equipment radioactivity (2)-1.pdf

CH(10) Radionuclide imaging equipment What is Nuclear Medicine? Nuclear medicine is very unique, because it helps doctors view how your body is functioning. This type of imaging takes very small amounts of radioactive pharmaceuticals and follows their path and progress through...

CH(10) Radionuclide imaging equipment What is Nuclear Medicine? Nuclear medicine is very unique, because it helps doctors view how your body is functioning. This type of imaging takes very small amounts of radioactive pharmaceuticals and follows their path and progress through your body. X-rays or CAT scans can show how something in your body looks, but Nuclear Medicine can show how your body actually works. What is Nuclear Medicine? (continued…) Nuclear medicine is a type of molecular imaging where radioactive pharmaceuticals (often called “radiopharmaceuticals”) are used to evaluate the body’s functions and processes This type of imaging can be used on all types of living things, but it’s concerned with using this technology to help diagnose and treat human beings.  What is Nuclear Medicine? (continued…) NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING procedures look at the bodily functions to help make your diagnosis. NUCLEAR MEDICINE THERAPY can actually be used to treat the body. If you are undergoing a therapy process, then larger amounts of radiation will be used to treat cancer or thyroid disease. Definitions ISOTOPES Are the atoms with the same atomic number and different mass number RADIOACTIVITY Is the ability of some isotopes to emit radiation and form new form of nuclide Definitions RADIOACTIVE DECAY: Number of nuclear transformation which occur in it per unit of time HALF LIFE (T ⅟₂): The time taken by the radionuclide to decrease its activity to one half(sec. – years) Radioactivity Units International Unit becquerel (Bq) U.S. Unit curie (Ci) 1 Ci = 37 GBq 1 mCi = 37 MBq 1 µCi = 37 kBq Type of radioactive nuclide radiation Alpha particles α⁺ Beta particles β⁻ Positron β⁺ Gamma ray ϒ **** labeling Incorporating of radionuclide into compound (radiopharmaceutical)to help in the up taking of the radionuclide by the body organs Gamma imaging  Display or recording devices Pulsed height analyzers PHA stationary mobile Gamma Camera images Used Radio isotopes Tc technetium for liver, bone and other organs ¹²³ I iodine for thyroid examinations Radiopharmaceuticals Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals must deliver the minimum possible radiation dose to the patient while still obtaining the required diagnostic information. Therapy radiopharmaceuticals must deliver the maximum radiation dose to the diseased organ or tumor, while minimizing the radiation dose to non target tissues such as the bone marrow. Ensure minimal irradiation of other parts. Radiation absorbed dose Is the energy imparted by the radiation to the medium per unit mass of the medium in Gy or Gray ( 1 joule deposited in 1 Kgm) (1 Gy = 100 rad) Roentgen R is the unit of exposure radiation Dose equivalent(H) absorbed dose (D) type of radiation (Q) dose rate (N) H=DQN Dose equivalent unit is: Sievert Sv when D in gray Rem when D in rad 1Sv = 100 rem **1 gray = 100 red Bone Scan Lung Scan Ventilation Perfusion HIDA Scan Gallbladder Common Duct CT- PET CT PET Scan Scan Section Section