Energy Slides - COT PDF

Energy A Topic from the Physical World  What Will We Be Covering?! We will be covering the following ideas: ○ What energy is ○ The different types of energy ○ The law of conservation of energy ○ Energy is measured in joules ○ Energy conversions ○ How heat is transferred ○ Conduct...

Energy A Topic from the Physical World  What Will We Be Covering?! We will be covering the following ideas: ○ What energy is ○ The different types of energy ○ The law of conservation of energy ○ Energy is measured in joules ○ Energy conversions ○ How heat is transferred ○ Conduction ○ Convection ○ Radiation Learning outcomes ★ Recall that energy gives things the ability to do work ★ Recall that energy is measured in Joules (J)  Complete Me!.. Turn to a new fresh page in your Science notebook. Create a title page for our new Energy topic Whilst you watch the energy documentary draw some images from the documentary that help to show what the energy topic might be about.  What is Energy?  What Do You Know?!.. What do you already know about energy? ALPHABET COMPETITION For every letter in the alphabet come up with a word that relates to energy. Think about: ○ Types of energy ○ What is energy used for? ○ How is energy stored? ○ How is energy transferred? ○ What are the types of energy?  Energy Scientists look at energy according to these scientific principles (rules)... Energy is not a substance Energy has many different forms Energy can be changed from one form to another Energy can only be detected when a change occurs  Energy Anything we do uses energy! For example: ○ We use energy to think ○ We use energy to walk ○ We use energy to talk  Energy: What is it? ○ Energy gives us and everything else the ability to do things ○ In scientific terms, energy gives the ability to do work This is an essential concept in science. It is our definition of energy. Please highlight it in your notes to show that it is very important.  Energy: What is it? ○ Energy can be measured ○ The unit for energy is joules (J) This is an essential concept in this topic. Please highlight it in your notes to show that it is very important. Uses and Storage of Energy In your book record a description of examples of uses and storage of energy Use of energy… Storage of energy… Two ways human bodies One way energy is stored use energy to create heat energy Two objects and how One way energy is stored they use energy to produce electrical energy  Take away from today: Haere rā Energy is what gives an object the ability to do work Goodbye  1. What is the definition of energy? Hei Mahi 2. What do you think “potential energy” means? Do Now 3. What do you think “active energy” means? Forms of Energy Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson I will be able to... Define active and potential energy Name different forms of energy Identify the form of energy in the scenario Mahi 1. Record definitions of active and potential energy in your notes 2. Read about different forms of energy (booklet p.2) 3. Using the learning from your reading - connect the energy type to description 4. Categorise the forms of energy into either active or potential energy 5. Draw a picture of each form of energy  Forms of Energy Forms of energy can be separated into TWO different categories 1. Active Energy 2. Potential (stored) energy  Forms of Energy There are two types of energy: ○ Potential energy: The stored energy ○ Active energy: Energy involving movement. Movement can be the motion of waves, electrons and moving objects Potential vs. Active Energy can only be detected when it is active. Potential energy is only evident when it is transformed into an active form of energy. For example - a battery stores potential energy but you cannot detect that energy until it is transformed into electrical energy.  Forms of Energy Active and potential energy come in many different forms. Have a Think!.. What are some of the different forms of energy that you already know about? Task 1. Read the reading on FORMS OF ENERGY - p.2 of booklet 2. On the FORMS OF ENERGY - ACTIVITY sheet title each description of a type of energy with the appropriate form of energy from the reading 3. Draw a picture of each form of energy in the box next to the description ……...… Energy Energy stored in objects due to their height above the ground.  Take away from today: There are many forms of Haere rā energy that can be categorised as either active (moving) or Goodbye potential (stored) energy.  Name the form of energy that relates to each example… 1. A spring is pushed Hei Mahi down 2. A cat sits on top of a fence Do Now 3. A tennis racquet swings through the air 4. The fairy lights glow 5. The toy mouse squeaks  Energy Transformatio ns Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson I will be able to... Describe the Conservation of Energy law Use energy transfer equations to show how energy is transferred Conservation of Energy Law This law states: 1. Energy cannot be created out of nothing. 2. Energy can change form, but the total amount stays the same. 3. Energy cannot be destroyed Watch this! (00:00- 01:49) When watching this video make sure you could fill in the following blanks on p.5 of your booklet... “Energy can be transferred…, stored or dissipated, but it can never be ________ or _________” In a phone chemical potential energy in the battery is transformed into electrical energy and then the electrical energy is transformed into The Bowling Ball Example Discuss… Why does the bowling ball miss his chin?  