Environmental Studies Free Notes PDF

 i;kZoj.k vè;;u (EVS) Hindi Medium Notes Ldwy tkuk l ckal vkSj jLlh ds iqy dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS & vle l VªkWyh & yík[k s lhesaV iqy & lkekU;...

 i;kZoj.k vè;;u (EVS) Hindi Medium Notes Ldwy tkuk l ckal vkSj jLlh ds iqy dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS & vle l VªkWyh & yík[k s lhesaV iqy & lkekU; {ks=k (lery) ;k ikuh ds Åij ' l t oYye (ydM+h dh NksVh uko) & dsjy e l L l ÅaV xkM+h & jktLFkku l cSyxkM+h & eSnkuh bykdksa esa] xkao esa l jkLrs iFkjhys vkSj vleku gSa& igkM+ksa esa & mÙkjk[kaM l T;knkrj if{k;ksa dh vk¡ sa muds flj ds nksuksa rjiQ gksrh gSaA ! l i{kh ,d gh le; esa nks vyx&vyx phtksa ij utj Mky ysrs gSaA N l tc ;s fcYdqy lkeus ns rs gSa] rc budh nksuksa vk¡ sa ,d gh pht ij gksrh gSaA A R l t~;knkrj if{k;ksa dh vk¡ ksa dh iqryh ?kwe ugha ldrhA os viuh xnZu ?kqekdj gh E vkl&ikl ns rs gSaA L l i{kh tc nksuksa vk¡ sa ,d gh pht ij dsafær djrs gSa rks mUgsa pht dh nwjh dk ,glkl gksrk gSA l vkSj tc vyx & vyx phtksa ij dsfa ær djrs gSa rks mudk ns us dk nk;jk cs da?kh djus dh t:jr gh ugha iM+rh FkhA cky ges'kk gh M+s jgrs ! py u ikuk] gj le; rSjrs jguk vkSj gj dke vyx rjhds ls djuk&;g lc djus dh vknr Mkyuk vklku ugha FkkA ,d txg fVddj dke djuk gks rks vius&vki dks csYV ls ck¡èkksA dkxt dks Hkh ,sls ugha NksM+ ldrs] mls Hkh nhokj ds lkFk ck¡/dj j ksA varfj{k esa jguk cgqr gh etsnkj Fkk ysfdu eqf'dy HkhA 16 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016  l rkjs fVefVekrs gSaA l VwVrk rkjk (mYdk fiaM) og gksrk gS tks i`Foh ds ok;qeMa y esa vkrs gh ty tkrk gSA l lu~ 1969 esa uhy vkeZLVªkWUx pk¡n ij mrjus okys lcls igys O;fÙkQ FksA l lquhrk varfj{k esa lcls yacs le; rd jgus okyh igyh efgyk FkhA l lquhrk fofy;El us i`Foh dks ns dj dgk& ¶;gk¡ ls vyx&vyx ns'k ugha fn rsA ;s ykbusa rks dkxt ij gh gksrh gSaA¸ 's eqacbZ Hkkjr dk lcls HkhM+HkkM+ okyk 'kgj gSA t l e eqacbZ ls fnYyh igqapus ds fy, egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr] jktLFkku tSls dbZ jkT;ksa dks ikj L l djuk iM+rk gSA l eqacbZ ls fnYyh dh nwjh 1400 fdeh gSA l igkM+ksa ds dkj.k tEew&d'ehj dh lM+dsa dfBu gSaA l ysg yík rd igqapus ds fy, tEew vkSj d'ehj dks ikj djuk iM+rk gSA ! l igkM+h bykdksa esa yksx uk;ykWu ds VsaV dk bLrseky djrs gSaA N l yík dks BaMk jsfxLrku dgk tkrk gSA A R l yík esa vkidks ydM+h ds ?kj] Hkh cusxh fd jksth&jksVh ds fy, yksxksa dks fdl&fdl rjg dh dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA 19 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016  nqfu;k esa e'kgwj i'kehuk! ekuk tkrk gS fd ,d i'kehuk 'kkWy esa N% LosVjksa ds cjkcj xehZ gksrh gSA bruh xeZ ij eksVh fcydqy ughaA ;g i'kehuk curk gS igkM+h cdfj;ksa dh ,d kl uLy ls] tks yxHkx 5000 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij jg ldrh 's gSA ;gk¡ lfnZ;ksa esa rkieku 0 lsaVhxzsM ls Hkh e t cgqr de (&40 fMxzh lsaVhxzsM rd ) pyk L tkrk gSA bruh lnhZ ls cpus ds fy, cdfj;ksa ds 'kjhj ij cgqr gh ckjhd vkSj uje cky mx vkrs gSa] tks xfeZ;ksa esa >M+ tkrs gSaA ;s cky cgqr gh irys gksrs gSaA brus irys fd cdjh ds N% cky feykdj rqEgkjs flj ds ,d cky dh eksVkbZ ds cjkcj gksaxs! blhfy, i'kehuk 'kkWyksa dks e'khuksa }kjk ugha cquk tk ldrkA budh cqukbZ gkFkksa ls djus ds fy, kl cqudj gksrs gSaA vxj ,d cqudj 250 ! ?kaVs cqukbZ djs] rc tkdj ,d lk/kj.k i'kehuk 'kkWy rS;kj gksrh gSA bruh esgur N lkspks] vxj fMtkbu okyh 'kkWy cquuh gks rks fdrus fnu yxsaxs! E A R Jhuxj ds ?kj&,d utj L 20 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016  e t's L R N ! l l L E A 26 tuojh 2001 dks