EBP and Organizational Communication (Nursing) PDF

Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Management: Standards of Nursing Practice & Organizational Communication Reniel A. Sanchez, MAN, RN GENERAL OBJECTIVE: At the end of 4-hour lecture the students nurses shall be able to gain comprehensive knowledge on Evidence-based Practice...

Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Management: Standards of Nursing Practice & Organizational Communication Reniel A. Sanchez, MAN, RN GENERAL OBJECTIVE: At the end of 4-hour lecture the students nurses shall be able to gain comprehensive knowledge on Evidence-based Practice in Nursing Care Management particularly on the Understanding the Standards of Nursing Practice and Communication strategies. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: ✏ Define Standards of Nursing Practice and its importance in upholding Standards of Nursing Profession. ✏ Differentiate Nursing Practice Standards: Nursing Care Competency Standards, Philippine Professional Nursing Practice Standards, Patient Care Standards. ✏ Utilize Nursing Care Standards tools in appraising Nurse competency at various level or setting and in formulating evidence-based practice Nursing Program. ✏ Identify and Integrate communication strategies in enhancing organizational behavior: Conducts of Meeting, Memo, Minutes, Survey and Presentation. ✏ Engage actively through question and clarification. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE (EBP): ✏ The (now) gold standard of nursing practice, the deals with the integration of research findings, clinical expertise and preferences to significantly improve the management of clinical practice, nursing education and administration. ✏ Designed to reduce the unthinking, ritualistic practices in nursing care. Evidence-based Practices in: Clinical Education Administration Social & Spiritual Care Teaching Strategy Communication Culture-related Care Online/Virtual learning Stress & Conflict Bundles of Care Technology/Informatics Decision Making Counseling/Education Simulation and skills Recruitment/Retention Medication Administration Role Playing Strategy Nursing Standards Patient Engagement Student Engagement Staff Engagement Part 1: Standards of Nursing Practice STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE ✏ An authoritative statements by which the nursing profession describes the responsibilities for which its practitioners are accountable. ✏ Reflects the values and priorities of the profession and provide both a direction for professional nursing practice and a framework for the evaluation of this practice. ✏ An accountability statement to the public and the outcomes for which registered nurses are responsible. “A competent level of nursing care, as demonstrated by the critical thinking model known as the nursing process, which includes the components of assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation,” and represents the problem-solving process that the registered nurse follows in daily interactions with patients, groups, communities, and systems.” (ANA 2010) STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING PERFORMANCE ✏ Describes how the registered nurse follows the Standards of Practice, completes the nursing process, and deals with other nursing practice issues as they arise in his or her career. ✏ Registered nurses are accountable for their professional actions to themselves, their patients, their peers, and ultimately to society. “A competent level of behavior in the professional role, including activities related to ethics, education, evidence-based practice and research, quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resource utilization, and environmental health.” (ANA, 2010) NURSING COMPETENCY STANDARDS ✏ A competency is an expected and measurable level of nursing performance that integrates knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgment, all of which are based on scientific knowledge and expectations for nursing practice. ✏ Formal, informal, and reflective learning experiences foster development of the requisite knowledge, skills, abilities, and judgment necessary for safe, high-quality nursing practice. ✏ Competence in nursing practice must be evaluated by the individual nurse (self-assessment); nurse peers; and nurses in the roles of supervisor, coach, mentor, or preceptor. ✏ Other aspects of nursing performance may be evaluated by professional colleagues and by patients or clients. ✏ May vary between countries: 🇵🇭 🇺🇸 🇬🇧 🇨🇦 🇦🇺 🇳🇿  🇵🇭 PHILIPPINE PROFESSIONAL NURSING PRACTICE STANDARDS ✏ Republic Act 7164: Philippine Nursing Act of 1991 ✏ Republic Act 9173: Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 In 2009, Philippine Regulatory Board of Nursing initiated the: ✏ Review of Nursing Core Competency Standards 2005 ✏ Formulation to Completion of: 1. Nursing Roles and Responsibilities 2012 2. Standards of Professional Nursing Practice 2012 & 2017 3. National Nursing Core Competency Standards 2012 & 2017 4. Indicators of Performance 2012 and 2017 1. To have better understanding of obligation. 2. To use as basis for enhancing competence. To assure competence, safe, 3. To advocate for change in policies & Practice. quality nursing care and ethical practice. 