Ergonomics Introduction - General Industry

Introduction to Ergonomics 1 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup ...

Introduction to Ergonomics 1 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Introduction Lesson objectives: 1. Identify common work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). 2. Recognize risk factors associated with work-related MSDs. 3. Identify ergonomic control methods for eliminating/reducing work-related MSDs. 2 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Introduction This chart shows how MSDs compare to other hazards based on percentage of injuries and illnesses using statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, FY2014. 3 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Introduction This chart shows the incident rates of musculoskeletal disorders for selected private sector industries. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 4 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Introduction Ergonomics “The scientific discipline concerned with understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, methods and data to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance” 5 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Introduction Ergonomics means “fitting the job to the worker,” including: Work stations Tools Equipment Ergo = Work Nomos = Law 6 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Introduction Why is ergonomics important? Overexertion leading cause of injuries – Most costly – Recurring/Persistent pain may develop in future Bodily reaction is another leading cause of injuries in workplace Repetitive motion also within top 10 most common workplace injuries 7 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Common Work-Related MSDs (MSDs) Musculoskeletal Disorders Affect the muscles, nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, and tendons Symptoms − Discomfort − Burning − Pain − Swelling − Numbness − Tingling − Loss of − Inflammation motion/flexibility − Throbbing − Spasticity − Paralysis − Stiff joints 8 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Common Work-Related Common MSD MSDs disorders: – Rotator Cuff – Carpal Tunnel – Neuritis Syndrome – Reynaud’s – Tennis Elbow Syndrome – Bursitis – Trigger Finger – Ischemia – Thoracic Outlet – De Quervain’s Syndrome – Sciatica – Epicondylitis – Herniated Discs – Back – Neck strain/disability strain/disability – Tendinitis 9 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Common Work-Related MSDs Most commonly affected areas: Back Arms, Elbows, and Shoulders Neck Hands, Wrists, and Fingers Knees, Ankles, This chart shows a distribution of injuries and illnesses to body parts due to MSDs using statistics and Feet from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, FY2014. 10 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Common Work-Related MSDs Highest rate of missed days Highest incident rate Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics 11 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Risk Factors Associated with MSDs Risk factors of MSD injuries: Dependent upon: – Work positions and postures – How often task is performed – Level of required effort and duration of task 12 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Risk Factors Associated with MSDs Examples of risk factors include: – Exerting excessive force Lifting heavy objects/people Pushing or pulling heavy loads Manual pouring materials Maintaining control of equipment or tools – Performing same/similar tasks repetitively Source: OSHA 13 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Risk Factors Associated with MSDs – Working in awkward postures or same postures for long periods Prolonged/repetitive reaching above shoulder height Kneeling Squatting Leaning over a counter/bending Using a knife with wrists bent Twisting the torso while lifting – Localized pressure into the body Source: OSHA part Pressing the body/part of the body against hard or sharp edges Using the hand as a hammer 14 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Risk Factors Associated with MSDs – Cold temperatures (in combination with other risk factors) – Vibration Whole body Hand-arm – Combined exposure to several risk factors Source of graphics: OSHA 15 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Methods of protecting against MSDs: Establish ergonomics program – Training – Feedback from all levels Conduct job hazard analysis (JHAs) Early recognition and reporting of potential MSDs 16 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Job Hazard Analysis Tasks Hazards Controls This table provides an example of a tool that can be used when conducting a job hazard analysis. The first column provides a list of tasks performed by a job; the middle column is provided for listing identified hazards; and, the third column provides a list of controls that can be used to mitigate the hazards. 17 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Examples of engineering controls – Work station design and setup – Ergonomically designed tools – Ergonomically designed equipment – Load weight reduction Source: OSHA (International Labor Organization) 18 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Examples of proper work practices: – Proper lifting techniques (NIOSH) – Team lift heavy/bulky/awkward loads – Stretch – Work rotation – Task variety – Increase rest breaks Source of graphics: OSHA 19 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Examples of PPE: – Gripping gloves – Knee pads – Vibration gloves – Thermal gloves – Lifting straps – Shoulder harness – Lifting braces Source of graphics: OSHA 20 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Physical ergonomic hazards and solutions: Reaching above the head/shoulders - hazards – Working with the hands above head for more than 2 hours per day Source of graphics: OSHA 21 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods – Working with the elbows above shoulders for more than 2 hours per day Source of graphics: OSHA 22 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Reaching above the head/shoulders - solutions – Keep items within close reach – Elevate work areas Source: NIOSH Source: NIOSH Source: OSHA 23 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Reaching above the head/shoulders - solutions – Remove obstacles – Utilize equipment to raise and lower items or move items closer to worker Source: OSHA Source: OSHA Source: NIOSH 24 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Awkward body postures - hazards – Working with the neck or back bent forward more than 30° for more than 2 hours per day Source of graphics: OSHA 25 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods – Squatting for more than 2 hours per day Source of graphics: OSHA 26 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods – Kneeling for more than 2 hours per day Source: OSHA 27 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Awkward body postures - solutions – Raise and/or tilt the work for better access – Use a stool for ground-level work Source: OSHA Source: NIOSH Source: OSHA 28 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Awkward body postures - solutions – Use tools with longer handles – Alternate between bending, kneeling, sitting, and squatting Source: OSHA Source: NIOSH Source: OSHA 29 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Awkward grips - hazards – Gripping 10 or more pounds or force for 2 or more hours per day Source of graphics: OSHA 30 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Awkward