EFA Lesson 1 PDF

English for Academic Purposes What is EFA all about?  Enhance Communication skills in writing: o Academic o Professional Compositions  Develop abilities to utilize appropriate language in academic writing from various discipline using correct structures. FOCUS Lessons 1. Essentia...

English for Academic Purposes What is EFA all about?  Enhance Communication skills in writing: o Academic o Professional Compositions  Develop abilities to utilize appropriate language in academic writing from various discipline using correct structures. FOCUS Lessons 1. Essentials Structures of an Academic Text. 2. Appropriate Language use in Academic Writing 3. Reading Strategies 4. Techniques in Summarizing variety of Academic Text 5. Thesis Statement of an Academic Text 6. Outlining to Manage Reading skills Efficiently  LESSON 1: Academic Text Structure Learning Competency 1: Differentiates language used in Academic text from various discipline. Learning Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the learners are expected to: 1. Define academic text; 2. Determine text structure of an academic text; and 3. Explain the components of the three-part essay structure TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: TRUE OR FALSE Formality in Academic writing requires precision to make a legitimate piece of writing. TRUE Writing is a form of communication that is shaped by the following factors: topic, role, and audience. TRUE The use of personal pronouns such as I, you, and we is acceptable in academic writing. FALSE TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: TRUE OR FALSE “How can these problem be solved?” is an example of a critical question. TRUE Because is an example of transitional device that expresses cause and effect. TRUE An abstract is a summary of a novel. FALSE A research paper contains background of the study, body, and recommendations. FALSE TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: TRUE OR FALSE The conclusion is the section that summarizes the main points of the essay. TRUE A summary is a condensed form of a text which is usually half of the original material. FALSE To introduce a topic in an essay, the writer must be able to explain its details. FALSE TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE: ARRANGE THE COMMON PARTS OF RESEARCH 4 A. Presentation of 8 F. Interpretation and Research Problem discussion of Results 1 B. Title of the Research 10 G. The Reference List Paper 2 H. The Abstract 7 C. Presentation of the 5 I. Review of Past Research Results Relevant to the Paper 9 D. Recommendations 6 J. Description of Methods 3 E. Overview or Scope of used to Carry out the Research Research  Title of the Research Paper The Abstract Overview or Scope of Research Presentation of Research Problem Review of Past Research Relevant to the Paper Description of Methods used to Carry out the Research Presentation of the Results Interpretation and discussion of Results Recommendations The Reference List What is an Academic Text?  Critical, objective, specialized text written by experts or professionals in a given field using formal language.  Based on FACTS with SOLID basis. FORMAL OBJECTIVE (IMPERSONAL) TECHNICAL  FORMAL – avoiding casual or conversational language (contractions or informal vocabulary).  OBJECTIVE OR IMPERSONAL – avoiding direct reference to people or feelings, and instead emphasizing objects, facts, and ideas.  TECHNICAL – using vocabulary specific to the discipline (words use and grammar) EXAMPLE OF ACADEMIC WRITING Literary Analysis  essay that examine, evaluate, and makes an argument about a literary work.  It goes beyond mere summarization since it requires CLOSE READING of multiple text and often focuses on a specific characteristic, theme, or motif EXAMPLE OF ACADEMIC WRITING Research Paper  Uses outside information to support a thesis or make an argument.  Written in all disciplines and may be evaluative, analytical, or critical in nature. EXAMPLE OF ACADEMIC WRITING Research Paper Involves synthesizing this external information with your own ideas. Data Primary Sources (e.g., historical records) Secondary Sources (e.g., peer-reviewed scholarly articles) EXAMPLE OF ACADEMIC WRITING Dissertation (Thesis) Is a document submitted at the conclusion of a Ph.D. program. It is a book-length summarization of the doctoral candidate’s research. Remember: Academic papers may be done as a part of a class, in a program of study, or for publication in academic journal or scholarly book of articles around a theme, by different authors. STRUCTURE A well-structured text enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. A clear structure and a logical flow are imperative to a cohesive text. TWO COMMON STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXT: 1. Three-part Essay Structure 2. IMRaD Structure THREE-PART ESSAY STRUCTURE 1. INTRODUCTION Its purpose is to clearly tell the reader the topic, purpose, and structure of the paper. Between 10-20 percent length of the whole paper. 3 Main Parts a. General information: Background and/or Definition. b. The Core Introduction: overall topic, purpose, point of view, hypotheses, and/or research questions. c. Specific Information: describing the scope and structure of your paper INTRODUCTION REMEMBER: You should write the introduction after knowing both the overall point of view and the whole structure of your paper. You should then revise the introduction when you have completed the main body. THREE-PART ESSAY STRUCTURE 2. BODY Develop the question, “What is the topic about?” Elaborate directly the topic sentence by giving definitions, classifications, explanations, contrasts, examples, and evidence. It is the HEART of the essay. It is usually the largest part of the essay.  THREE-PART ESSAY STRUCTURE 3. CONCLUSION Closely related to introduction and is often described as its “MIRROR IMAGE”. INTRODUCTION VS CONCLUSION Begins with general Begins by briefly summarizing information and ends with the main scope or structure of specific information the paper, confirms the topic, ends with a more general statement about the topic. CONCLUSION REMEMBER: Conclusion may take the form of evaluation of the importance of the topic, implications for future research, or a recommendation about theory or practice. THE IMRaD STRUCTURE This format is often used for lab reports as well as for reporting any planned, systematic research in the social sciences, natural sciences, or engineering and computer sciences. 1. INTRODUCTION - Make a case for your research depicts the background of the topic and the central focus of the study. explains why this research is important or necessary or important. THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 1. INTRODUCTION describing the problem or situation that motivates the research. discussing the current state of research in the field reveal a “gap” or problem in the field explain how the present research is a solution to that problem or gap THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 2. METHODOLOGY – What did you do? Lets the reader know the data collection methods, research instrument employed, sample size and so on. It includes information about your population, sample, methods, and equipment. THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 2. METHODOLOGY – What did you do? The “gold standard” of the methods section is that it should enable readers to duplicate your study. Methods sections typically use subheadings (Participants, Materials, and Procedures) Written in PAST TENSE, and they use a lot of PASSIVE VOICE. THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 3. RESULT – What did you find? Presents the FINDINGS. Contains only the findings, not any explanation of or commentary on the findings. Results sections are usually written in the past tense THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 3. RESULT – What did you find? The results sections typically serves as an exploration of your data, it should include: Tables Figures Texts Make sure all tables and figures are labeled and numbered separately. Captions go above tables and beneath figures. THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 3. RESULT – What did you find? THE IMRaD STRUCTURE 4. DISCUSSION – What does it mean? Summarize the main findings, comment on the findings, and connect them to other research. Discuss limitations of the study, and use these limitations as reasons to suggest additional, future research. THE IMRaD STRUCTURE ABSTRACT – Summarize the entire study The abstract for the report comes at the beginning of the paper, but should be written after the full report is drafted. Provides a very short overview of the entire paper, including a sentence or two about the report’s PURPOSE and IMPORTANCE, a sentence or two about your methods, a few sentences that present the main findings, and a sentence or two about the implications of your findings. QUESTION & ANSWER Let’s Practice! Group of 3 members. Read the article written by SHARON HOUSLEY in 2012. Extract the essential statements of the Introduction, Body, and Conclusion. Write them in your notebook using the format to be given to you.