ESR PDF - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

28/11/1443 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate By Abdulfatah albakkosh Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the measure of ability of erythrocytes (red blood cell) to fall through the blood plasma and accumulate together at the base of container in one hour. •...

28/11/1443 Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate By Abdulfatah albakkosh Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) • Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the measure of ability of erythrocytes (red blood cell) to fall through the blood plasma and accumulate together at the base of container in one hour. • Red blood cells are negatively charged under normal conditions, so they resist rather than accumulate. Red blood cells often settle slowly. A higherthan-normal rate might be an indication of inflammation in the body. • There are two methods : 1- Wintrobe method 2- Westergren method • Normal range is ( 0–10 mm/hour ( hr) for males ) ( 0–20 mm/hr for females.) 1 28/11/1443 Principle : • When red cells are allowed to settle from their plasma , the speed of their fall is known as the Sedimentation rate . • It is a measure of the suspension stability of red cells it indirectly measures an increase in fibrinogen and serum globulin, an increase in either of these results in an increased ESR. • Red cells divide into three stages: • 1 - initial period of aggregation: - Rouleaux forms and sedimentation take around 10 minutes. • 2- Fast settling stage: - The settling rate is stable; the majority of the settling happens at this stage; lasts for about 40 minutes. • 3- packing stage : Continues for 10 minutes. Reagents, Equipment : • • • • E.S.R. citrate tube ,The citrate: blood ratio (according to the Westergren method) is 1:4 Sedimentation Tube rack patient EDTA specimen Timer. • Procedure : • • • • • • 2 Thoroughly mix blood specimen . Fill reservoir to mark. Apply pressure to the tube's opening... The blood level reached Zero. Place tube in stand and record patient name or number Set timer for one hour . At the end of 1 hour read how far RBCs have settled and report in mm/ hr . 28/11/1443 3 28/11/1443 Causes of Raised ESR : • Bacterial Infection • Rheumatoid arthritis, …. • Chronic renal diseases • cancers , ………… Falsely lowered ESR level : • Sickle cell anemia • Spherocytosis • Polycythemia 4