grips - hazards – Pinching 2 or more pounds of weight or 4 or more pounds of force for 2 or more hours per day Source of graphics: OSHA 31 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Awkward grips - solutions – Design work layout to reduce hand- carrying – Reduce amount of items carried at one time – Use non-pinch grip postures – Use ergonomically designed tools/aids – Use job/task rotation “C” shaped posture Source of graphics: OSHA 32 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Repetitive motions - hazards – Repeating same motion for more than two hours per day with hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, or neck Source: OSHA 33 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Repetitive motions - hazards – Intense keying for more than 4 hours per day Source: OSHA 34 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Repetitive motions - solutions – Arrange work to avoid unnecessary motions – Let power tools and machinery do the work – Spread repetitive work out during the day – Take stretch pauses – Rotate task with co-workers if possible – Change hands or motions frequently Source of graphics: OSHA 35 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Localized pressure on body part - hazards – Pressing the body/part of the body against hard or sharp edges – Standing/kneeling for prolonged periods on hard surfaces – Using tools with hard handle surfaces or short handles Source of graphics: OSHA 36 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Localized pressure on body part - hazards – Using hands/knees as a hammer more than 10 times in 1 hour or more than 2 times per day (long-term) Source of graphics: OSHA 37 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Localized pressure on body part - solutions – Use tools with longer handles – Use tools with padded grips – Alternate between bending, kneeling, sitting, and squatting; use sit/stand stools or tables Source of graphics: OSHA 38 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Localized pressure on body part - solutions – Pad table edges or use tables/desktops with rounded edges – Use wrist rests, anti-fatigue mats, knee pads, shoe inserts or other items that reduce stress on body parts Source of graphics: OSHA 39 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Lifting objects - hazards – Lifting more than 75 lbs. once/day 55 lbs. ten times/day 10 lbs. more than twice/minute or for more than 2 hours/day 25 lbs. above shoulders, below knees, or at arms length more than 25 times/day Source of graphics: OSHA 40 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Lifting objects - hazards – Heavy, frequent, and awkward lifting Source of graphics: OSHA 41 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Lifting - solutions – Managing for safer lifting Plan lifts Minimize lifting distances Position materials to power zone levels Avoid manually lifting/lowering loads to/from floor Identify/reduce unstable or heavy loads Reduce frequency of lifting and duration of lifting tasks Provide clear access Source of graphics: NIOSH 42 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Lifting - solutions – Employee guidelines for safer lifting Stretch before lifting Check for tags on loads Test load for stability and weight Plan the lift Use proper lifting techniques – grip; two hands; smooth, even motions; load close to body; legs to push up and lift load; avoid twisting; alternate with less physically demanding tasks; rest breaks Get assistance when necessary Source of graphics: OSHA 43 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Lifting - solutions – Use proper lifting techniques Caution: This technique may be effective only if loads are small, light- Keep the load close to your body and lift by pushing up weight, Source: NIOSH with your legs. and can easily fit between the knees. 44 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Lifting - solutions – Use proper lifting techniques Lean the sack Slide the sack Slide the sack As you stand up, keep onto your up onto your onto the other the sack close to your kneeling leg. kneeling leg. leg while body. keeping the sack Source: NIOSH close to your body. 45 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Vibration – hazards Moderate – more than 2 hours per day High – more than 30 minutes per day Prolonged Source of graphics: OSHA 46 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Vibration – solutions Use low-vibration tools and devices that may reduce vibration (tool balancers, extension handles, vibration isolators, damping techniques) Adequate rest periods Rotate jobs Maintenance PPE Source of graphics: OSHA 47 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Ergonomic Control Methods Environmental ergonomic hazards: Amplify/increase risk of MSDs Examples – Hot weather – Cold weather – affects worker coordination and dexterity – High-temperature indoor (steam rooms, attics) – Cold-temperature indoor (walk-in freezers, cold process rooms) – Low visibility 48 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Employer/Employee Requirements General Duty Clause Each Employer: 1. Shall furnish to each of his employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees; 2. Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under this Act. Each Employee: 1. Shall comply with occupational safety and health standards and all rules, regulations, and orders issued pursuant to this Act which are applicable to his own actions and conduct. 49 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Employee/Employer Requirements Report signs or symptoms if: Pain is persistent, severe or worsening Pain radiates Symptoms include numbness or tingling Symptoms keep you from sleeping at night Fingers blanch or turning white 50 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Employee/Employer Requirements Getting involved: Look at jobs Come up with solutions Work with solutions Take part in training Take responsibility for changing the way you do your job Help to make sure efforts are successful 51 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Five Key Points to Remember Ergonomics can help you on your job WMSDs can happen in jobs with risk factors Risk factors can be reduced and WMSDs prevented Reporting signs and symptoms early is important You can help your company put ergonomics changes into place 52 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Knowledge Check 1. Ergonomics is the science of ___. a. designing the job to fit the worker b. fitting the worker to the job c. lifting injuries d. safety and health Answer: a. designing the job to fit the worker 53 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Knowledge Check 2. MSDs account for approximately ___ of all injuries and illnesses. a. 1% b. 10% c. 33% d. 54% Answer: c. 33% 54 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Knowledge Check 3. Which of the following is an example of an ergonomic risk factor? a. Neutral postures b. Rest c. Repetition d. Personal protective equipment Answer: c. Repetition 55 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  Knowledge Check 4. Ergonomic hazards can be prevented or reduced by which of the following control methods? a. Engineering controls b. Proper work practices/administrative controls c. Personal protective equipment d. All of the above Answer: d. All of the above 56 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup  What questions do you have? Thank You 57 PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Ergonomics Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup