157 Questions
What is the purpose of anticoagulant in blood collection?
To prevent blood clotting
Which anticoagulant is commonly used in coagulation tests?
Sodium citrate
What is the effect of excess EDTA on blood cells?
Shrinkage of RBCs
Which anticoagulant causes morphologic distortion of platelets and WBCs?
Heparin
What is the normal range for haemoglobin in females?
12.0 - 15.5 g/dl
What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?
Transports oxygen from the body's tissues to the lungs
Which anticoagulant is used in a special test called osmotic fragility test?
Heparin
Question 1
What is the purpose of using anticoagulants in blood collection?
Answer 1
To prevent blood from clotting and ensure accurate test results.
Question 2
Which type of blood tube is used for a complete blood picture?
Answer 2
EDTA tube.
Question 3
What is the effect of excess EDTA on blood cells?
Answer 3
Reduction in PCV, increase in MCHC, shrinkage of RBCs and leukocytes, and swelling of platelets.
Question 4
What is the most common anticoagulant used in coagulation tests?
Answer 4
Trisodium citrate.
Question 5
What is the normal range for hemoglobin in males?
Answer 5
13.5 – 17.5 g/dl.
Question 6
What is anemia?
Answer 6
A condition characterized by a reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.
Question 7
What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
Answer 7
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and return carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
Question 1
What is the role of EDTA in blood collection?
Answer 1
EDTA is an anticoagulant that binds to calcium molecules in the blood to prevent coagulation, and it is used in all haematological procedures.
Question 2
What is the function of sodium citrate in coagulation tests?
Answer 2
Sodium citrate prevents blood clotting by binding to the calcium in the blood, and it is the anticoagulant of choice for coagulation tests.
Question 3
What is the normal range for haemoglobin in males and females?
Answer 3
The normal range for haemoglobin in males is 13.5 – 17.5 g/dl, and in females, it is 12.0 - 15.5 g/dl.
Question 4
What are the effects of excessive EDTA on blood cells?
Answer 4
Excessive EDTA can lead to a reduction in PCV, an increase in MCHC, shrinkage of RBCs and leukocytes, and swelling of platelets.
Question 5
What is the concentration of heparin used in blood collection?
Answer 5
Heparin may be used at a concentration of 15–30 iu/ml of blood.
Question 6
What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?
Answer 6
Haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
Question 7
What is the stability of blood samples for different tests?
Answer 7
For several tests, such as the complete blood count (CBC) and platelet count, the sample stability may be maintained for up to 24 hours at 4 C. Blood should be processed within three hours of collection if peripheral blood smears are to be performed.
Which method is currently more popular for direct measurement of PCV?
Micro-method using capillary tubes
What is the purpose of hematocrit or PCV?
To measure the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume
What is the requirement for the blood sample used in the micro-hematocrit method?
Anticoagulated venous blood or capillary blood
What is the length of the capillary tube used in the micro-hematocrit method?
75 mm
What is the color of heparinized tubes used in the micro-hematocrit method?
Red coded
What is the speed of the micro-hematocrit centrifuge?
Around 15,000 RPM
What is used to cover the capillary tube end in the micro-hematocrit method?
Clay
What is the recommended length for filling the capillary tube in the micro-hematocrit method?
75%
How long does the centrifugation last in the micro-hematocrit method?
5 minutes
What is the purpose of the hematocrit reader in the micro-hematocrit method?
To hold the tube against the scale so that the bottom of the plasma corresponds to the card's O (zero) line
What is the recommended position of the capillary tube during the reading in the micro-hematocrit method?
Straight and vertical
What is the value given by the HCT value at the top of the RBC column in the micro-hematocrit method?
The HCT value
Which method is more popular for direct measurement of PCV and why?
Micro-method, because it results in better red cell packing
What is the purpose of hematocrit or PCV?
To determine the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume
What is the requirement for blood sample in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
2-3 drops of blood
What type of tubes are used for anticoagulated venous blood and blood obtained from finger puncture, respectively?
Venous blood is collected in heparinized tubes, and blood obtained from finger puncture is collected in non-heparinized tubes
What is the length of the capillary tubes used in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
75 mm
What is the speed of Micro hematocrit centrifuge and how long does it take for centrifugation?
Speed of around 15,000 RPM and centrifugation lasts for 5 minutes
What is used to cover the capillary tube end in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Clay
What is the purpose of the Hematocrit Reader in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
To hold the tube against the scale so that the top of the RBC column corresponds to the card's O (zero) line
What is the ideal length of the blood sample used in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
At least 50% of the capillary tube
How long should be the centrifugation in Macro-method using Wintrobe tubes?
