Drills and Ceremonies Handouts PDF

“SPUD Army ROTC Vision: By 2028, a source of national pride in ROTC training.” ARMY RESERVE OFFICERS TRAINING CORPS UNIT WELCOME MILITARY SCIENCE 1 Service, Patriotism, Unity, and Duty SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  SCOPE OF PRESENTATION ▪ Historical Background of Dril...

“SPUD Army ROTC Vision: By 2028, a source of national pride in ROTC training.” ARMY RESERVE OFFICERS TRAINING CORPS UNIT WELCOME MILITARY SCIENCE 1 Service, Patriotism, Unity, and Duty SAFETY PRECAUTIONS  SCOPE OF PRESENTATION ▪ Historical Background of Drills and Ceremonies ▪ General Drill Information ▪ Basic Commands (Attention, Parade Rest, Facing, Stationary Movement and Marching) ▪ Command Voice ▪ Salute  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this session, the Cadets must be able to: A. Explain the historical background of drills & ceremonies B. Execute the basic commands C. Perform the basic commands by submitting his/her own video. INTRODUCTION As armament and weapon improved, drill has had to adapt to the tactical concepts. Although the procedures taught in drill today are not normally employed on the battlefields, those objectives accomplished by drill such as teamwork, confidence, pride, alertness, attention to detail, esprit de corps and discipline are as important. Drill instruction increases skill and coordination, accustoms a soldier to group response to commands and promote teamwork. Historical Background of Drills and Ceremonies Reviews in the Armed Forces of the Philippines were patterned after the United States Army’s. This is since the Americans greatly influenced the Philippine government’ educational system and the military during their occupation of the country right after the Spanish regime. US military reviews were outlined in the Regulation for the Order and Discipline of the troops of the United States commonly known as the Blue Book written in 1779 by Baron Friedrich von Steuben, a former Prussian Officer under Frederick the Great. General Drill Information “Troops who march in an irregular and disorderly manner are always in great danger of being defeated.” – Vegetius: De Re Militari: A.D. 378 General Drill Information ▪ The AFP prescribes its own drill regulations with the end goal of cultivating to the full alertness and the presence of mind of each military personnel not only during drills but at all times. These attributes of character are essential to the members of the AFP. ▪ All movements in this manual are precision movements designed to foster proper coordination among military personnel. Teamwork is the final result. ▪ In the military service, we help attain teamwork through drill and ceremonies. ▪ In the military service, we help attain teamwork through drill and ceremonies. Drill Terms and Definitions Drill - consists of certain movements by which the squad, platoon, company or battalion is moved in an orderly manner from one formation to another. These movements are executed with smartness, order and precision. Drill Terms and Definitions Alignment (Linya) A straight line upon which several elements are formed. It is the dressing of several elements upon a straight line. A unit is aligned when it is dressed. Drill Terms and Definitions Arms Swing The swinging of arms must be 6 inches in front and 3 inches straight to the rear of the trouser seams, with knuckles out facing forward and fingers formed into a fist with the thumb over the forefinger. Drill Terms and Definitions Base The element on which a movement is regulated. For instance, in executing right front into line, the leading squad is the base. Drill Terms and Definitions Cadence: The uniform rhythm by which a movement is executed or the number of steps or counts per minute of which movement is executed. Drill movements are normally executed at the cadence of quick time or double time. Two parts of cadence: Double Time and Quick Time cadence. Drill Terms and Definitions Double Time (Takbong Hakbang): Cadence at a rate of 180 steps per minute. Quick Time (Siglang Hakbang): Cadence at a rate of 120 steps per minute. Echelon: One of a series of elements formed one behind another. This is also a modification of line formation in which adjacent elements are disposed one in the rear of the other. Drill Terms and Definitions Center (Gitna): The middle point or element of a command. In a platoon of three squads in line, the second squad from the right is the center. With four squads in the platoon, the second squad from the right is the center squad, the rule being that when these are even number of squads (platoons), the right-center squad (platoon) is the center squad (platoon). Drill Terms and Definitions Depth (Lalim): The space from front to rear of any formation or position. This includes the front and rear elements. The depth of a man is assumed to be 12 inches. Drill Terms and Definitions Distance (Layo): The space between elements when the elements are one behind the other. Between units, it varies with the size of the formation; between individuals it is an arm’s length to the front plus 6 inches or about 40 inches, ,measured from chest of one man to the back of the man immediately to his front. Drill Terms and Definitions Element: An individual, squad, platoon, company, or larger unit forming as part of the next larger unit. Eyes Right (Handa Tingin sa Kanan Na): The direction of the face during the eyes right should be 45 degrees to the right side. File (Tudling): Two men, the front-rank man and the corresponding man of the rear rank. The front-rank man is the file leader. A file which has no rear-rank man is not a file. The term file applies also to a single man in a single rank formation. It is a single column of men one behind the other. Drill Terms and Definitions Line Formation: Is a formation in which the elements are side by side abreast of each other. In a platoon line, the members of each squad are abreast of each other with the squad one behind the other. Column Formation: Is a formation in which the elements are one behind the other. In a platoon column, the members of each squad are one behind the other, with the squads abreast of each other. Note: To change a line formation to a column, the command is Right Face. To change column formation to a line formation, the command is Left Face. Drill Terms and Definitions Front (Harap): The direction in which a command faces. Frontage (Harapan): The space occupied by an element measured from one flank to the opposite flank. The frontage of a man is assumed to be 22 inches, measured from the right to the elbow and therefore does not include the 12 inches between all men in line. The frontage of squad, however, includes the intervals between men. Drill Terms and Definitions Guide (Gabay): The man with whom the command or element thereof regulates its march. This is often the case in battle or on practice marches. In a squad, a private (number 1 front rank) is often the guide. Drill Terms and Definitions Head (Unahan): The leading element of a column. To understand the definition, one must remember that an element is a file squad, platoon, company or larger unit forming as part of the next larger unit. Drill Terms and Definitions Interval (Pagitan): The lateral space between elements on the same line. An interval is measured between individuals from shoulder to shoulder; and between formations, from flank to flank. Unit commanders and those with them are not considered in measuring interval between elements of the unit with which they are posted. There are three types of interval: normal interval, close interval and double interval. Drill Terms and Definitions Normal interval (Tunton sa kanan): Is the lateral space between men, measured from right to left by the man on the right holding his left arm shoulder high, fingers and thumb extended and joined with the tip of the middle finger touching the right shoulder of the man to his left. The normal interval between individuals is one arm’s length. Close interval (Masinsin pagitan, tunton sa kanan): Is the horizontal distance between shoulder and elbow when the left hand is placed on the left hip. Drill Terms and Definitions Double interval (Sa ibayong dalang, tunton sa kanan): Is the lateral space between men, measured from right to left by raising both arms, shoulder with fingers extended and joined, palms down so that fingertips are touching the fingertips of the man to the right and left. Left (Kaliwa): The left extremity or element of a body of troops. Right (Kanan): The right extremity of element of a body of troops. Drill Terms and Definitions Line (Linya): A formation in which the different elements are abreast of each other. The expression “abreast of each other” means on the same line. The other vital parts of this definition centers on the word “element”. A section may be an element. Therefore, if the leading elements of several sections are on the same line, it becomes a line formation. Oblique (Lihis): An angle between 0 and 45 degrees. (Right/Left oblique) march is at an angle of 45 degrees). Drill Terms and Definitions Order Close: The formation in which the units in double rank, are separated by intervals greater than that in close order. Pace: 30 inches is the length of the full step in quick time. The pace in double time is 36 inches. Piece: The term piece as used in this text means the rifle or automatic rifle. Drill Terms and Definitions Point of the Rest: The point at which a formation begins especially the point toward which units are aligned in successive movements. For instance, in executing “ON RIGHT INTO LINE”, the point of rest is the place where the leading squad halts. Rank: Is a line which is only one element in depth. Cover: Is aligning yourself directly behind the man to your immediate front while maintaining correct distance. Drill Terms and Definitions Post: Is the correct place for an officer or cadet/cadette to stand in a prescribed formation. This can be in front, behind or by the side of a unit. When changes in formation involve changes of posts, the new post is taken by the most direct route and as soon as practicable, after the command of execution. Step (Hakbang): The distance measured from heel to heel between the feet of a man walking. A step maybe any prescribed number of inches. The half step and back step are 15 inches. The right step and left step are 12 inches. The steps in quick and double time are 30 and 36 inches, respectively. Drill Terms and Definitions Sword Swing: The swinging of sword must be 6 inches in front and 3 inches to the rear of the trouser seams. Step (Hakbang): The distance measured from heel to heel between the feet of a man walking. A step maybe any prescribed number of inches. The half step and back step are 15 inches. The right step and left step are 12 inches. The steps in quick and double time are 30 and 36 inches, respectively. Drill Terms and Definitions As You Were (Manumbalik): To cancel or revoke the previous command, the command MANUMBALIK is given, on this command, the movement of troops and men resumes its former position. Commands and Command Voice A command is an oral order of a commander. The precision of a movement is affected by the manner in which the command is given. The following rules for giving commands apply to the commander when the unit drills as a separate unit and not as a part of a larger formation: Commands and Command Voice a) When at halt, the commander faces the troops when giving commands. On the commands that set the unit in motion (marching from one point to another), the commander moves simultaneously with the unit to maintain correct position within the formation. b) When marching, the commander turns his/her head toward the direction of the troops to give commands. c) Exceptions to these rules occur during ceremonies. Commands and Command Voice 2 Parts of Command Most drill commands have two parts: the preparatory command and the command of execution. Neither is a command itself, but the parts are termed commands to simplify instruction. The command Handa, sipat, putok (Ready, aim, fire) is considered to be a two-part command even though it contains two pre-commands. Commands and Command Voice 2 Parts of Command a) The preparatory command states the movement to be carried out and mentally prepares the individual for its execution. In the command Pasulong kad, the preparatory command is Pasulong. b) The command of execution tells when the movement is to be carried out. In Pasulong kad, the command of execution is kad. Commands and Command Voice 2 Parts of Command To change the direction of the unit when marching, the preparatory command and the command of execution for each movement are given so they begin and end in the direction of the turn. Kanang panig, kad (Right flank) is given as the right foot strikes the marching surface and Kaliwang panig kad (Left flank) as the left foot strikes the marching surface. The interval between the preparatory command and the command of execution is normally one step or count. Commands and Command Voice English to Filipino Version The AFP commands are derived from English and subsequently translated to Filipino. This attempt to localize the English version has brought about varied interpretations as to the preciseness of the terms being used. In the command of execution, for example, the words Rap, Na, Kad, Ta and others are often misused or interchanged. The commander also opts to use what s/he thinks is appropriate. Commands and Command Voice English to Filipino Version In general, the word Na is used to signal the command of execution except for the following: Ta – (abbreviated Sandata) manual of arms for rifles and pistols except for Kalis and Talibong, which fall under general rule. Kad – (abbreviated Lakad) from at rest to motion and all subsequent commands in motion, e.g.: Pasulong, kad. Commands and Command Voice English to Filipino Version To – (abbreviated Hinto) from motion to rest. Rap – (abbreviated Harap) in Handa harap as literal translation of Ready Front. They are also to be used in the commands left face, right face and about face. Da – (abbreviated Humanda) for attention. Nga – (abbreviated Pahinga) in Tikas Pahinga or Parade Rest. Commands and Command Voice Combined Commands In some commands, the preparatory command and the command of execution are combined, for example, Humanay (Fall In), Paluwag (At Ease), Lumansag (Dismiss). The commands are given without inflection and at a uniform high pitch and loudness comparable to that of a normal command of execution. Commands and Command Voice Supplementary Commands Supplementary commands are oral orders given by a subordinate leader to reinforce and complement a commander’s orders. They ensure proper understanding and execution of a movement. They extend to the lowest subordinate leader exercising control over an element for s/he commands as a separate element within the same formation. Commands and Command Voice A supplementary command may be a preparatory command, a portion of a pre-command or a two-part command. It is normally given between the pre-command and the command of execution. It is used when a command requires an element of a unit to execute a movement different from other elements within the same formation, or the same movement at the time prescribed by the procedures covering that particular movement. For example, the platoon is in column formation and the platoon leader commands Dalawahang tudling sunudsunuran mula sa kaliwa, (pause) kad. The first and second tudling leaders command Pasulong; the third and fourth tudling leaders command Manatili (Stand Fast). Commands and Command Voice Supplementary Commands On the command of execution Kad, the first and second squads will march forward. At the appropriate time, the squad leader (third) nearest the moving element commands Liko hating kaliwa, kad (for both remaining squads). As the third and fourth squad leaders reach the line of the march, they automatically execute a Liko hating kanan and obtain normal distance behind the first and second squads. Commands and Command Voice Supplementary Commands A subordinate leader gives all supplementary commands over his/her right shoulder except when his/her command is based on the actions of an element on his/her left or when the sub-element is to execute Liko sa kaliwa, Liko hating kaliwa or Kaliwang panig. Giving commands over