Energy changes - Transfer Write this in your notes ○ Energy can be passed on = transferred ○ Type of energy stays the same  Energy changes - Transform ○ Energy can be changed = transformed ○ Type of energy changes  Example! ○ Example a candle burning ○ The starting energy is chemical potential energy in the wax ○ This is transformed into heat energy and light energy, as the candle burns. Chemical potential → Heat and Light energy Practice… Practice the Light Bulb energy Petrol Motor equations in your booklet Spinning Poi Match Speaker Heater Kitchen Mixer Jack-in-a-box Throwing a ball up into the air Energy Transformation: Complete the following sentences: A fire changes _____________ energy into ____________ and _____________ energy. A battery changes ____________ energy into ____________ energy. An electric blanket changes ____________ energy into ____________ energy. A skydiver changes ____________ energy into ____________ energy. A computer changes ____________ energy into ____________ energy and ____________ energy and ____________ energy. The Bouncy Ball Example Answer this in your booklet: When you drop a ball it has kinetic energy. The ball will bounce but it will eventually stop. 1) Where did the energy go? Remember: Energy cannot be created or destroyed 2) Write an equation. gravitational potential energy → kinetic energy → Need some help? Watch this video How many joules? Energy transformations help us to figure out the stored (potential) energy. For example food contains chemical potential energy, however we cannot see or measure how much. What do they do in the video to prove how much energy is stored in the food?  Take away from today: Energy cannot be created Haere rā or destroyed. Energy can be transferred from one object to another Goodbye AND transformed from one form to another.  Write the energy transformation for each of the following scenarios… Hei Mahi 1. A vase falls of a shelf 2. Sirens on an Do Now ambulance are turned on 3. A hand hits a drum 4. A gas bbq is turned on  ACTIVITY TIME! Energy Circuit In your table groups you are going to move around the different stations set up around the outside of the room. You will have 2 minutes at each station Instructions: Read the instructions provided at the station Carry out the activity (if there is one) Decide whether the energy change is a transfer or transformation Write down the energy equation Wait patiently for the timer to go off and then move to the  Activity Energy equation describing the changes in the activity 1. Ball in Cylinder 2. Tuning fork 3. Windmill 4. Marble and track 5. Candle burning 6. Bell Ringing 7. Lightbulb 8. Pendulum 9. Solar panel 10. Dynamo 11. Whistling tube 12. Wind up toy  Activity Energy equation describing the changes in the activity 1. Ball in Cylinder Kinetic Energy of moving air particles🡪 kinetic E of ball 2. Tuning fork Kinetic 🡪 sound 3. Windmill Kinetic energy of moving air particles 🡪 kinetic E of moving fan 4. Marble and track Gravitational potential 🡪 kinetic 🡪 Gravitational potential 🡪 kinetic etc etc 5. Candle burning Chemical potential (candle wax) 🡪 heat + light 6. Bell Ringing Electrical 🡪 sound 7. Lightbulb Chemical potential (in battery) 🡪 light + (a little bit of) heat 8. Pendulum Gravitational potential 🡪 kinetic 🡪 Gravitational potential 🡪 kinetic etc etc 9. Solar panel Light 🡪 electrical 🡪 kinetic 10. Dynamo Kinetic E 🡪 electrical 🡪 light 11. Whistling tube Kinetic 🡪 sound 12. Wind up toy Kinetic 🡪 elastic potential (spring inside toy!) 🡪 kinetic + sound  Take away from today: Haere rā I can give examples of real life energy transformations! Goodbye Hei Mahi Turn to page 9 of your booklet… Do Now Watch! Watch the Getting Energized episode. Pay careful attention to the energy transformations used to move the ferris wheel. Answer the questions on p. 9-10 Learning Objectives By the end of this lesson I will be able to... Identify the useful and wasted energy in energy transformations that take place in everyday life Wasted Energy  Useful vs. Wasted Energy Energy transformations are never perfectly efficient. When energy is transferred from one form to another, some of the initial energy is transferred to a form which is not useful or wanted ○ For example: A light bulb - what would be the useful AND wasted energy?  Can you figure out which energy useful and which is waste in the following scenarios? 1. My iphone charger electrical energy → heat + chemical Discuss potential energy 2. My fan In electrical energy → heat + sound + kinetic energy groups 3. My muscles when I run Chemical energy → heat + kinetic energy Watch Me!..  Useful vs. Wasted Energy Energy transformations are never perfectly efficient. When energy is transferred from one form to another, some of the initial energy is transferred to a form which is not useful or wanted  Complete Me!.. Work through the following page in your Energy booklets: Page 11 - “Useful vs. Wasted Energy”  Take away from today: I can give examples of Haere rā real life energy transformations AND identify which energy is Goodbye useful and which is waste.  