15 minutes
What is the ideal speed of centrifugation in Macro-method using Wintrobe tubes?
Around 8,000 RPM
What is the purpose of using heparinized capillary tubes for blood obtained from finger puncture in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
To prevent coagulation of blood
What is the purpose of using clay to cover the capillary tube end in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
To prevent air bubbles from forming
Which method is more popular for direct measurement of PCV and why?
Micro-method because it results in better red cell packing
What is the requirement for blood sample collection in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Capillary blood tubes that are anticoagulated
What is the length of the capillary tubes used in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
75 mm
What is the color of heparinized tubes used in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Red
What is the purpose of clay in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
To cover the capillary tube end during centrifugation
What is the speed of the Micro hematocrit centrifuge used in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
15,000 RPM
How long does centrifugation last in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
5 minutes
What is the purpose of the hematocrit reader in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
To read the hematocrit value
What is the recommended length to fill the capillary tube in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
75%
What is the ideal blood flow for sample collection in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Free and low-pressure
What is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume called?
Hematocrit
What is the difference between heparinized and non-heparinized capillary tubes in the Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Anticoagulant used
What is the advantage of the Micro-method over the Macro-method in the direct measurement of PCV?
Micro-method results in better red cell packing
Question 1
What is hematocrit or PCV?
Answer 1
Hematocrit or PCV is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume.
Question 2
What are the two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV?
Answer 2
The two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV are: 1. Macro-method using Wintrobe tubes 2. Micro-method using capillary tubes.
Question 3
Why is the micro-method more popular for measuring PCV?
Answer 3
The micro-method is more popular for measuring PCV because it results in better red cell packing and takes less time for centrifugation.
Question 4
What is the requirement for a blood sample for micro-hematocrit method?
Answer 4
The requirement for a blood sample for micro-hematocrit method is venous blood or capillary blood tubes (blood from a finger puncture may be used) that are anticoagulated.
Question 5
What are the two types of capillary tubes used in micro-hematocrit method and how long are they?
Answer 5
The two types of capillary tubes used in micro-hematocrit method are use capillary tubes for anticoagulated venous blood and use heparinised capillary tubes for blood obtained from a finger puncture. They are 75 mm long.
Question 6
What is the difference between heparinized and non-heparinized capillary tubes?
Answer 6
Heparinized tubes are red coded, and non-heparinized are blue coded.
Question 7
What is a micro hematocrit centrifuge and what is its speed?
Answer 7
A micro hematocrit centrifuge is a special type of centrifuge with a speed of around 15,000 RPM.
Question 8
What is the function of the hematocrit reader?
Answer 8
The function of the hematocrit reader is to hold the capillary tube against the scale so that the bottom of the red cell corresponds to the card's O (zero) line.
Question 9
What is the procedure for filling the capillary tube in micro-hematocrit method?
Answer 9
The capillary tube should be filled to a length of 75%, and its other end should be closed with clay or wax. Samples of blood should be as fresh as possible and well mixed. The blood flow should be free and low-pressure.
Question 10
How long is the centrifugation process in micro-hematocrit method?
Answer 10
The centrifugation process in micro-hematocrit method lasts for five minutes at a speed of 13,000+ 2,000 rpm.
Question 11
What is the procedure for reading the micro-hematocrit value?
Answer 11
The tube should be straight and vertical and moved across the card until the uppermost line of plasma is matched to 100% of the card. The line that passes through the HCT value is given by the HCT value at the top of the RBC column.
Question 12
What is the advantage of using the micro-method for measuring PCV?
Answer 12
The advantage of using the micro-method for measuring PCV is that it requires a small amount of blood and centrifugation lasts less time, resulting in better red cell packing.
Question 1
What is hematocrit or PCV?
Answer 1
Hematocrit or PCV is the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume.
Question 2
What are the two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV?
Answer 2
The two methods currently used for direct measurement of PCV are the Macro-method using Wintrobe tubes and the Micro-method using capillary tubes.
Question 3
Why is Micro-method more popular?
Answer 3
Micro-method is more popular because it results in better red cell packing and centrifugation lasts less time.
Question 4
What is the requirement for the blood sample in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Answer 4
The requirement for the blood sample in Micro-Hematocrit Method is venous blood or capillary blood tubes that are anticoagulated.
Question 5
What type of capillary tubes should be used for blood obtained from finger puncture?
Answer 5
Heparinised capillary tubes should be used for blood obtained from finger puncture.