the left shoulder occurs when changing the configuration of a formation, such as forming a file or a column of four and reforming. Commands and Command Voice Note: When in formation at present arms and the preparatory command of order arms is given, the subordinate leaders terminate their salute before giving their supplementary commands. Commands and Command Voice Supplementary Commands Supplementary commands are not given by a sub-leader for the combined commands Humanay, Paluwag, Tiwalag or for mass drills when his/her element forms part of a mass formation. However, supplementary commands are given when forming a mass or when forming a column from a mass. Commands and Command Voice Supplementary Commands Except for commands while in mass formation, platoon leaders give supplementary commands following the commands of the commander. When the preparatory command is Balangay, the platoon leaders immediately come to attention and command Pulutong. The company commander allows for all supplementary commands before giving the command of execution. Commands and Command Voice Mass Commands When the commander wants the unit to use mass commands, s/he commands Sa aking pag-uutos (At my command). The commander gives preparatory command describing the movement to be performed. For example, face the platoon to the right. The command of execution is Rap. When the commander orders Harap sa kanan, Rap (command), all personnel in the unit execute the command harap sa kanan (right face) in unison. Commands and Command Voice Mass Commands To give mass commands while marching, the commander gives preparatory command for the movement and substitutes Kad (Command) for the command of execution Kad (March) for example, Liko sa kanan, Kad (Column right command); Pabalik kad (rear command). Commands and Command Voice The Command Voice Voice Control – The loudness of a command is adjusted to the number of soldiers in the unit. Normally, the commander is in the front and at the center of the unit and speaks facing the unit so that his voice reaches everyone. Distinctiveness – Distinctiveness depends on the correct use of the tongue, lips and teeth that form the separate sounds of a word into syllables. Commands and Command Voice The Command Voice Inflection is the rise and fall in pitch and the tone changes of voice. Commands and Command Voice Directives Directives are given in a sentence form and are formally prefixed by the terms “HAVE YOUR UNITS or BRING YOUR UNITS”. For example, HAVE YOUR UNITS, OPEN RANKS AND STACK ARMS or BRING YOUR UNITS TO PRESENT ARMS. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Halt Position of Attention Command: Human, da! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Position of Attention: a. In coming to attention, bring your heels together smartly on the same line. Hold them as near each other as the conformation of your body permits. b. Turn your feet out equally, forming an angle of 45 degrees. c. Keep your knees straight without stiffness. d. Hold your hips level, your body erect, your chest lifted and arched, your shoulders square and even. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Position of Attention: e. Let your arms hang straight down without stiffness, thumbs along the seams of your trousers. Hold the back of your hands out, with the fingers held naturally so that the thumbs rest along the tip of the forefingers. f. Keep your head erect and squarely to the front, your chin drawn in so that the axis of your head and neck is vertical. Look straight to the front (about 30 yards ahead). g. Rest the weight of your body equally on the heels and the balls of your feet. h. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed Individual Movements Not Under Arms Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Halt The 5 Kinds of Rest: 1) Parade Rest Command: Tikas, Nga! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Parade Rest: The command is TIKAS, NGA. On the preparatory command, TIKAS, shift the weight of your body to the right leg without noticeable movement. On the command of execution, PAHINGA, and at the count of one, move the left foot smartly twelve inches to the left of the right foot. The 12 inches are measured from the inside of the left heel to the inside of the right heel. The legs remain straight without stiffness, allowing the body weight to rest equally on both legs. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Parade Rest: At the same time the left foot is moved, clasped behind the back. The left hand is placed at the small of the back, just below the belt, and the right hand is placed inside the left. The thumb of the right hand interlocks the thumb of the left hand. All the fingers are extended and joined, and the palms are to the rear. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Parade Rest: The elbows shall be in line with the body. Silence and immobility are required. The only command is TILAP/PULUTONG or BALANGAY, DA. On the command of execution, DA, smartly bring the left heel against the right heel and, at the same time, drop the arms to the sides and assume the position of attention. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Halt The 5 Kinds of Rest: 2) Stand At Ease Command: Tindig Paluwag! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Stand At Ease: The command for this movement is TINDIG PALUWAG. On the command of execution PALUWAG, execute PARADE REST, but turn the head and eyes directly toward the person in charge of the formation. AT EASE or REST may be executed from this position. