Master the Art of Blood Collection

<p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>12.0 - 15.5 g/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transports oxygen from the body's tissues to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the purpose of using anticoagulants in blood collection?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent blood from clotting and ensure accurate test results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Which type of blood tube is used for a complete blood picture?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EDTA tube.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the effect of excess EDTA on blood cells?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction in PCV, increase in MCHC, shrinkage of RBCs and leukocytes, and swelling of platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the most common anticoagulant used in coagulation tests?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trisodium citrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the normal range for hemoglobin in males?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13.5 – 17.5 g/dl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is anemia?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition characterized by a reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the role of EDTA in blood collection?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EDTA is an anticoagulant that binds to calcium molecules in the blood to prevent coagulation, and it is used in all haematological procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the function of sodium citrate in coagulation tests?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium citrate prevents blood clotting by binding to the calcium in the blood, and it is the anticoagulant of choice for coagulation tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the normal range for haemoglobin in males and females?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The normal range for haemoglobin in males is 13.5 – 17.5 g/dl, and in females, it is 12.0 - 15.5 g/dl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the effects of excessive EDTA on blood cells?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive EDTA can lead to a reduction in PCV, an increase in MCHC, shrinkage of RBCs and leukocytes, and swelling of platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the concentration of heparin used in blood collection?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparin may be used at a concentration of 15–30 iu/ml of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the stability of blood samples for different tests?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For several tests, such as the complete blood count (CBC) and platelet count, the sample stability may be maintained for up to 24 hours at 4 C. Blood should be processed within three hours of collection if peripheral blood smears are to be performed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro-method using capillary tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To measure the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticoagulated venous blood or capillary blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red coded</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 15,000 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold the tube against the scale so that the bottom of the plasma corresponds to the card's O (zero) line</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Straight and vertical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The HCT value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro-method, because it results in better red cell packing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-3 drops of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Venous blood is collected in heparinized tubes, and blood obtained from finger puncture is collected in non-heparinized tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Speed of around 15,000 RPM and centrifugation lasts for 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To hold the tube against the scale so that the top of the RBC column corresponds to the card's O (zero) line</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least 50% of the capillary tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 8,000 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent coagulation of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent air bubbles from forming</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro-method because it results in better red cell packing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capillary blood tubes that are anticoagulated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To cover the capillary tube end during centrifugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>15,000 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To read the hematocrit value</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Free and low-pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematocrit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anticoagulant used</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro-method results in better red cell packing</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is hematocrit or PCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematocrit or PCV is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV are: 1. Macro-method using Wintrobe tubes 2. Micro-method using capillary tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why is the micro-method more popular for measuring PCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The micro-method is more popular for measuring PCV because it results in better red cell packing and takes less time for centrifugation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the requirement for a blood sample for micro-hematocrit method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement for a blood sample for micro-hematocrit method is venous blood or capillary blood tubes (blood from a finger puncture may be used) that are anticoagulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the two types of capillary tubes used in micro-hematocrit method and how long are they?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two types of capillary tubes used in micro-hematocrit method are use capillary tubes for anticoagulated venous blood and use heparinised capillary tubes for blood obtained from a finger puncture. They are 75 mm long.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the difference between heparinized and non-heparinized capillary tubes?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparinized tubes are red coded, and non-heparinized are blue coded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is a micro hematocrit centrifuge and what is its speed?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A micro hematocrit centrifuge is a special type of centrifuge with a speed of around 15,000 RPM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the function of the hematocrit reader?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The function of the hematocrit reader is to hold the capillary tube against the scale so that the bottom of the red cell corresponds to the card's O (zero) line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the procedure for filling the capillary tube in micro-hematocrit method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The capillary tube should be filled to a length of 75%, and its other end should be closed with clay or wax. Samples of blood should be as fresh as possible and well mixed. The blood flow should be free and low-pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How long is the centrifugation process in micro-hematocrit method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The centrifugation process in micro-hematocrit method lasts for five minutes at a speed of 13,000+ 2,000 rpm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the procedure for reading the micro-hematocrit value?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tube should be straight and vertical and moved across the card until the uppermost line of plasma is matched to 100% of the card. The line that passes through the HCT value is given by the HCT value at the top of the RBC column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the advantage of using the micro-method for measuring PCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The advantage of using the micro-method for measuring PCV is that it requires a small amount of blood and centrifugation lasts less time, resulting in better red cell packing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is hematocrit or PCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematocrit or PCV is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV are the Macro-method using Wintrobe tubes and the Micro-method using capillary tubes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why is Micro-method more popular?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micro-method is more popular because it results in better red cell packing and centrifugation lasts less time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the requirement for the blood sample in Micro-Hematocrit Method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The requirement for the blood sample in Micro-Hematocrit Method is venous blood or capillary blood tubes that are anticoagulated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What type of capillary tubes should be used for blood obtained from finger puncture?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heparinised capillary tubes should be used for blood obtained from finger puncture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the length of capillary tubes required for Micro-Hematocrit Method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The length of capillary tubes required for Micro-Hematocrit Method is 75 mm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the function of clay in Micro-Hematocrit Method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clay is used to cover the capillary tube end in Micro-Hematocrit Method.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the required speed of Micro hematocrit centrifuge?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The required speed of Micro hematocrit centrifuge is around 15,000 RPM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the time required for centrifugation in Micro-Hematocrit Method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time required for centrifugation in Micro-Hematocrit Method is five minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the function of Hematocrit Reader?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hematocrit Reader is used to hold the tube against the scale so that the bottom of the red cell corresponds to the card's O (zero) line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the procedure for using Hematocrit Reader?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The procedure for using Hematocrit Reader involves moving the tube across the card until the uppermost line of plasma is matched to 100% of the card and the line that passes through the HCT value is given by the HCT value at the top of the RBC column.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the recommended blood sample quality for Micro-Hematocrit Method?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The recommended blood sample quality for Micro-Hematocrit Method is fresh and well mixed blood with free and low-pressure flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0-10 mm/hr and 0-20 mm/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speed of fall of red cells from their plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1:4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 10 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fast settling stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Westergren method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevents blood from clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Holds the ESR citrate tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevents blood from clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0-20 mm/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measure of fibrinogen and serum globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rouleaux formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ESR citrate tube, sedimentation tube rack, patient specimen, timer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inflammation in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wintrobe method</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1:4</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sickle cell anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocyte sedimentation rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spherocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean cell volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>32-36gm/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microcytic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MCV = Htc x 1000/RBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean corpuscular hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What are the three erythrocyte indices used to classify anemia?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three erythrocyte indices used to classify anemia are mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the normal range for MCV?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The normal range for MCV is 80-100 femtoliters (fl).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What is the formula for calculating MCHC?</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula for calculating MCHC is MCHC=Hb/Htc, where Hb is the concentration of hemoglobin in grams per deciliter and Htc is the hematocrit in liters per liter.</p> Signup and view all the answers