Question 6
What is the length of capillary tubes required for Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Answer 6
The length of capillary tubes required for Micro-Hematocrit Method is 75 mm.
Question 7
What is the function of clay in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Answer 7
Clay is used to cover the capillary tube end in Micro-Hematocrit Method.
Question 8
What is the required speed of Micro hematocrit centrifuge?
Answer 8
The required speed of Micro hematocrit centrifuge is around 15,000 RPM.
Question 9
What is the time required for centrifugation in Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Answer 9
The time required for centrifugation in Micro-Hematocrit Method is five minutes.
Question 10
What is the function of Hematocrit Reader?
Answer 10
Hematocrit Reader is used to hold the tube against the scale so that the bottom of the red cell corresponds to the card's O (zero) line.
Question 11
What is the procedure for using Hematocrit Reader?
Answer 11
The procedure for using Hematocrit Reader involves moving the tube across the card until the uppermost line of plasma is matched to 100% of the card and the line that passes through the HCT value is given by the HCT value at the top of the RBC column.
Question 12
What is the recommended blood sample quality for Micro-Hematocrit Method?
Answer 12
The recommended blood sample quality for Micro-Hematocrit Method is fresh and well mixed blood with free and low-pressure flow.
What is the measure of the ability of erythrocytes to fall through blood plasma and accumulate together at the base of a container in one hour?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
What is the normal range for ESR in males and females, respectively?
0-10 mm/hr and 0-20 mm/hr
What is the principle behind ESR measurement?
The speed of fall of red cells from their plasma
What is the normal ratio of citrate to blood in ESR measurement according to the Westergren method?
1:4
What is the duration of the initial period of aggregation during ESR measurement?
Around 10 minutes
During which stage of red cell division does the majority of settling happen?
Fast settling stage
What is the cause of a higher-than-normal ESR rate?
Inflammation in the body
Which method of ESR measurement is commonly used?
Westergren method
What is the cause of a falsely lowered ESR level?
Sickle cell anemia
What is the function of ESR citrate tube in ESR measurement?
Prevents blood from clotting
What is the function of sedimentation tube rack in ESR measurement?
Holds the ESR citrate tube
What is the function of EDTA specimen in ESR measurement?
Prevents blood from clotting
What is the measure of the ability of erythrocytes to fall through blood plasma and accumulate together at the base of a container in one hour?
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
What is the normal range of ESR for females?
0-20 mm/hr
What is the principle behind ESR measurement?
Measure of fibrinogen and serum globulin
What is the initial period of aggregation in red cells called?
Rouleaux formation
What is the equipment required for ESR measurement?
ESR citrate tube, sedimentation tube rack, patient specimen, timer
What is a possible cause of a higher-than-normal ESR rate?
Inflammation in the body
Which of the following is a method for ESR measurement?
Wintrobe method
What is the ratio of citrate to blood in the ESR citrate tube according to the Westergren method?
1:4
Which of the following is a possible cause of falsely lowered ESR levels?
Sickle cell anemia
What is the duration of the fast settling stage in red cells?
40 minutes
Which of the following is a chronic disease that can cause a raised ESR level?
Cancer
What is the measure of the suspension stability of red cells?
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Which of the following is a possible cause of falsely raised ESR levels?
Spherocytosis
Which erythrocyte index is used to classify anemia?
Mean cell volume
What is the normal range of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration?
32-36gm/dL
Which classification of erythrocyte is characterized by an MCV of less than 80fl?
Microcytic
What is the formula for calculating mean cell volume?
MCV = Htc x 1000/RBC
Which erythrocyte index measures the average weight of hemoglobin in individual erythrocytes?
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
Question 1
What are the three erythrocyte indices used to classify anemia?
Answer 1
The three erythrocyte indices used to classify anemia are mean cell volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).
Question 2
What is the normal range for MCV?
Answer 2
The normal range for MCV is 80-100 femtoliters (fl).
Question 3
What is the formula for calculating MCHC?
Answer 3
The formula for calculating MCHC is MCHC=Hb/Htc, where Hb is the concentration of hemoglobin in grams per deciliter and Htc is the hematocrit in liters per liter.
Test your knowledge on blood tubes and anticoagulants with this informative quiz! Learn about the different types of sample tubes, their colours and their specific uses. From EDTA tubes for complete blood pictures to plain tubes for biochemistry and serology tests, this quiz covers it all. Sharpen your understanding of anticoagulants and their role in preserving blood samples for accurate testing. Take this quiz and become an expert on blood collection methods!
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