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Halt The 5 Kinds of Rest: 3) At Ease Command: Paluwag! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for At Ease: The command for this movement is PALUWAG. On the command PALUWAG, the soldier may move, however, he must remain standing and silent with his right foot in place. PAHINGA may be executed from this position. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Procedures for Rest: Halt a. The command for this movement is PAHINGA. The 5 Kinds of Rest: b. On the command PAHINGA, the soldier may move or talk, 4) Rest keeping his right foot in place, Command: Pahinga! unless otherwise directed. At Ease may be executed from this position. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Fall Out: Movements While At At the command TIWALAG, you may leave Halt the ranks, but you are required to remain in the immediate area. You resume your former place at attention in ranks at the command The 5 Kinds of Rest: HUMANAY. Being at any of the rests except TIWALAG, to 5) Fall Out resume the position of attention the Command: Tiwalag! command is – TILAP, HUMANDA. At the command TILAP take the position of parade rest. At the command of HUMANDA, take the position of attention. TINDIG PALUWAG, PALUWAG and PAHINGA can also be executed from the position of attention. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Procedures for Dismiss: Halt At the command LUMANSAG, the Dismissing troops shall execute about face Command: and leave the immediate vicinity, Lumansag! unless instructed otherwise. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Facing While At Halt Facing (Right Face/Left Face) Command: Harap sa Kanan/Kaliwa, Rap! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Facing (Right/Left): Facing to the flank is a two-count movement. The command is HARAP SA KANAN (KALIWA), RAP. On the command of execution, RAP slightly raise the right heel and left toe, and turn 90 degrees to the left on the left heel, assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the right foot. Keep the left leg straight without stiffness and allow the right leg to bend naturally. On the second count, place the right foot beside the left foot, resuming the position of attention. Arms remain at the sides, as in the position of attention, throughout this movement. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Facing While At Halt Facing to the Rear Command: Harap sa likod, Rap! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for About Face: Facing to the rear is a two-count movement. The command is HARAP SA LIKOD, RAP. On the command of execution RAP, move the toe of the right foot to a point touching the marching surface about half the length of the foot to the rear and slightly to the left heel. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for About Face: Rest most of the weight of the body on the heel of the left foot and allow the right knee to bend naturally. On the second count, turn to the right 180 degrees on the left heel and ball of the right foot, resuming the position of attention. Arms remain at the sides, as in the position of attention, throughout this movement. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Movements While At Halt Hand Salute Command: Pugay kamay, Na! Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Hand Salute: The hand salute is a one-count movement. The command is PUGAY KAMAY, NA, when wearing a headgear with visor (with or without glasses). On the command of execution NA, raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm facing down, and place the tip of the right forefinger on the rim of the visor slightly to the right of the right eye. The outer edge of the hand is barely downward so that neither the back of the hand nor the palm is clearly visible from the front. The hand and the wrist should be straight, the elbow inclined slightly forward, and the upper arm is horizontal to the ground with your forearm inclined at 45 degrees. Individual Movements Not Under Arms Procedures for Hand Salute: When the rifle is slung to the right shoulder, the left hand shall automatically hold the sling of the rifle across the body then execute the hand salute in the same manner as described in sub- paragraph a. When carrying a rifle, salute can be done either in the position of Attention or while in Right Shoulder Arms. When executing Order Arms, raise the rifle at least three (3) inches above the ground. Then execute sharply the salute by touching the muzzle of the rifle with the left hand. When executing at Right Shoulder Arms, just follow the same sequence in the former but now touching the rear sight knob of the rifle.  REFERENCES AFP 3-6 Manual on Drills and Ceremonies FC 8 – 043 Philippine Army Drills and Ceremonies  SUMMARY ▪ Historical Background of Drills and Ceremonies ▪ General Drill Information ▪ Basic Commands (Attention, Parade Rest, Facing, Stationary Movement and Marching) ▪ Command Voice ▪ Salute  THANK YOU Do you have any questions? [email protected] CREDITS: THE CONTENT IN THESE SLIDES IS PREPARED BY CPT MCDIERY A CONCEPCION O-146724 PA (RES) Slidesgo CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik and illustrations by Stories Flaticon Freepik Stories WARNING! This PowerPoint on Drills and Ceremonies 1 is for FU ROTC Unit use ONLY. Reproduction and distribution is STRICTLY PROHIBITED.