Unit 1 Study Guide.pdf

Physical Science Exam STUDY GUIDE Unit 1 Force and Motion Lessons 1-6 Test for “A” day on 02/01/24 Test for “B” 02/02/24 This is only a guide for students use to prepare for the exam. Students need to make sure they have read all the Discovery packets given to them U1.1 Striaght line motion U1.2 Int...

Physical Science Exam STUDY GUIDE Unit 1 Force and Motion Lessons 1-6 Test for “A” day on 02/01/24 Test for “B” 02/02/24 This is only a guide for students use to prepare for the exam. Students need to make sure they have read all the Discovery packets given to them U1.1 Striaght line motion U1.2 Interaction with Force and Mass, U1.3 Gravity, U1.5 Newton’s Laws, U 1.6 U1.7 Potiential & Kinetic Energy. All Doodle Notes for each lesson to prepare for the exam. The exam will have 30 multiple choice questions. Students will have 40 minutes for the exam. PLEASE review information to prepare for the exam. Study Guide: Unit 1 - Energy, Force, and Motion I. Law of Conservation of Energy (SC.6. P.11.1) A. Introduction to Energy 1. Definition of Energy Energy as the ability to do work or cause a change. B. Types of Energy 1. Potential Energy Stored energy due to position or state. Examples: gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy. 2. Kinetic Energy Energy of motion. Formula: =12 2KE=21mv2 C. Law of Conservation of Energy 1. Principle Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. 2. Differentiating Between Potential and Kinetic Energy Understanding scenarios where an object has potential or kinetic energy. Real-life examples of energy transformations. 3. Identifying Energy Transformations Recognizing situations were kinetic energy transforms into potential energy and vice versa. II. Balanced and Unbalanced Forces (SC.6. P.13.3) A. Forces and Motion 1. Force Definition A push or pull that can change an object's state of motion. B. Unbalanced Forces 1. Effects on Motion Investigating how unbalanced forces change speed, direction, or both. Newton's Second Law: = F=ma. C. Balanced Forces 1. Definition Forces that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. Effects on motion: no change. D. Examples of Balanced and Unbalanced Forces 1. Scenario Analysis Identifying situations where forces are balanced or unbalanced. Common examples in daily life. III. Distance vs. Time Graphs (SC.6.P.12.1) A. Measurement and Graphing 1. Distance vs. Time Definition and significance in understanding motion. 2. Measuring Distance vs. Time Experimental setup to measure and record data. 3. Graphing Motion Creating distance vs. time graphs for objects moving at constant speed. 4. Interpreting Graphs Analyzing graphs to determine constant speed, changes in speed, or periods of rest. IV. Integration of Concepts A. Applications in Real Life 1. Everyday Scenarios Applying energy, force, and motion concepts to daily life. 2. Engineering and Technology How these principles are used in various fields. V. Review and Practice A. Problem Solving 1. Calculating Forces Solving problems involving forces, speed, and acceleration. B. Graph Analysis 1. Graph-Based Questions Interpreting and analyzing distance vs. time graphs. Newton's laws of motion are a set of three physical laws that form the foundation for classical mechanics, describing the motion of objects. Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia): Statement: An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force. Key Concepts: Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion. Net force: The vector sum of all external forces acting on an object. Newton's Second Law of Motion: Statement: The second law of motion states the greater the mass of an object, the more force it will take to accelerate the object. Mathematical Formulation: = F=ma Key Concepts: Force ( F): A vector quantity measured in Newtons (N). Mass ( m): The amount matter in object. Acceleration ( a): The rate of change of velocity, measured in meters per second squared ( / 2m/s2). Implications: The greater the force applied to an object, the greater its acceleration. The greater the mass of an object, the smaller its acceleration for a given force. Newton's Third Law of Motion: Statement: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Key Concepts: Action and reaction forces always act on different objects. Forces occur in pairs and are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.