Earth Science for STEM Quarter 1 – Module 13: Different Types of Waste PDF

Earth Science for Stem Quarter 1 – Module 13: Different Types of Waste CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 Earth Science for STEM Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 13: Different Types of Waste First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states...

Earth Science for Stem Quarter 1 – Module 13: Different Types of Waste CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 Earth Science for STEM Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 – Module 13: Different Types of Waste First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Rowena D. Cabanding Editors: Ferdinand M. De Castro, Aida C. Gutierrez Reviewers: Mark Anthony P. Lagumen, Ma. Ruby A. Mendoza, Rebecca R. Pagcaliwagan, Blandine B. Baybay, Cyrus T. Festijo, Rowena D. Cabanding Illustrator: Lallie C. Buensalida Layout Artist: Annaliza Q. Aviles Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape Jr. Ramonito O. Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Sacoro R. Comia Fe M. Fallurin Marieta N. Perez Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 Earth Science for STEM Quarter 3 – Module 13: Different Types of Waste Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. define waste, 2. classify kinds of waste, 3. describe how people generate different types of waste, as they make use of various materials and resources in everyday life and 4. cite several measures of waste management. 1 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of these terms refer to the unwanted substances needed to disposed? A. compost B. plastic C. solid waste D. waste 2. Approximately, how many years does it take for a plastic bottle to break down? A. 150 B. 450 C. 700 D. 1000 3. Containers, jars and bottles are examples of what type of waste? A. hazardous waste B. liquid waste C. organic waste D. solid waste 4. Which of the following is an example of hazardous waste? A. bottle B. batteries C. meat D. paper 5. Farmers regularly used pesticides in their farms; they considered pesticides as what type of waste? A. agricultural waste B. fishery waste C. industrial waste D. municipal waste 6. Jose is an advocate of proper waste disposal and encourages other students to practice recycling. Will you help Jose identify which of the following items can be recycled? A. aluminum cans B. card boards C. paper cups D. All of the above 2 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 7. People in the community strictly followed the local government ordinances when it comes to waste management. Which color of garbage bag do they use for non-recyclable waste? A. black B. blue C. green D. yellow 8. In the XYZ power plant, dissolution of radioactive nuclides is processed and filtered to the atmosphere. What type of waste is being generated by the power plant? A. biomedical waste B. gaseous waste C. liquid waste D. solid waste 9. Substances that are unsafe to use commercially are considered hazardous. Which of the following is NOT a property of hazardous waste? A. corrosive B. malleable C. reactive D. toxic 10. When classifying waste at home, Jana knows that ______________ is a solid waste and ________________ is a liquid waste. A. bottle, detergent B. can, plastic bag C. bottle, tin can D. egg shell, steel 11. What type of waste is commonly found in coastal and estuarine areas? A. E-waste B. fishery waste C. municipal waste D. radioactive waste 12. What is E-waste? A. eco-friendly waste B. hazardous chemical waste C. obsolete electronically waste D. waste from nuclear power plant 3 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 13. In times of Covid-19 pandemic, many people used facemasks to protect themselves. As a responsible citizen, disposable facemasks should be put in a ___________________ container. A. hazardous waste B. liquid waste C. organic waste D. solid waste 14. Dealing with waste management is a very important task because of the ___________________. A. infrastructure consideration B. large volume of waste produced in the community C. environmental pollution D. all of the above 15. Which is the appropriate definition of hazardous waste? A. Only liquid wastes that is considered toxic and chemically reactive B. Only solid waste that is considered toxic and chemically reactive C. Any solid, liquid or gaseous waste that is considered toxic and chemically reactive D. Only gaseous waste that is considered toxic and chemically reactive 4 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  Lesson How People Generate 13 Different Types of Waste Figure 1 Waste is an issue in different parts of the world since waste quantities are generally growing. Waste is generated by human activities in all economic sectors and is definitely regarded as an unavoidable by-product of economic activities. The generation of waste reflects loss of materials and energy and imposes economic costs on society for its collection, treatment and disposal. In the Philippines, solid waste management remains a major challenge especially in urban areas like Metro Manila. Improper waste disposal, inefficient, waste collection, and lack of disposal facilities are among the dominant concerns in the country. Unless these are addressed, the waste generated from various sources will continually lead to health hazards, and serious environmental impacts such as ground and surface water contamination, flooding, air pollution and spread of diseases. 5 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What’s In Read the paragraph and answer the given questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet. People depend on many things to satisfy their needs. They often buy packed foods, bottled drinks, canned foods, medicines, plastics, batteries, petroleum, gadgets, furniture, equipment, vehicles, and many more. These things will expire and turn out to waste in due time. These wastes can be as small as an atom and as large as a truck. Such objects are no longer useful, unwanted, defective, old, worthless, and toxic. How are these wastes classified? As an individual and responsible citizen, how are you going to get rid of these wastes? Types of Waste Waste management 1. ____________________ 1. _____________________ 2. ____________________ 2. _____________________ 3. ____________________ 3. _____________________ 4. ____________________ 4. _____________________ 5. ____________________ 5. _____________________ 6. ____________________ 6. _____________________ Notes to the Teacher It is important to use variety of approaches and activities that will keep the learners interested. It is also vital to track the progress of the learners and ask yourself whether you are meeting their needs. 