Elect-QUIZ-2.docx

1. What is the primary cause of menopause? A. Decreased estrogen production B. Loss of ovarian activity C. Decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH) D. Increase in progesterone levels 2. How is menopause typically identified? E. When a woman has not had a period for six m...

1. What is the primary cause of menopause? A. Decreased estrogen production B. Loss of ovarian activity C. Decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH) D. Increase in progesterone levels 2. How is menopause typically identified? E. When a woman has not had a period for six months F. When a woman experiences irregular periods G. When a woman has not had a period for over a year H. When a woman reaches the age of 50 3. What is considered premature menopause? I. Menopause occurring before the age of 40 J. Menopause occurring between the ages of 40-45 K. Menopause occurring after the age of 55 L. Menopause occurring after a hysterectomy 4. How does a hysterectomy influence menopause? M. It delays menopause N. It slightly lowers the age of menopause O. It has no effect on menopause P. It increases ovarian activity 5. What is the definition of perimenopause? Q. The first year after menopause R. The time just before and after menopause S. The period when menstruation becomes heavier T. The onset of early puberty 6. At what age does perimenopause typically occur? U. 30-40 years V. 35-45 years W. 45-55 years X. 55-65 years 7. Which of the following is **NOT** a symptom of perimenopause? Y. Mood swings Z. Vasomotor flushes A. Increased fertility B. Sleep disturbances 8. Which of the following symptoms is associated with perimenopause? C. Increased energy levels D. Urinary incontinence E. Faster hair growth F. Regular menstrual cycles 9. What happens to ovarian function during perimenopause? G. It becomes more sensitive to gonadotropins H. It remains stable until menopause I. It fluctuates and gradually decreases J. It increases due to hormonal surges 10. Why is fertility markedly reduced during perimenopause? K. All follicles have been exhausted L. Gonadotropin levels drop drastically M. Decreased number and maturation of follicles N. Ovaries stop releasing eggs completely 11. Can conception still occur during perimenopause? O. Yes, because the exhaustion of follicles is not complete P. No, because all follicles are depleted Q. No, because ovulation completely stops R. Yes, but only through medical intervention 12. What causes the increase in gonadotropin, FSH, and LH levels during menopause? S. Increased estrogen production T. Increased ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropins U. Decreased estrogen and inhibin levels V. Increase in ovarian follicle supply 13. What is the most common physical complaint in menopausal women due to vasomotor instability? W. Urogenital infections X. Bone fractures Y. Hot flashes Z. Increased facial hair 14. What changes occur in the urogenital system due to estrogen deficiency in menopausal women? A. Increased vaginal elasticity and vascularization B. Increased collagen production in the vaginal wall C. Vaginal dryness, irritation, and dyspareunia (painful intercourse) D. Enhanced vaginal acidity 15. What is the relationship between estrogen deficiency and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women? E. Estrogen deficiency decreases bone mass density F. Estrogen stimulates osteoclast activity, leading to bone loss G. Estrogen increases bone matrix and minerals H. Estrogen promotes bone strength through calcium deposition 16. What skin changes may occur in postmenopausal women as a result of low estrogen levels? I. Increased collagen production J. Thicker, more elastic skin K. Thin, dry skin with dark spots L. Reduction in facial hair growth 17. Which factor does **NOT** contribute to the increased risk of osteoporosis in menopausal women? M. Increased osteoclast activity N. Decrease in estrogen levels O. Increase in collagen production P. Loss of bone matrix and minerals 18. What is a common preventative measure for osteoporosis in menopausal women? Q. Decreased protein intake R. Increasing calcium and protein intake S. Avoiding physical activity T. Hormone replacement therapy for all women 19. What risk is associated with prolonged estrogen intake of more than 10 years? U. Increased risk of breast cancer V. Reduced risk of osteoporosis W. Increased risk of ovarian cancer X. Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease 20. What is a potential consequence of excessive estrogen intake on the endometrium? Y. Endometrial atrophy Z. Endometrial hyperplasia and cancer A. Increased fertility B. Decreased endometrial sensitivity 21. What is andropause in men? C. The sudden cessation of androgen production D. A gradual decline in testosterone levels with age E. A rapid drop in libido and erectile function F. The complete inability to produce sperm 22. At what rate does testosterone decline in men after the age of 40? G. 5% per year H. 1% per year I. 10% per year J. 3% per year 23. What are some potential physical changes associated with low testosterone levels in older men? K. Increased facial hair growth and stronger erections L. Shrinking of the penis and scrotum, decreased facial hair growth M. Increased muscle mass and bone density N. Enhanced libido and faster erections 24. What is a risk associated with the administration of DHEAS in middle-aged men? O. Increased muscle mass without side effects P. Enlargement of the prostate and limited sperm production Q. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease R. Reduced risk of osteoporosis without any side effects 25. How does andropause potentially affect muscle mass and strength in men? S. Muscle mass and strength typically increase T. Muscle mass and strength remain unchanged U. Muscle mass and strength decrease due to reduced adrenal function V. Muscle mass decreases, but strength increases 26. What is the main function of mitosis in human cells? W. To produce haploid gametes X. To promote growth and replace old cells Y. To generate genetic diversity Z. To produce four distinct cells 27. How does meiosis differ from mitosis? A. Meiosis produces two identical diploid cells B. Meiosis occurs only in somatic cells C. Meiosis produces four unique haploid cells D. Meiosis involves one round of cell division 28. Where does spermatogenesis occur in males? E. In the epididymis F. In the seminiferous tubules of the testes G. In the prostate gland H. In the vas deferens 29. Which of the following occurs during meiosis I in spermatogenesis? I. Chromosomes separate into two identical diploid cells J. The cell divides into four haploid spermatids K. Chromosome pairs separate into two haploid secondary spermatocytes L. The spermatid transforms into spermatozoa 30. What is the role of spermiogenesis? M. The replication of DNA in spermatogonia N. The transformation of spermatids into mature sperm O. The formation of spermatogonia P. The separation of chromosome pairs during meiosis 31. What triggers the resumption of meiosis in a primary oocyte during oogenesis? Q. A surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) just before ovulation R. The penetration of the oocyte by sperm S. The formation of the first polar body T. The completion of meiosis I during fetal development 32. How many mature ova are produced from one oogonium during oogenesis? U. Two identical ova V. Four mature ova W. One mature ovum and up to three polar bodies X. One ovum and one polar body 33. What is the function of the larger amount of cytoplasm in the ovum? Y. It contributes DNA to the zygote Z. It nourishes the developing zygote before implantation A. It contains mitochondria from both parents B. It ensures the ovum survives until fertilization 34. What is unique about mitochondrial DNA in the developing embryo? C. It is inherited from both parents D. It is inherited only from the mother E. It is inherited only from the father F. It is identical to nuclear DNA 35. Which process prepares the sperm for fertilization within the female reproductive tract? G. Acrosomal reaction H. Cortical reaction I. Capacitation J. Fast block