Ecology Study Guide Exam 1 Fall 2024 PDF

**Study Guide for Ecology** **Lecture Exam \#1 \-- Chapters 1, 17, and 2** **To Be Given in Person** **Tuesday, 17 September 2024** [Chapter 1 \-- Introduction: What is Ecology?] - - - - - Vocabulary **ecological community biome biosphere** **population ecosystem model** **spec...

**Study Guide for Ecology** **Lecture Exam \#1 \-- Chapters 1, 17, and 2** **To Be Given in Person** **Tuesday, 17 September 2024** [Chapter 1 \-- Introduction: What is Ecology?] - - - - - Vocabulary **ecological community biome biosphere** **population ecosystem model** **species** [Chapter 17: Species Interactions and Community Structure] - What are **food webs**? - Be familiar with indirect biotic interactions, such as **indirect commensalism** and **apparent competition**. Be familiar with concepts and examples of **keystone species** and **keystone predators**. - What contributions did Robert Paine and Jane Lubchenco make in regard to food webs? How did removal/addition of top predators from the rocky intertidal zone alter species richness and abundance of the invertebrate food web? - Consider ways in which native species of ants are important mutualists in the fynbos of South Africa. Consider ways in which the invasive Argentine ant (*Linepithema humile*) affected the natural community of the fynbos. - How does the fire ant (*Solenopsis geminata*) act as a **keystone predator** in Mexican crop fields? What type of biotic interactions involve the yellow citrus ant (*Oecophylla smaragdina*) and humans and insects in citrus groves in China? [Chapter 2 \-- Life on Land (Part 1)] - During lecture, I discussed several, major influences on global patterns of temperature and precipitation (climate): uneven heating of the Earth\'s surface, Earth\'s tilt, etc. Which of these influences is responsible for the seasons, for surface air patterns, and for differences in local climatic conditions? - What influences do Hadley cells have on winds and formation of many of the great deserts? - Remember, proximity to mountains or oceans, latitude, and elevation strongly influence local climatic conditions. How so? - Vocabulary: **equinox Coriolis effect** **solstice rain shadow topography solar equator Hadley cells** **[Chapter 2 Life on Land (Part 2)]** - Be familiar with climatic conditions that influence biomes. - Be familiar with **tundra**, **temperate deciduous forest**, **desert**, and **tropical rainforest** biomes, as covered