ECO EX 1 Review PDF

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The first person credited with using the term ‘ecology’ was: Ernst Haeckel 2. What is a population? A group of individuals of the same species occupying a particular area and interbreeding. 3. Imagine you are snorkeling in shallow waters in s...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The first person credited with using the term ‘ecology’ was: Ernst Haeckel 2. What is a population? A group of individuals of the same species occupying a particular area and interbreeding. 3. Imagine you are snorkeling in shallow waters in southern Mexico, in the Equatorial region. You would most likely be in the middle of this aquatic environment: Coral Reefs 4. Aquatic environments with highest productivity and biodiversity: Coral reefs and kelp forests 5. Aquatic reservoir with the longest turnover time: Oceans 6. A population of moths are at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, where there are two colors of wings: blue and orange. The blue allele (B) is dominant, and the orange allele (b) is recessive. If the allele frequencies for the two alleles are (B = 0.8, b = 0.2), what is the proportion of the population that is homozygous for the dominant allele? 0.8 (squared) = 0.64 for homozygous dominant allele (B) 7. In organismal heat balance, which processes can result in either gain or loss of heat? Conduction, Convection, and Radiation 8. Heat exchange in homeothermic animals is generally shaped by metabolism, convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation. Which of these is least pertinent to plant heat exchange? Metabolism 9. What is the best definition of climate? The long-term average pattern of weather in a particular area 10. The region between two convection cells at or near the Equator: Intertropical Convergence Zone  11. Which of these is NOT a condition for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Small population size (a large population size is required) 12. The common poorwill is a bird that regulates its temperature with metabolism during most of the year but hibernates in the winter. It would be a: Heterotherm 13. Ice, in the form of glaciers and ice caps, is the second largest reservoir of water on Earth. It accounts for _____ of water in reservoirs. (Choose the closest percentage) 1.8% 14. Genetic drift is most likely to occur in what type of population? Small populations 15. A fish in the ocean has lower ionic concentrations of its body fluids than the surrounding environment. We would say the fish is: Hypoosmotic 16. The C4 and CAM photosynthesis pathways in some plants are better adapted relative to C3 pathways for these environments: Hot and arid environments 17. An example of ecological stoichiometry is: The balance of multiple chemical elements in ecological interactions, such as the nitrogen and phosphorus balance in herbivores eating plants. SHORT ANSWER: 1. What is ecology? The study of relationships between organisms and their environment. 2. Describe the principle of allocation and give examples. The principle of allocation suggests that if energy supplies are limited, organisms cannot simultaneously maximize all life functions (e. reproduction, growth, and defense). For example, plants may allocate more energy to roots in nutrient-poor soil environments. 3. What are the possible ways that animals can maintain water balance and specific examples of adaptations? Animals maintain water balance through physiological means (kidneys, salt glands), behavioral adaptations (seeking shade or nocturnal activity), and structural adaptations (thick skin, waxy cuticles). For example, camels store fat in their humps to reduce water loss. 4. Describe and contrast the different animal food intake functional responses. Type I: Linear increase in food intake with prey density until saturation. Little handling time. Type II: High intake rate at low densities, levels off at higher densities due to handling time. Type III: Low intake at low prey densities (learning or difficulty finding prey), rapid increase at intermediate densities, and levels off at high densities.