6 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What’s New Based on the activity on page 5, different types of waste and several ways on waste management were highlighted. Define the following terms in your own words and write the answer in your notebook. 1. composting -___________________________________________________ 2. Landfill - _______________________________________________________ 3. 3 Rs - __________________________________________________________ 4. Biodegradable waste - ___________________________________________ 5. non-biodegradable waste - ______________________________________ Waste generations by residents in the Philippines, especially in the urban areas have accelerated recently due to fast pace industrialization, urbanization and population growth. Since incineration of solid waste is not allowed under Republic Act 9003 or also known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,” enacted on January 26, 2001; for the safety of human health and protection of environment, land filling and the 3 Rs integrated waste management method (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) are the main types of solid waste management in the country. The law also requires mandatory segregation of solid waste into containers labelled as: compostable, recyclable, non-recyclable, and special use. The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) calculated that from 37, 427.46 tons per day in 2012, the country’s waste generation steadily increased to 40,087.45 tons in 2016. On the average, each person in the country produces about 0.5 kilogram and 0.3 kilogram everyday in the urban and rural areas respectively. For Metro Manila, it is estimated that 8,636 tons of garbage is generated per day. Approximately, 0.7 kilogram of waste per person per day is added to the country’s waste due to its more modernized lifestyle. The household is the major source of waste in the Philippines at 74 percent. Figure 2 Figure 3 7 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What is It Waste Defined The United Nations Environment described wastes as unwanted or unusable materials which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law. Solid Waste Gaseous Waste Liquid Waste Kinds of Waste There are different kinds of wastes generated by the people around the world. A. Solid Waste. This type of wastes is in solid form like domestic, commercial and industrial wastes such as plastics, styrofoam, papers, scrap iron, and sludge from a wastewater treatment plant or air control facility. B. Liquid Waste. This type of wastes is in liquid form such as chemicals, oils, and waste water from ponds and manufacturing industries. It includes sewage as well as wastewater from industrial processes and agricultural processing. C. Gaseous Waste. This type of waste is in gaseous form which usually originates from chopping and dissolution operations. As an example, volatile radionuclides are discharged to the stack after scrubbing with sodium hydroxide and filtration through charcoal filter devices. Electrostatic precipitation, wet scrubbers and gaseous waste treatment are some ways of minimizing gaseous waste. 8 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  Table 1. Classifications of Waste Biodegradable Non- Hazardous Non-hazardous biodegradable These wastes These wastes Substances unsafe Substances safe to can be cannot be to use use commercially, degraded: degraded: commercially, industrially, Examples: Examples: industrially, agriculturally, and paper bottles agriculturally or economically. These woods plastics economically and substances usually fruits machines have the following create disposal cans properties: problems. ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity The main objective of waste management is to reduce the quantity and type of hazardous substances used to avoid adverse impact on human health and environment. Transformation of waste into usable secondary products can be done through recycling, reusing, repurposing, reducing, and recovering. Thus, the waste generated from different industries and societies must be classified in order to apply the correct form of management. Table 2. Wastes According to Generation (Origin) Municipal Solid Wastes Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade refuges, and others managed by any municipality. Industrial Wastes Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing and processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal, gas, sanitary, and papers. 9 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 Agricultural Wastes Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances are mostly biodegradable. Fishery Wastes Waste generated due to fishery activities like fish viscera, fish bones, and scales. These are extensively found in coastal and estuarine areas. Radioactive Wastes Wastes containing radioactive materials. These are commonly by-products of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly involved in nuclear activities may also produce some radioactive waste such as radio-isotopes and chemical sludge. E – Wastes Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic scrap components such as CRTs may contain contaminants such as lead, cadmium, and beryllium or brominated flame retardants. Biomedical Wastes Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or end products generated during diagnosis, treatment, and research activities of medical sciences. 