Turn to page --- of Hei Mahi your booklet and complete the “PARTICLE THEORY” Do Now fill in the blanks. Hei Mahi Complete the sentences: All substances are made up of p_________. When the temperature of an object is increased, the particles have more e________ and move more r_________. When the temperature is lowered, the particles ________ energy and move more ____________. Answers All substances are made up of particles When the temperature of an object is raised, the particles have more energy and move more rapidly. When the temperature is lowered, the particles lose energy and move more slowly  Heat Transfer Temperature vs. Heat  Success criteria ○ Compare and contrast the terms thermal energy (heat) and temperature  Temperature ○ The measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles of a substance ○ Temperature is measured in degrees celsius  Temperature ○ Higher temperature = Particles move faster and farther apart ○ Lower temperature = Particles move slower and closer together  Thermal Energy aka. Heat ○ The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material. It is the total energy of the particles in a material ○ Heat is measured in Joules ○ As it is a form of energy  Thermal Energy aka. Heat ○ Depends on the speed of the particles, the number of particles (the size or mass), and the type of particles in an object.  Temperature vs. Thermal Energy ○ Temperature does not depend on the size or type of object. ○ For example, the temperature of a small cup of water might be the same as the temperature of a large tub of water, but the tub of water has more heat because it has more water (more particles) and thus more total thermal energy.  Temperature vs. Thermal Energy Example: Lake Mendota is close to freezing (1°C) while a cup of boiling water is 100°C. Yet, if placed next to the lake in below freezing temperatures, the cup of boiling water freezes first because it has less thermal energy than Lake Mendota. Draw this table in your book Temperature of the liquid (° C) Rise in temperature (° C) Before heating After heating 100 mL water 200 mL water 100 mL olive oil 200 mL olive oil QUESTIONS A. Does the amount of a substance affect how much the temperature rises? B. Does the type of substance affect how much the temperature rises? C. Does every substance/object at the same temperature contain the same amount of heat energy? Interesting Fact When the temperature of an 100oC object reaches -273°C its particles have no energy at all. 0oC This temperature is called absolute zero. -273oC  Take away from today: 1. Heat is the amount of thermal energy in an object. 2. Temperature is the Haere rā average amount of energy of each particle in an object. Goodbye 3. For substances that are the same temperature, the one that has more particles will have more heat (thermal energy). Hei Mahi Name five things in a room that feel cold to touch. Do Now  Heat Transfer Heat energy can move from one area to another. This is known as “heat transfer”  Heat Transfer ConductionConvectionRadiation Can you transfer cold? There is no such thing as cold energy. “Cold” does not move from one place to another. When an object becomes cold it means that heat energy has been transferred away from the object to another. FUN FACT: The statement “you’re letting out the cold” Heat Transfer: Conduction  What is Conduction? ○ Conduction describes the flow of heat through an object ○ Heat can transfer by conduction from one object to another if they are touching ○ Objects that are good at conducting heat (metals) are called thermal conductors ○ Objects that cannot conduct heat (fur, wool, plastic) are called thermal  How does conduction work? ○ As particles warm up, they gain energy and as a result start to move more… ○ This movement causes neighbouring particles to start moving more rapidly which results in a transfer of energy ○ This continues all along a conduction to surface and so the energy goes from one end to the other. Heat Transfer When a hot object comes into contact with a cold object, heat flows from the hot object to the cold object until both objects are at the same temperature. PRACTICAL - p.14 Predict what will happen to all the nails (tacks) Give scientific reasoning as to why you think this will occur. (refer to particles, heat energy and conduction)  Practical Time! Investigating Conduction We are going to carry out a practical investigation on your task sheet. Read through the experiment (aim, equipment and method)m on page  Take away from today: 1. Conduction is a type of heat transfer that occurs through an object 2. Conduction occurs at different rates through different substances Haere rā 3. Heat is transferred quickly and easily through materials that are conductors and Goodbye slowly through insulators 4. Conduction occurs as particles that carry heat energy collide with particles next to them transferring the energy  Do you think that conduction occurs Hei Mahi quickest in solids, liquids or gases? Do Now Why?  Do you think that conduction occurs quickest in solids, liquids or gases? SOLIDS Hei Mahi Why? The particles in a Do Now solid are close together so they Today we will learn about how heat is collide more easily transferred through liquids and gases transferring heat energy. Heat Transfer: Convection  What is Convection? ○ Convection is the process of hot fluids (or air) rising and cold fluids (or air) sinking. Demo What did you observe? Why did this happen? HEATER Experiment See page 17 1. Place cold water in a beaker 2. Set up your Bunsen burner with a tripod and gauze mat 3. Place beaker on tripod 4. Add a crystal of potassium permanganate to the bottom of the beaker using a straw 5. Turn on Bunsen 6. Observe how the colour moves through the water. Draw a picture of what you observed using arrows.  