Earth and Life Science 24-25 PDF

Earth and Life Science ANNABETH M. AQUE Faculty, Science and Research Department Integrated Developmental School, College of Education Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology Earth and Life Science Earth: A Habitable Planet Learning Objectives: 1. Reco...

Earth and Life Science ANNABETH M. AQUE Faculty, Science and Research Department Integrated Developmental School, College of Education Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology Earth and Life Science Earth: A Habitable Planet Learning Objectives: 1. Recognize the the uniqueness of the Earth being the only planet in the Solar System with properties necessary to support life 2. Explain the Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow How well you know our planet Earth? EARTH is the third planet from the sun and the only object in the universe known to harbor life. It is the fifth largest planet in the Solar System, being the largest terrestrial planet with the highest density. What makes our planet different from other planets? EARTH: A Habitable Planet FACTORS THAT MAKES A PLANET HABITABLE 1. Temperature 2. Water 3. Atmosphere 4. Energy 5. Nutrients  TEMPERATURE It influences how quickly atoms, molecules or organisms move. Low T slows down chemical reaction and produces ice that makes liquid water unavailable. High T can cause breakdown of Ideal temperature important to support life is biological between -15 C to molecules 115 C  WATER It is essential to all life forms. It is one of the important ingredients in the different biological process. Absence of these will interfere reactions necessary for life. However, solid form of this will also hinder living organisms to use. Water on earth has different forms. It is solid (ice) in the two poles and liquid along the equator which allows living organisms to consume it.  ATMOSPHERE It provides significant insulation or shield from the sun and impact of small to medium size meteorites. Greenhouse gases like CO2 and CH4 trap heat and protects our planet from freezing. O3 layer shields the earth from harmful UV radiation. It also provides chemicals needed for life, such as N and Earth has the right size and distance from the CO2. The size of the planet sun that permits it to have a right amount of and its distance from the sun atmmosphere. The presence of gravity also affects its ability to hold helps in sustaining its atmosphere significant amount of atmosphere  ENERGY Sun or any chemical energy used to run chemical reactions necessary for life Earth has available energy- rich sunlight that support life. Living organisms like plants and photosynthetic bacteria use light as the source of their energy. Some chemosynthetic organisms rely on chemical energy to support various Earth is at the right position from the sun biological processes. that enables it to harness enough amount of sunlight  NUTRIENTS It is an essential factor used to build and maintain organism body structure, insufficient or absence of nutrients can impede synthesis of the different biological molecules. Volcanism also helps in cycling the nutrients. In our planet, there are processes that recycle nutrients. Water, carbon, and oxygen, phosphate and nitrogen cycle are some of the example. Reflection: 1. Do you agree that those five factors of Earth are necessary to support life? Why? 2. If you will add one factor, that you think is necessary to support life, what is it and why? 3. Which of the five factors do you think is more important than the others? Why? Earth and Life Science Earth Subsystems Earth as a SYSTEM  Mangrove forests stabilize the coastline, reducing erosion from storm surges, currents, waves, and tides. The intricate root system of mangroves also makes these forests attractive to fish and other Earth as a SYSTEM organisms seeking food and shelter from predators. System - a set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole. Example: Ecosystem. An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants and animials and other organisms exist with their landscape and weather in an interconnected system of life. Earth as a SYSTEM Closed System - only an exchange of heat or energy and exchange of matter Four Subsystems: 1. Atmosphere (air) 2. Geosphere (earth/land) 3. Hydrosphere (water) 4. Biosphere (life) ATMOSPHERE It is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s surface, primarily composed of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen. Other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, and other inert gases made the remaining 1% It supports life by providing OXYGEN for animals and CARBON DIOXIDE for plants It also supports life indirectly by regulating climate It serves as a blanket for harmful radiation during the day and keeps the earth warm during the night. “invisible shield” Located close to the Earth’s surface where it is most dense GEOSPHERE The geosphere includes all the rocks that make up Earth, from the partially melted rock under the crust, to ancient, towering mountains, to grains of sand on a beach It includes the core, mantle, and crust of the Earth It also provides a habitat for different life forms GEOSPHERE Tectonic Activity Describes the interaction of huge slabs of lithosphere Responsible for some of the geologic events Driven by the Earth’s internal heat Mantle convection describes the movement of mantle as it transfers heat from the inner core to the brittle lithosphere HYDROSPHERE The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air A planet’s hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice Just like the geosphere, it also provides a habitat for different life forms Geographically located in Central Mindanao, Lake Lanao is the second largest lake in the Philippines. HYDROSPHERE The total amount of solid, liquid, and gaseous water on Earth ranges from 10-20 km in thickness Cryosphere: frozen part of water This is about 70% of the planet and much of it is in the form of ocean water Only 3% is fresh Maria Cristina Falls is one of the few waterfalls globally which has an intricate hydroelectric power plant built into its infrastructure. The plant was first commissioned in 1955 and has since been supplying power throughout the whole island of Mindanao in the southern Philippines. HYDROSPHERE Water Cycle describes the continuous movement of the water on, above and below the surface of the Earth BIOSPHERE The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of the trees, to the dark environment of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests and high mountaintops Since life exists on the ground, in the air, and in the water, the biosphere The critically endangered Philippine eagle is also overlaps all these spheres known as the monkey-eating eagle for its ability to carry off monkeys and other large prey. Photograph by Patricio Robles Gil, Nature Picture Library SUBSYSTEMS INTERACTIONS Identify the subsystems interacting in this example (Typhoon Sendong, 2013)