, maintenance, malcontent, obtain, obtainable, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinent, rein, retain, retainer, retention, retentive, retinue, sustain, sustenance, tenable, tenacious, tenacity, tenancy, tenant, tenantry, tenement, tennis, tenor, tenure, transcontinental terreō (frighten / scare): deter, terrible, terrific, terrify, terrorize timeō (fear): intimidate, intimidation, timid, timidity, timorous tollō (lift up): extol, intolerable, intolerance, intolerant, tolerable, tolerance, tolerant, tolerate, toleration trahō (drag): abstract, abstraction, attract, attraction, attractive, contract, contraction, detract, detractor, detraction, distract, distraction, distraught, entreat, entreaty, extract, extraction, intractable, intreat, maltreat, portrait, portraiture, portray, protract, protractor, retrace, retract, retreat, subtract, subtraction, trace, traceable, tract, tractable, traction, tractor, train, trainer, trait, treat, treatise, treatment, treaty valeō (be well / be strong): avail, available, convalescence, convalescent, equivalent, evaluate, invalid, invaluable, prevail, prevalence, prevalent, valence, valiant, valid, validity, valor, valorous, valuable, valuation, value, valedictory, valedictorian vēndō (sell): q.v. dō veniō (come): advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, convene, convenience, convenient, convent, convention, covenant, event, eventual, inconvenience, inconvenient, intervene, 28 intervention, invent, invention, inventor, inventory, misadventure, parvenu, prevent, prevention, revenue, souvenir, supervene, venture verberō (beat): reverberate vertō (turn): adversary, adverse, adversity, advertise, advertisement, animadversion, animadvert, anniversary, averse, aversion, avert, controversial, controversy, controvert, conversant, conversation, conversational, converse, conversion, convert, convertible, diverse, diversion, divert, divorce, inadvertent, incontrovertible, introvert, inverse, inversion, invert, invertebrate, perverse, perversion, pervert, prosaic, prose, reversal, reverse, reversion, revert, subversion, subvert, suzerain, suzerainty, transverse, traverse, universal, universe, varsity, versatile, versatility, verse, versification, version, vertebral, vertebrate, vertical vexō (annoy / trouble): vex, vexation, vexatious videō (see): advice, advisable, advise, advisor, advisory, enviable, envious, envy, evidence, evident, improvidence, improvident, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inadvisable, interview, invidious, invisible, jurisprudence, preview, provide, providence, provident, provision, provisional, proviso, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, review, revise, revision, revisit, revue, supervise, supervision, survey, surveyor, television, view, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visit, visitor, visor, vista, visual, visualize vincō (conquer / defeat): convict, conviction, convince, evince, invincible, vanquish, victorious, victory vīsitō (visit): q.v. videō vituperō (scold): vituperate, vituperative vīvō (live): convivial, revival, revive, survival, survive, viand, victual, vital, vitality, vitamin, vivacious, vivacity, vive, vivid, vivify vocō (call): q.v. vox volō, āre (fly, rush): volatile, volley volō, velle (wish): benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, volition, voluntary, volunteer volvō (roll): convolution, counterrevolution, devolve, devolution, evolution, evolutionary, evolve, involve, revolt, revolution, revolutionary, revolve, vault, voluble, volume, voluminous vulnerō (wound): vulnerable, invulnerable 29 LATIN NUMERALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: ūnus (one): disunite, onion, reunion, reunite, unanimous, unicorn, unification, uniform, union, unionist, unique, unison, unit, unite, unity, universal, universe duo (two): deuce, double, doublet, dozen, dual, dualism, duet, duplicate, duplicity, redouble trēs (three): tertiary, travail, travel, traveler, treble, trellis, triangle, triangular, tricolor, trident, triennial, trillion, trinity, trio, tripartite, triple, triplicate, triumvirate, trivet, trivial, triviality quattuor (four): foursquare, quadrangle, quadrant, quadratic, quadrilateral, quadruple, quarantine, quarry, quart, quarter, quarterback, quarterly, quartermaster, quartet, squad, squadron, square quīnque (five): quintessence, quintessential sex (six): semester, siesta, sextillion septem (seven): September, septuagenarian, Septuagint, septillion octo (eight): October, octave, octillion, octogenarian, octoped novem (nine): November, noon decem (ten): December, decimal, decimate, dicker, dime, dozen centum (one hundred): cent, centigrade, centimeter, centipede, centurion, century, centennial, bicentennial, percent, percentage mīlle (one thousand): mil, mile, mileage, milestone, millennium, millimeter, million, millionaire LATIN ADVERBS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: clam (secretly): clandestine crās (tomorrow): procrastinate frūstrā (in vain): frustrate, frustrated iterum (again): iterate, iteration, reiterate paene (almost): peninsula ubīque (everywhere): ubiquitous 30 LATIN PREPOSITIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: ā/ab (away from): abstain ad (to/toward): addition ante (before): advance, advancement, advantage, ancient, anterior, antics, antiquarian, antiquated, antique, antiquity, avaunt, disadvantage, disadvantageous, vamp, vanguard, vantage, antecedent circum (around): circumnavigate contrā (against): contradict, contrary, contrast, counter, country, encounter cum (with): convocation dē (about/down from): descend ē/ex (out of/from): extend extrā (outside of): extraterrestrial, estrange, external, extraneous, extravagant, extreme, extremist, strange, stranger in (in/into): invoke inter (between): interstate intrā (within): intramural per (through): perambulate post (after): postpone prō (for/on behalf of): provide sine (without): sinecure sub (under): submarine super (above): supersede trāns (across): transport 31 GREEK WORDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: aeido / αειδω (to sing): comedy, melody, ode, parody, prosody, psalmody, rhapsody, tragedy ago / αγω (to lead, bring): demagogue, pedagogue, pedant, pedantic, stratagem, strategic, synagogue agon / αγων (contest, struggle): agony, antagonist, antagonize algos / αλγος (pain): analgesic, neuralgia, nostalgia allos / αλλος (another): allegory, parallel, parallelogram angelos / (messenger): angel, evangelical, evangelist anthropos / ανθρωπος (man): anthropoid, anthropologist, anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropist archo / αρχω (to lead, rule, be the first, begin): anarchy, archaeology, archaic, archangel, archbishop, archipelago, architecture, architrave, archive, archon, hierarchy, monarch, oligarch, patriarch aster / αστηρ (star): asteroid, astrolabe, astrology, astronomy, disaster autos / αυτος (self): authentic, auto, autobiography, autocracy, autograph, automatic, automobile, autonomy baino / βαινω (to walk, step): acrobat, basal, base, baseboard, basement, baseball, diabetes ballo / βαλλω (throw): devil, diabolic, emblem, hyperbole, metabolism, parable, parabola, parlance, parley, parliament, parlor, parole, problem, symbol biblos / βιβλος: (book): Bible, bibliography, bibliophile, bibliophobe bios / βιος (life): amphibian, autobiography, biography, biology, biomass, microbe gamos / γαμος (wedding, marriage): bigamy, polygamy, monogamous genos / γενος: (race, offspring, kind): cosmogony, cyanogen, genealogy, genesis, genetic, heterogeneous, homogeneous, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen ge / γη (earth): apogee, geography, geology, geometry, geocentric, geomorphic gignosko / γιγνωσκω (to come to know, recognize): diagnose, physiognomy, prognostic grapho / γραφω (to draw, write, describe): autograph, bibliography, biography, diagram, 32 engraft, epigram, geography, glamorous, graft, grammar, gramophone, graph, kilogram, orthography, paragraph, photograph, telegram demos / δημος (the people): demagogue, democracy, epidemic didomi / διδωμι (to give): anecdote, antidote, dose, apodosis, overdose, Pandora dokeo / δοκεω (to think, have an opinion): dogma, doxology, heterodox, orthodox, paradox heteros / ἑτερος (the other, different): heterodox, heterogeneous