xqtjkr ds dPN {ks=k esa Hkwdai vk;kA Hkwdai vkus ij gesa ;s dke djus pkfg,--- v ?kj ls fudydj fdlh qys eSnku esa tk,aA v vxj vki ?kj ls ckgj ugha tk ldrs rks fdlh etcwr pht tSls Vscy ds uhps ysV tk,a vkSj dldj idM+ ysa] rkfd og fiQlys ughaA daidaih can gksus rd çrh{kk djsaA 21 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016  vgenkckn] tuojh 26- 2001 vkt lqcg xqtjkr esa vk, Hkwdai esa de&ls&de gtkj yksxksa ds ejus dh vk'kadk 's gSA dbZ gtkj yksx ?kk;y gks x,A cpko ,oa jkgr dk;ks± esa yksxksa dh enn ds fy, e t lsuk ds tokuksa dks cqyk;k x;k gSA vgenkckn 'kgj esa de&ls&de Ms cukus ds fy, ;g Hkh ckrphr gks fd taxy esa mxus okys isM+&ikS/s vkSj ogk¡ ds tkuojksa dk dSlk rkuk&ckuk gS muds Hkkstu] vkokl vkSj lqj{kk ds fy, mudh ,d&nwljs ij dSlh fuHkZjrk gksrh gSA 25 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016  taxy vf/dkj dkuwu&2007 ;g dkuwu vkfnokfl;ksa dks taxy ij mudk gd fnykrk gSA tks yksx de&ls&de 25 lky ls taxy esa jgs gSa mudk ogk¡ ds taxy vkSj ogk¡ iSnk gksus okyh phtksa ij gd gSA mUgsa taxy ls gVk;k u tk,A taxy cpkus dk dke Hkh mudh xzke lHkk djsA >we dh [ksrh (Jhoom farming) 's ,d iQly dkVus ds ckn tehu dks dqN o"kks± ds fy, oSls gh NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA t l e ogka dqN Hkh ugha mxk;k tkrk gSA L l ml Hkwfe ij mxus okys ckal ;k jirokj dks ugha fudkyk tkrk gSA bUgsa dkVdj tyk fn;k tkrk gSA jk Hkwfe dks mitkÅ cukrh gSA l tc tehu srh ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrh gS rks mls gYdk ksnk tkrk gS] tksrk ugha tkrk gSA l jirokj o vU; vokafNr ikS/ksa dks Hkh m kM+k ugha tkrk] cl dkV fn;k tkrk gSA ! rkfd os feêðh esa fey tk,aA ;g feêðh dks mitkÅ cukus esa Hkh enn djrk gSA ;g N fetksje esa fd;k tk jgk gSA A R l fetksje dh eq[; iQly pkoy gSA E tc iQly id tkrh gS rks yksx t'u eukrs gSa vkSj os ckal idM+dj psjko u`R; L l djrs gSaA l ge vius ekrk&firk ls tUe ds le; dqN xq.k çkIr djrs gSa vkSj dqN phtsa ;k dkS'ky ge vius i;kZoj.k ls lh rs gSaA l iksfy;ks ok;jl ds dkj.k gksrk gS] ;g fojklr esa ugha feyrk gSA l bu chekfj;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh iQSykus ds fy, MkWDVj dks vkeaf=kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA l xzsxksj esaMy dk tUe 1822 esa vkWfLVª;k ds ,d xjhc fdlku ifjokj esa gqvk FkkA l lkr lky rd mUgksaus (xzsxksj ekWMy) eB ds cxhps esa 28]000 ikS/ksa ij ç;ksx fd,A l eVj ds ikS/ksa esa dqN xq.k gksrs gSa tks tksM+s esa vkrs gSa& tSls cht ;k rks qjnqjs ;k fpdus gksrs gSaA 26 Let's LEARN https://www.youtube.com/c/LetsLEARN2016  l n'kgjk o"kkZ ½rq ls igys vkrk gS l xUus dh srh ds fy, vf/d ikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA l iwjuiksyh (xqM+ vkSj pus dh ehBh jksfV;ka)& bls elkysnkj dM+h fM'k ds lkFk k;k tkrk gSA l dkjoka ,d cl ;k xkM+h gS ftlesa lHkh lqfo/kvksa ds lkFk jg ldrs gSaA e t's L ! l pwgksa dh n`f"V detksj gksrh gS ysfdu lwa?kus] Li'kZ djus vkSj Lokn ysus dh {kerk N cgqr vPNh gksrh gSA A R l ukxiqj esa nky esa phuh feykrs gSaA E u`R; esa Hkkoukvksa dks O;ÙkQ djus ds fy, gkFkksa vkSj psgjs dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA L l bUgsa eqæk vkSj Hkko dgrs gSaA l mYyw dkiQh gn rd viuh xnZu dks ihNs dh vksj ?kqek ldrk gSA l eSuk viuh xnZu dks >Vds ls vkxs&ihNs djrh gSA l ,d i{kh ds ia mls mM+us esa enn djrs gSa vkSj qn dks xeZ Hkh j rs gSAa le;≤ ij i{kh vius iqjkus ia ks nsrs gSa vkSj muds LFkku ij u, mx vkrs gSAa l czsy ds ckjs esa--- v czsy dks ,d uqdhys vkStkj ls mHkjs gq, fcUnqvksa (MkWV~l) dh iafÙkQ cukdj eksVs dkxt ij fy k tkrk gSA mHkjs gq, fcUnqvksa ij m¡xfy;k¡ pykdj czsy fyfi dks i