4. To define & resolve practice issues & concerns. Nurse Patients Purpose of Standards of Nursing Education Practice Employers 1. To develop job descriptions To serve as guide in setting 2. To develop orientation and in-service programs of nursing curriculum standards 3. To create performance appraisal tool Philippine Regulatory Board of Nursing To use as bases for legal responsibility to protect the public by regulating nursing practice by: 1. Recognizing the entry level education program; 2. Providing guidance to nurses of their professional obligations; 3. Providing a foundation for assessment of their professional performance; 4. Clarifying to the public and other health care professionals what the profession expects of its members; 5. Serving as basis in addressing incompetent and unethical nursing practice. MAJOR NURSING ROLES (3) AND RESPONSIBILITIES (14) Patient Care Leadership & Management Research Practices in accordance with legal Demonstrates management and leadership principles and code of ethics in skills to provide safe and quality care. Engages in nursing or health making and professional judgment. related research with or under Utilizes the nursing process in the the supervision of an interdisciplinary care of clients Demonstrates accountability for experienced researches. the empowers the client's and safe nursing practice. promote safe and quality care. Demonstrates management and leadership Maintains complete, accurate, skills to deliver health programs and services and up-to-date recording effectively to specific clients groups in the Evaluates a research study/ report and reporting system. community setting. using guidelines in the conduct Establishes a collaborative relationship of a written research critique. Manages a community/village based health with colleagues and other members facility component of a health program of the team to enhance nursing or a nursing service. and other health care services. Demonstrates ability to lead Applies the research process in and supervise nursing support staff. improving patient care in Promotes professional and personal partnership with a quality growth and development. Utilizes appropriate mechanisms of improvement/ quality assurance/ networking, linkage building and referrals. nursing audit team. Domains (4) of Standards of Professional Practice: Value-based Nursing Practice Knowledge-driven Nursing Practice The Clinical decision-making process guided The consistent application of scientific body of by empirical body of knowledge, ethico- knowledge and skills through the integration of moral values and practices, rules and the different patterns of knowing such as regulations, combined with appropriate esthetics, ethics, and personal relationships competencies in client care reflecting as bases for safe and sound judgment personal and professional values when to appropriate care of clients. engaging with others of diverse cultures. Outcome-oriented Relationships Leadership and Governance The intra- and inter-professional relationships The influencing of other people through the that lead to an enhancement of one’s role exercise of authority, direction, control, and through communication, collaboration, and regulation in the practice of the nursing understanding of cultural context to achieve profession to achieve desired goals. mutually-agreed outcomes for client care.  VALUE-BASED NURSING PRACTICE Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* A1. CARE FOR CLIENTS Provides quality and safe nursing care The provision of professional nursing utilizing the nursing process. services to varied clients: across the Demonstrates appropriate knowledge lifespan with varying health-illness Page 9 and skills based on health/ illness status. status and gender; to health or at- risk families, population groups and Provides sound decision making communities in the care considering belief and values. A2. ETHICAL, MORAL Adheres to ethico-moral and legal AND LEGAL PRACTICE considerations when providing safe Ethical- refers to principles that and quality care. encourage universal values such as trust, respect, fairness, benevolence. Protects client’s rights based on Patient’s Bill of Right and Obligations. Page 9-10 Moral- refers to belief of what is right or wrong. Legal- Refers to conformity to the Applies ethical reasoning and decision- provisions of relevant laws and making process to address situations of jurisprudence. ethical and moral dilemma. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  VALUE-BASED NURSING PRACTICE Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Adheres to the established norms of conducts based on Philippine Nursing Law A2. ETHICAL, MORAL and other legal, regulatory and institutional requirements relevant to safe practice. Page 10 AND LEGAL PRACTICE Accepts responsibility and accountability for own decisions and actions. Assumes responsibility and accountability for personal and professional development A3. PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL VALUES and for lifelong learning. Personal values of individuals that Demonstrates continual competence and are internalized from the society. professional growth Page 11 Professional values that guide Engages in advocacy activities to influence nursing practice and which health and social care services. influence one’s work behavior. Models personal and professional behavior and values. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN NURSING PRACTICE Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* B1. RESEARCH Plans research activities individually or in Scientific process that validates groups to generate relevant areas to study. existing theories/models and Conducts relevant research studies. Page 12 generates new knowledge to improve nursing practice, client Uses research results/findings to improve outcomes and health care delivery. nursing practice. Uses the current best evidence in providing B2. EVIDENCE-BASED safe and quality care. NURSING Problem-solving approach that Collaborates with the healthcare team and integrates current best evidences, other stakeholders in the application of Page 13 clinical expertise and client’s best research evidence in client care. preference and values in making decisions towards promoting safe Integrates client’s values, preferences, best and quality nursing practice. evidences and clinical expertise in decision making for client care. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  KNOWLEDGE-DRIVEN NURSING PRACTICE Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Participates in quality improvement B3. CONTINUAL QUALITY programs and activities. IMPROVEMENT The analysis of performance, Contributes to continuing growth and monitoring of the processes development of the profession & the nurse. Page 13-14 outcome, and application of strategies for the improvement of Keeps abreast with trends and safe and quality nursing care. developments of healthcare systems and nursing profession. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  OUTCOME-ORIENTED PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Establishes working relationships with clients, family/relatives, health team members and other stakeholders. C1. COMMUNICATION The relational process whereby message are transmitted and Communicates effectively with clients understood by both the sender and healthcare team members and other the recipient using varied models, stakeholders to facilitate delivery of care. Page 14-15 skills and approaches including media and information technology Responds to needs of individuals, families, with the goal to facilitate effective health care delivery. population groups, and communities. Uses safe, appropriate and secure technology to facilitate communication. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  OUTCOME-ORIENTED PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Establishes collaborative relationships with C2. COLLABORATION colleagues & other health team members. AND TEAMWORK Coordinates plan of care with inter- Collaboration- The partnership professional health team members. among the health care professionals which reciprocal and founded on Applies principles of collaboration & respect and tryst, considering each partnership to improve delivery of services. other’s expertise in achieving mutual goals. Determines resources available for Page 15-16 networking, linkage building, and referral Teamwork- Function effectively necessary for improving delivery of services. within nursing and interprofessional Collaborates with Government and NGOs teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and other socio-civic organizations related and shared decision making to to environmental and community health achieve quality patient care. Engages in advocacy activities that foster the growth/devt of the nursing profession. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  OUTCOME-ORIENTED PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* C3. TRANCULTURAL NURSING CARE The provision of safe, efficacious, Demonstrates better understanding responsible and meaningful nursing of the role of culture in the Page 17 services to people according to delivery of nursing care. their cultural values and health- illness context. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE STANDARDS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Develops self-awareness towards personal and professional growth. Determines one’s career path, considering the current and relevant D1. PERSONAL AND frameworks for development. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Pursues continuing professional The acquisition of knowledge and development. skills for ensuring that one’s Page 18 performance in the chosen area of Adapts to changes in nursing and health. expertise is always a the highest Gets involved in professional organizations possible level, in both career and socio-civic activities. and life roles. Performs functions according to professional standards. Demonstrates positive attitude towards change and criticism. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE STANDARDS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Supervises the nursing care given by others, D2. RESPONSIBILITY AND while retaining accountability for the ACCOUNTABILITY quality of care given to clients. Responsibility- The nurse’s obligations, accountability and liability in carrying out the authority accorded by the state through the Seeks ways to promote nursing Nursing Law and other regulatory autonomy and accountability. Page 19 laws, policies and rules. Accountability- The nurse’s willingness to be judged against performance expectations and live Participates in the development with the consequences of one’s of policies and standards actions. regarding safe nursing practice. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE STANDARDS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* D3. POSITIVE PRACTICE Promotes a healthy, safe ENVIRONMENT and quality environment of care. The nurse performs in a supportive, safe, caring, encouraging, and Page 19-20 positively charged workplace where the individual’s holistic potentials are Maintains professionalism maximally developed. in the workplace. D4. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Participates in activities that contribute The obligation to act in fulfilling to the attainment of social goals one’s civic duty for the benefit of and development. society. The nurse sensitive and responsive to the social, cultural, economic, political, spiritual and Empowers self, clients and society environmental issues. towards social responsibility. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards.  LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE STANDARDS Performance Standard Competencies Indicators* Utilizes resources necessary to deliver client care. D5. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Advocates for safe staffing pattern. The efficient and effective allocation of resources, where and when they Utilizes financial, technical, physical and material resources to support client care. Page 21 are needed, and which include human, organizational, information, Follows established mechanism to ensure financial, technical equipment, proper functioning of equipment. materials and physical resources. Maintains a safe work environment. *Read: Performance Indicators, Promulgation of Philippine Nursing Practice Standards. Part 2: Communication Strategies COMMUNICATION The process of passing information (sending) and understanding (receiving) the same form one person to another through verbal and non verbal means. Communication needs to be effective in any organization. The basic functions (Plan, Organize, Direct and Control) of management cannot be performed without effective communication. There should be an effective communication between superiors and subordinated in an organization, between organization and society at large (for example between hospital management & employees unions). Communication gaps should be proactively identified for improvement since it is essential for the success and growth of an organization. TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 1. Oral Communication is the exchange of information and ideas by means of spoken word and visual aid. It can be a face-to-face interaction or through an electronic device such as a phone or radio. v Formal Communication: One-on-one conversations, meetings, interview, teleconference or discussion, speeches and presentation. v Informal Communication: Grapevine, intercom, paging. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Immediate Feedback Poor Retention Time saving and efficient No record Economical Time consuming Personal touch Misunderstanding Flexibility Lengthy Messages Secrecy Lack of responsibility Effectiveness Imprecise TYPES OF COMMUNICATION 2. Written Communication is communication by means of written symbols or sign that is communicated by or to or between people or groups. v Internal Communication : Agenda, minutes of meeting, bulletin, notice, report, operating manual, circular and office order. v External Communication: Websites, letters, proposals, telegrams, faxes, postcards, contracts, advertisements, brochures, and news. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Future reference No instant feedback Accurate Time consuming No physical presence No personal touch Uniform transmission Becomes very lengthy Transmit complex information May not read carefully Removes conflicts/Misunderstanding Covey message to mass PROCESS OF RUNNING A MEETING STEPS DETAILS Plan ü Outline the meeting and decides the participants of the meeting. ü Plan an agenda in sequence, and the time given to each topic. the Meeting ü Plan the starting time, breaks and approximate time should end. Announce ü Inform the participants through a letter, memo or via e-mail. ü Specify the date, time, agenda and online platform that will be used. the Meeting ü Give each participant responsibility for the agenda item. ü Start on time, arrive 10-15 minutes before the set time for the meeting. ü Circulate the notes and handouts, and the attendance sheet. Conduct ü State the objective and give introduction of the members. ü Discuss each agendum within the given time frame. the meeting ü Encourage attendees participation by giving ideas and feedbacks. ü Provide a quick summary of the discussed issues/topic and pending issues that need to be discussed on next meeting. Evaluate ü Distribute an evaluation to get the feedback on the conducted meeting. ü Re-assess the following: Set objectives, time frame and productivity of the Meeting discussion, and part of the meeting that was not significant. CONDUCT OF MEETING serves as direction or guidance to observe rules, formalities and to ensure the validity of the meeting. POINTS DETAILS ü The secretary has the responsibility to arrange a meeting by issuing notice (letter or memo) and making other arrangement. Role and ü The chairman is the supreme authority of the meeting. His order or ruling Responsibility have to be accepted. No-confidence move against the chairman can, however, be raised. ü The name of the chairman is formally proposed and seconded and then the chairman takes the chair. ü The secretary reads out the notice at the request of the chairman to confirm the notice already circulated. ü The secretary reads out letters of good wishes by some important Order personalities or apologies for absence, etc. if any. of Business ü The minutes of the previous