ergon / εργον (work, action): argon, energy, liturgy, surgeon, synergy, ergonomics echo / εχω (to have, hold): epoch, eunuch, hectic, scheme, sketch zao / ζαω (live): zodiac, zoo theomai / θεαομαι (to behold): amphitheater, theorem, theory theos / θεος (god): apotheosis, atheist, enthusiasm, pantheon, theology hippos / ἱππος (horse): hippodrome, hippopotamus histemi / ἱστηµΙ (to stand, to make to stand): apostasy, ecstasy, rheostat, stadium, static idein / ιδειν (to see): idea, ideal, idealism, ideology, kaleidoscope kaio / καιω (to kindle, burn): calm, caustic, cauterize, holocaust, ink kosmos / κοσμος (order, universe, ornament): cosmetic, cosmic, cosmogony, cosmos, cosmopolitan krateo / κρατεω (to rule, control): aristocracy, autocrat, bureaucracy, democracy, plutocracy krypto / κρυπτω (to hide): apocryphal, crypt, grotesque, grotto lambano / λαμβανω (to take, seize, assume): dilemma, epilepsy, narcolepsy, syllable lego / λεγω (to pick, gather, speak): anthology, catalogue, dialect, eclogue, lexicon logos / λογος (word, speech, reasoning): analogy, anthropology, apology, archaeology, dialogue, logic, genealogy, monologue, syllogism micros / μικρος (little, small): microbe, microcosm, microscope misos / μισος (hatred): misanthrope, misogamy, misology, misoneism monos / μονος (alone): minister, monarch, monastery, monk, monocle, monogram, 33 monolith, monopoly, monotone, monoxide, monogamous nomos / νομος (custom, law, principle): astronomy, autonomy, binominal, economy oikos / (house, household): diocese, economy, parish, parochial hodos / ὁδος (road, way): electrode, episode, exodus, method, period, synod homos / ὁμος (one and the same, like): anomalous, homily, homogeneous οnoma / ονομα (name): anonymous, antonym, synonym oxys / οξυς (sharp, keen): dioxide, oxidize, oxygen, peroxide, oxymoron orthos / ορθος (straight, right, correct): orthodox, orthography pais / παις (child): encyclopedia, pedagogue, pedant, pedantry, pediatrician, encyclopedia pas / πας (every, entire, all): panacea, pancreas, panegyric, panoply, panorama, pantheon, pantomime, panhellenism pathos / παθος (feeling): antipathy, apathy, pathetic, pathos, sympathy petra / πετρα (rock, stone): parsley, petrify, petroleum phagein / (to eat): esophagus, sarcophagus sarx / σαρξ (flesh): sarcasm, sarcophagus skopeo / σκοπεω (behold, examine, inspect, consider): bishop, Episcopal, horoscope, microscope, skeptic sophos / σοφος (wise): philosophy, sophist, sophisticated, sophomore strepho / στρεφω (turn about, twist): apostrophe, catastrophe, strap, strophe teino / τεινω (stretch out, strain): attune, hypotenuse, intonation, monotony, tendon, tetanus, tune temno / τεμνω (cut, divide): anatomy, appendectomy, atom, epitome, tome theomai / (to behold): amphitheater, theorem, theory tithemi / τιθημι (to put, place): anathema, antithesis, apothecary, epithet, hypothesis, synthetic, theme, thesis, synthesis hydor / ὑδωρ (water): carbohydrate, dropsy, formaldehyde, hydra, hydrangea, hydrant, hydraulic, hydrochloric, hydrogen 34 cheir / χειρ (hand): surgeon, surgery chronos / χρονος (time): chronic, chronicle, chronology, crony, synchronize GREEK PREFIXES & PREPOSITIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES: a-, an- (without): abyss, anarchy, amorphous, atrophy amphi- (around): amphibious, amphitheater ana- (up, back): analyze, anatomy anti-, ant- (against): antipathy, antagonist apo- (from, away from): apostle, apostrophe cata- (down): catastrophe, category, cathedral dis-, di- (twice): disyllabic, diphthong dia- (through): diagonal, diameter dys- (ill, bad): dysentery, dyspepsia, dyslexia, dysphasia ec-, ex- (from, out of): eccentric, exodus en-, em- (in, on): energy, emphasis epi-, ep- (upon): epidemic, epoch eu-, ev- (well): eulogy, evangelist, eugenics, euphoria, euthanasia hemi- (half): hemisphere hyper- (above, overly): hyperbole, hypercritical, hyperglycemia, hyperactive hypo- (under): hypotenuse, hypothesis, hypoglycemia, hypodermic meta- (after, beyond): metamorphosis, metaphor para-, par- (beside): paraphrase, parallel peri- (around): perimeter, periphery syn-, syl-, sym-, sy- (together): synopsis, syllable, symmetry, system 35