What is Convection? ○ This process is due to liquids and gases expanding when being heated, which make them less dense (same weight, bigger size), as a result these particles rise. ○ The colder liquids are more dense and so fall down to the areas where the hotter particles were. ○ When they warm up, the process continues…  Complete Me!.. See page 18 “Heat Transfer - Convection” page  A hangi uses hot stones which create steam to cook food in an earth oven. The steam cooks the food 2. Would the steam cook the food faster or slower if the hot stones were placed near the top of the oven and the food at the bottom? Explain your answer. 3. Fridges with small freezers built into them are found in most New Zealand homes. If you were looking to buy a new fridge-freezer, and wanted to buy one that was the most economical (cheapest) to run, would you look for one with the freezer unit above the fridge, or one with the freezer below the fridge? Explain your answer.  Take away from today: 1. Convection is a type of heat transfer that occurs in liquids and gases Haere rā 2. Heat is transferred through a gas or liquid because when heated Goodbye they become less dense and therefore rise 3. A liquid and gas become less dense because particles move further apart Hei Mahi The theatre has heater on both upper (circle) Do Now and lower (stalls) levels. CIRCLE BASICS: Which level would you expect to be hottest? STALLS DEEPER: Why?  The theatre has heater on both upper (circle) Hei Mahi and lower (stalls) levels. Which level would you Do Now expect to be hottest? The circle. CIRCLE Why? Hot air rises therefore the heaters on the lower STALLS level will heat the air in the stalls which becomes less dense. This air will rise and travel to the circle. Heat Transfer: Radiation Radiation  What is Radiation? ○ It is a form of heat transfer that does not rely upon any contact between the heat source and the heated object ○ It is the transfer of energy in electromagnetic waves, the heat is transmitted through empty space. ○ An example is the heat from the Sun Absorbing Heat by Radiation Investigation: A black can and silver can with tap (cold) water are placed by a heater (they will not be touching the heater). We will measure the amount of heat energy absorbed by radiation for each by measuring the change in temperature. Temperature Temperature Change in before Temperature Silver Can Black Can Write a prediction about what will happen Emitting Heat by Radiation Investigation: A black can and silver can with warm water are left in the room for 5 minutes. We will measure the amount of heat energy emitted by radiation from each can by measuring the change in temperature. Temperature Temperature Change in before after 5 min Temperature Silver Can Black Can Write a prediction about what will happen  Watch Me!.. Intro to Heat Transfer - Magic School In the Arctic  Write the energy transformation equation occurring in: a) a wind turbine Hei Mahi Do Now b) a petrol car Energy and Generating Electricity  Using Energy Humans use natural resources for energy. Sometimes the resources are used to directly power technology other times it is used to generate electricity. Electricity can then be used to power the technology. TASK: Read p. 22 and answer the questions  Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Energy  Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Energy can be classified into two main groups: ○ Renewable energy: Generated from natural sources and can be reused ○ Non-Renewable energy: Limited availability. Cannot be regenerated quickly  Renewable Energy There are many forms of renewable energy. Most of these renewable energies depend in one way or another on sunlight. Types of renewable energy are: Solar Wind Power Hydroelectric Energy Geothermal power Biomass (the term for energy from plants) Hydrogen and fuel cells  Non-Renewable Energy Non-Renewable energy sources have limited availability and cannot be regenerated quickly Types of non-renewable energy are: Coal Oil Natural Gas Nuclear Energy  Complete Me!.. Work through the following page in your Energy booklets: Page 23 “Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy - Advantages + Disadvantages” Use the information on the Padlet to help you  Describe one advantage and two disadvantages of Hei Mahi using fossil fuels as energy sources Do Now  Reading Time Read the questions on page p.26. Then browse the article named “What is the Future of Non-Renewable Resources” on pages 24-25 in your booklets Write the answer the questions on p.26.  Watch Me!.. Can 100% renewable energy power the world?  Revision Exercises!.. Key Concepts: Revision Ideas: What energy is Read through your notes The different types of Go over the Student Learning Objectives (uploaded to energy Google Classroom) - if there is anything you can’t The law of conservation remember from there make a list and go through your of energy notes + booklets to remind yourself. Energy is measured in Education Perfect - Link here joules Education Perfect - Link here Energy conversions Revision pages in your Energy Booklets (pages 16, 17 and How heat is transferred 18 - the final three pages) ○ Conduction Make flashcards for the key words covered in the topic - ○ Convection write the word on one side and the definition on the ○ Radiation other - test yourself or a partner! (Slides 76-77 and 115-116)