meeting may be read out by the secretary at the request of the chairman. Any member may raise some objection and ask for alteration. The secretary will make necessary changes with the consent of the meeting. The chairman shall now confirm the minutes by signing with date. CONDUCT OF MEETING POINTS DETAILS ü The chairman will now raise the matters arising out of the minutes. It means reports to be placed by the secretary on how far actions have been taken on the decisions made at the last meeting or taking up any unfinished matter at the last meeting. ü The next step by the chairman will be to take up the new business Order according to the agenda, one by one serially. Discussions will take place and resolutions, will be passed on them. of Business ü When all the items in the agenda have been completed, the chairman shall enquire whether there is any other business to be proposed by any member which is within the scope of the meeting. ü Lastly, a vote of thanks is offered to the chairman by some member. ü The chairman declares the meeting as closed. ü The chairman declares the next schedule of the meeting. ü A meeting may be adjourned without transacting any business for want Adjournment of quorum or at any time after it has been in progress, temporarily or sine die. There are definite procedures for adjournment. CONDUCT OF MEETING POINTS DETAILS Passing a ü There are rules which have to be followed, step by step, to pass a resolution. The steps are: motion, seconding, amendment, if any, voting Resolution and finally the resolution. ü A meeting may be adjourned without transacting any business for want Adjournment of quorum or at any time after it has been in progress, temporarily or sine die. There are definite procedures for adjournment. ü One can speak after taking permission of the chairman. ü Only one person shall speak at a time. (Mutual respect) Speaking ü Generally while speaking one shall rise on his feet. However, one can speak in a sitting position at Committee and Board Meeting. at a Meeting ü The speech shall be relevant and brief. ü Once a participant has spoken of a motion, it should not be withdrawn without the consent of the meeting. Leaving ü If any participant wants to leave the place of the meeting when the the Place meeting is in session, he must take permission from the chairman. CONDUCT OF MEETING POINTS DETAILS Observance ü All the rules related to meetings must be strictly observed. The validity of a meeting can be challenged if any rule is violated. of Rules ü By-laws of the Association, Statutory/Company Act, Parliamentary rules. Punctuality ü A meeting must be held punctually at the scheduled time. ü The socially correct, calm and civilized behavior of the participants. ü The participants, while speaking must honor one another’s respect even Decorum though making critical remarks. ü No filthy or derogatory or unparliamentary words to be used. ü The minimum number of members of a meeting that must be present to make the proceedings or decisions of the meeting be valid. Quorum ü It can be determined by: (a) number represents the majority or decision- making positions, (b) by-laws of organization. MINUTES OF MEETING A written record of the conversation and decisions that are made over the course of a meeting. Purpose: ✏ Provides historical record of the organization’s short and long-term planning. ✏ Serves as future reference, to understand the progression and to keep track of decisions and actions made. ✏ Serves as reminder of who was given the assignments or tasks. ✏ Informs the member/s who were not present on the meeting. ✏ Provides legal protection for the organization. FORMAT/TEMPLATE OF MINUTES: ✏ Call to order: (Chairman/Facilitator) called to order the regular meeting of (Organization) at (time) on (date) in (location). ✏ Roll Call: (Secretary) conducted a roll call. The following persons were present: (List of attendees and absent participants). ✏ Approval of the previous minutes: (Secretary) read the minutes from the last meeting. Correction, amendments & acceptance of the minutes. ✏ Open Issues: Open Issue + Summary of discussion +Action/Decision ✏ New Business: Open Issue + Summary of discussion +Action/Decision Open Issue Summary of Discussion Approved Action + In-Charge Discussion, involved person. Action01-10/30/21: To issue a memorandum c/o HR Supervisor Absenteeism among Presentation of data and reports. Action02-10/30/21: To review the Personnel manual and regular staff nurses Analysis of the data, Recommendation implement the recommended disciplinary action by the Motions: taken/rejected, Voting Investigative Committee. ✏ Adjournment: (Chairman/Facilitator) Adjourned the meeting at (time) ✏ Minutes submitted by (Secretary), Minutes approved by: (Chairman)  MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM; TO : ALL CONCERNED ✏ A written reminder use for communicating policies, procedures FROM : Social Committee 2021 SUBJECT : MOTHER PAROL AND BABY PAROL MAKING CONTEST DATE : October 14, 2021 or related official business within In preparation for our Christmas Celebration, the Social Committee 2021 organized exciting activities for all hospital employees and one of these events is the MOTHER PAROL AND BABY PAROL MAKING CONTEST. organization or specific unit within an MOTHER PAROL: Each department will be given a large (Mother) size Paro} skeleton frame on October 25, 2021, that shall be decorated creatively which symbolizes their respective