10 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 Several wastes disposal practices in the country include concentrate and contain or also known as isolation specifically for solid waste. Landfills and dumps minimize the impact of waste in the environment. Landfill is a place to dispose waste material by burying or covering over with soil and becoming an extending usable land after a few years. Dump is an excavated piece of land for waste storage and regulated by the government. A dump is smaller than a landfill. Other useful options are composting, resource recovery and energy recovery. A. Landfill B. Dump C. Compost Pit D. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) The 3 Rs of Waste Management Reduce Reuse Recycle The best way to manage It makes economic and A series of steps that waste is not to produce environmental sense to takes a used material it: reuse products: and processes --- - Avoid disposable - Reuse products remanufactures and sells goods e.g. Paper for the same it as a new product. plates, napkins, purpose razors and lighters - Avoid over- packaged goods e.g. foil, paper, and plastics 11 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What’s More Activity 1 Copy and complete the table by classifying the types of waste produced in the community. Refer to the word pool. Suggest measures of waste management under each column. Write your answers on a separate sheet. detergent paint can grease trap diaper methane piped water sewage chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) scrap metal waste water Solid waste Liquid waste Gaseous waste Ways of Waste Management Activity 2 A. Match the example of wastes in column A to its classification in column B and proper waste disposal practices on column C. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Column A Column B Column C 1. wash water from the factory A. agricultural waste A. 3R’s 2. old newspaper B. biomedical waste B. resource recovery 3. animal manure C. e-waste C. donate 4. syringe D. fishery waste D. energy recovery 5. obsolete laptop E. industrial waste E. composting F. municipal solid waste F. dump 12 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 B. Fill in the blanks with the correct term to complete each statement. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. There are three kinds of waste generated by people all over the world namely, _______________, _______________, and ________________. 2. Waste can be classified as ______________, ______________, ________________, and ________________. 3. Solid wastes managed by the local government can be classified as __________________. 4. Wastes that serve as end-products of farming can be classified as __________________. 5. Solid or liquid wastes generated from hospitals and other medical facilities can be considered __________________. Activity 3 Title: Recycle, Reuse, Recover All You Can at Home Collect materials which are no longer useful, unwanted, old, and worthless at home. Convert these waste materials to a more useful one. Make a 3 minute Do It Yourself -Video showing how these worthless objects turn useful again. My “Do It Yourself” way is about….. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Rubric: Category Beginning Developing Accomplished (4 Exemplary (2 pts) (3 points) points) (5 points) Overall DIY video The project The project The project The project (3 min) reflects beginning reflects reflects reflects excellent understanding on developing accomplished understanding on the practice of understanding on understanding on the practice of waste the practice of the practice of waste management at waste waste management at home management at management at home home home Reflection The student The student The student The student reflection shows reflection shows reflection shows reflection shows cases of a low cases of a cases of a high cases of an level of insight moderate level of level of insight excellent level of into how learning insight into how into how learning insight into how occurred and how learning occurred occurred and how learning occurred it transformed and how it it transformed and how it learned concepts. transformed the the learned transformed the learned concepts. concepts. learned concepts. 13 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What I Have Learned A. Copy and complete each scenario with the appropriate text given in the box below. Material Recovery Facility hazardous compost pit agricultural solid fishery 1. Romeo is a Grade 11 senior high school student at ABC Integrated School. He participates in the Waste Management Program every first Friday of the month. He knows that old batteries, cellular phones, and printer cartridges contain toxic substances that may damage the ocean and landfills. Based on Romeo’s knowledge, the mentioned solid wastes are also _______________ wastes. 2. Romeo is also an incredible mentor to his community. He takes pride in teaching others to classify waste according to origin so they can properly dispose of it. He presented graphs and data of the animal waste produced in the region specifically in their locality. He emphasized that animal manure is an example of _______________ waste. 3. As an environment advocate, Romeo also initiated the coastal clean-up drive in a public beach resort. A lot of _________________ waste near the shore is filled up. The household garbage commonly found were used diapers, tin cans, plastics, and bottles. 4. When Romeo is at home, he regularly segregates waste according to its kind. He puts the recyclable materials in the Barangay’s ________________. On the other hand, he makes sure that all organic matter will be used as soil conditioner and placed in a ______________ at the backyard. B. Cite some practical ways to help manage the wastes at home and as a responsible individual how can you make a difference? Answer the question in a maximum of five sentences in a separate sheet of paper. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 14 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  What I Can Do Activity 1 “The Pen is Mightier than the Sword.” Directions: As a learner, you are challenged to advocate Zero Waste Management in your locality. You are tasked to search for a short article or produce a photo story on waste management and paste the article or a photo story on a short bond paper. Post this output outside your house, barangay hall or in any place that passers can recognize it. Take a photo while posting your output and send it to your online Portfolio/GC. Rubric: Category 5 points 4 points 3points Content Contain Contain very Contain knowledge exceptional satisfactory satisfactory ideas ideas ideas Image and Highly engaging Appropriate for Inappropriate to communication for the audience the audience the audience Information Complete Partly complete incomplete 15 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  Assessment Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What methods of waste disposal are approved by the Philippine Republic Act 9003? A. attenuation and composting B. incineration and pyrolysis C. landfills and 3 Rs D. incineration and burning 2. Paints, solvents, and cleaning agents are examples of ________ A. hazard waste B. liquid waste C. organic waste D. solid waste 3. Which of the following is an improper way of disposing waste materials? A. recycling and reusing waste materials B. using waste food to make compost C. burying waste materials in landfills D. burning rubbish in the open 4. Which type of waste includes viscera, scales, and fish bones? A. agricultural B. biomedical C. fishery waste D. municipal solid waste 5. Which of these places contribute a lot to the country’s waste? A. Region I B. Region III C. Region IV D. National Capital Region 6. Maria religiously practices segregation of waste at home. Which of these is CORRECTLY done by Maria? A. animal manure has its own septic tank B. burning of organic waste C. use the seashore as dumpsite D. throwing tin cans in the river 16 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 7. Mrs. De Chavez plans to renovate her ancestral house. She knows that construction and demolition debris can be collected by the local garbage collectors because ________________. A. It is municipal solid waste. B. It is an organic waste. C. It can be burned. D. It is non-recyclable. 8. Which of these groups of people contribute a lot in the production of waste? A. People in urban places B. People in rural areas C. People lives in the mountain D. People in a faraway island 9. When waste materials are corrosive, chemically reactive, and flammable, they are considered ____________. A. Biomedical waste B. Biodegradable waste C. Hazardous waste D. Non-biodegradable waste 10. Which of these practices adhere to the 3Rs waste management? A. Using disposable paper plates B. Using aluminum foil for food C. Using zip lock bag for sandwiches D. Using dish cloth in the kitchen 11. Wash water and rain are classified as liquid waste, while carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are gaseous waste. A. The first statement is true while the second is false. B. The first statement is false while the second is true. C. Both statements are true. D. Both statements are false. 12. Approximately, how many kilograms of waste are produced by an individual in the country per day? A. 1 kg B. 1.5 kg C. 0.5 kg D. 0.7 kg 13. Which groups of wastes belong to industrial waste? A. coal, petroleum, metals B. old CPU and flash drive C. radio isotopes and chemical sludge D. woods, manure, papers 17 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 14. When classifying waste at home, Jerry knows that ______________ is a liquid waste and ________________ is a solid waste. A. bottle, detergent B. can, plastic bag C. detergent, paper towel D. egg shell, ceramic vase 15. Carlos regularly used compost in his vegetable farm; he considered compost as what type of waste? A. agricultural waste B. non-biodegradable waste C. organic waste D. radioactive waste 18 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  Additional Activities “Practice Makes it Perfect” Directions: Search for an article from newspapers or journals describing the best practices on how other countries properly dispose of their waste materials. Paste the article on a short bond paper and write a five-sentence reflection about the article. __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Rubric: Category 5 points 4 points 3points Content Contain Contain very Contain exceptional satisfactory satisfactory practices practices practices Information complete partly complete incomplete Reflection reflection shows a reflection shows a reflection shows high level of moderate level of cases of a low insight. insight. level of insight. 19 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13  Module 13 CO_Q1_ESS SHS 20 What I Know What's In What’s More 1. D 6 types of waste Activity 1 2. D solid waste, liquid waste, Solid – paint can, diaper, 3. D gaseous waste, scrap metal 4. B biodegradable, non- 3R’s, Compost, source of 5. A 6. D biodegradable energy 7. B 6 waste management Liquid – detergent, piped 8. B compost, landfill, recycle, water, sewage, waste water, 9. B reduce, reuse, incineration grease trap 10. A Energy source, 3R’s 11. B Gaseous – CFC & methane 12. C Activity 2 13. A 14. D E, F, A, B,C 15. C Filter device, Electrostatic precipitation and wet scrubbers Gaseous waste treatment system What’s More What I Have Learned Activity 3 1. Hazardous Assessment 1.solid, liquid and 2. Agricultural 1. C gaseous 3. Solid 2. B 2.biodegradable, non- 4. MRF 3. D biodegradable, 5. Compost pit 4. C hazardous, non- 5. D hazardous 6. A 3.municipal solid waste 7. A 4.agricultural waste 8. A 5.biomedical waste 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. C Answer Key References Online Resources: Bharucha E. 2017, “Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses,” accessed on May 21, 2020, at https://www.smartprep.in Castillo, A. L. and Otoma, s. 2013, “Status of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines” University of Kitakyushu, Japan. Accessed on May 21, 2020, at jstage.jst.go.jp Miller, G. T. 2012, “Environmental Science 13th Edition,” accessed on May 21, 2020, at https://epdf.pub Senate of the Philippines 2017, “Philippine Solid Wastes at a Glance,” accessed on May 29, 2020, at senate.gov.ph “Waste Generation and Management,” accessed on May 21, 2020, at eea.europa.eu 21 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 1 CO_Q1_ESS SHS Module 13 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]