department and in relation with the theme, "Pagpapala sa Gitna ng Pandemya". The deadline of submission of the fully crafted Parol will be on December 9, 2021, and will be awarded on organization. December 17, 2021, during our Christmas Celebration. The Prize for Mother Parol Making Contest are as follows: 1st Placer: Php5,000, 2nd Placer-Php3,000, 3rd Placer-Php 2,000 BABY PAROL: The below-listed units will be given a small (Baby) size Parol skeleton frame on October 25, 2021, that shall be decorated creatively which symbolizes their respective unit and in relation with the theme, "Pagpapala sa Gitna ng Pandemya". The deadline of submission ✏ It is the most versatile documents used to announce technical and of the fully crafted Parol will be on December 6, 2021, and will be awarded on December 10, 2021, during our 115th Anniversary Celebration. The Prize for Baby Parol Making Contest are as follows: administrative information. 1st Placer: Php3,000, znd Placer-Php2,000, 3rd Placer-Phpl,000 Laboratory Heart Station Emergency Room Radiology Admitting and Microbiology and OB Ultrasound ✏ Utilize in establishing records of Cash Management Credit and Collection, Pharmacy Security Medical Records and Auditor and HPMO DPO,ABCand Accounting Medicine Ward Isolation Annex Pulmonary Administration Office and Finance and Hemodialysis and Medical ICU MSO, Ethics, Pediatrics Ward OR/DR Complex Surgery Ward and 08-Gyn Ward and decision, request, responsibilities, Physical Therapy and Pediatrics ICU And Endoscopy Surgical ICU Neonatal ICU Management Purchasing, Property Central Supply and Human Resource Nursing Service Office Information System and Stockroom Sterilization Information Wellness Clinic/ General Service Office Mainte nance Housekeeping results and concerns. and Concierge Dispensary and Linen and Carpentry Family Med Reside nts Medical Residents Surgery Residents Pediatrics Residents 08-Gyn Residents and Dietary The Mother Paro! and Baby Paro! Making Contest will be judged on the following criteria: 30%- Relevance to the Theme, "Pagpapala sa Gitna ng Pandemya". 30%- Representation of the Department (for Mother Paro!) or Unit (for Baby Paro!). 30%- Creativity and Originality 10%- Overall Appearance You may contact Mr. Renie! Sanchez for further question and inquiry about the competition. For your guidance and cooperation. ' ii ¥). C. DURAN MD, FPOGS Medi Chairman, Social Committee 2021 FORMAT/TEMPLATE OF MEMORANDUM: ✏ Heading: Indicates the date, intended recipient/s and the sender. v Subject lines: Main topic, precise and simplified, capitalize words. ✏ Message: Composed of: v Opening Declaration to announce the main subject point. v Details/Discussion to elaborate major points of the subject. v Closing to conclude outcome, responses and action of the subject. Consideration in writing a Memoranda: 📝 Purpose: Objective is clearly announced. 📝 Audience: Reader’s competence to understand the message. 📝 Tone: Formal reflection of policies & procedures and have a valid reference, without personal bias, preference or display of interest. 📝 Refine: Word choices, sentence smoothness, correctness and design (definite margin and spacing). SURVEY ✏ A method of gathering information from a predefined sample population to describe, compare or explain the knowledge, attitudes and behavior. ✏ Can be specific and limited, or have more global, widespread goals. ✏ Modes of Survey: Online, Face-to-Face, Telephone, Paper or Print. ✏ Online Distribution: E-mail, Website, Social Media, Application, QR Code, SMS. Types of Survey Question: MULTIPLE CHOICE List of choices RANKING ORDER Order of preference MULTI-SELECT More than one answer RATING ORDER Personal level WORD ENTRY Open-ended MATRIX TABLE Likert Scale SLIDER Use of draggable bar SIDE-BY-SIDE Multiple question in 1 table DESIGNING A SURVEY: 1. Define the objective 2. Use simple language and understandable text. 3. Identify the respondents/subject: Profession/Patients/Students. 4. Length of question: Dictated only the data that have to be collected. 5. Use appropriate question types that increases the survey response rate. 6. Utilize consistent scales to prevent confusion on the respondents. CHARACTERISTICS OF A SURVEY: A. Sample size: The total no. of respondents required demographics and who can relevantly answer the survey and provide the best insights. B. Types of sampling methods: 1. Probability sampling- Respondent is selected based on theory of probability with equal chance of being selected. 2. Non-probability sampling- Respondent is selected purely on discretion or gut. There is no pre-defined selection method. PRESENTATION ✏ Designed to offer details about a topic or subject and is given to a person or group of people in a form presentation. Presentation must be composed fascinating CONTENT, STRUCTURE and HUMAN ELEMENT. EFFECTIVE PRESENTATION 1. Show passion and connect with the audience. 2. Focus on audience’s needs and want to know. 3. Keep simple and concentrate on core messages. 4. Build rapport, smile and make eye contact with the audience. 5. Start strongly by entertaining and making attention grabbing slide. 6. Remember the 10 (slides)-20 (minutes)-30 (Font) rule of slideshow. 7. Tell stories and even visual presentation should act like a story. 8. Use voice effectively with varying speed, pitch and tone. 9. Body language: Open gestures, confident, move naturally on stage. 10. Relax, breathe and enjoy the presentation. End of Presentation