Respiratory and Hematologic Disorders (Nursing)

I. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS A. Oxygenation - Ventilation: Upper Airway Disorders 1. Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nose's mucous membrane. ○ Viral rhinitis: Common cold caused by viruses. 2. Rhinosinusitis: Infection of the nasal cavity and sinuses. ○ Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Lo...

I. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS A. Oxygenation - Ventilation: Upper Airway Disorders 1. Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nose's mucous membrane. ○ Viral rhinitis: Common cold caused by viruses. 2. Rhinosinusitis: Infection of the nasal cavity and sinuses. ○ Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Long-term inflammation of the sinuses. ○ Acute Rhinosinusitis: Sudden onset of sinus infection. 3. Pharyngitis: Sore throat due to inflammation. ○ Acute Pharyngitis: Sudden sore throat. ○ Chronic Pharyngitis: Long-term sore throat. 4. Tonsillitis and Adenoiditis: Inflammation of the tonsils and adenoids. 5. Peritonsillar abscess: A collection of pus near the tonsils. 6. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx). B. Nursing Care of Clients with Ventilation Disorders 1. Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Condition where breathing stops during sleep. 2. Epistaxis: Nosebleed. 3. Nasal Obstruction: Blockage in the nasal passages. 4. Laryngeal Obstruction: Blockage of the airway at the larynx. C. Nursing Care of Clients with Gas Exchange Disorders 1. Atelectasis: Collapsed lung. 2. Acute Tracheobronchitis: Infection of the trachea and bronchi. 3. Pneumonia: Infection of the lungs. ○ Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): Pneumonia contracted outside hospitals. ○ Health Care-Acquired Pneumonia (HCAP): Pneumonia contracted in health care settings. ○ Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP): Pneumonia acquired in a hospital. ○ Aspiration Pneumonia: Pneumonia caused by inhaling food or liquid. 4. Chronic Lung Disease (A29:59): Long-term lung diseases like COPD. 5. Chronic Bronchitis: Long-term inflammation of the airways in the lungs. 6. Pulmonary Emphysema: A type of COPD where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged. 7. Asthma: A condition causing difficulty in breathing due to narrowed airways. 8. Bronchiectasis: Permanent widening of the airways. 9. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Severe lung condition causing breathing difficulty. 10. Respiratory Failure: Lungs cannot supply enough oxygen to the body. 11. Pleural Effusion: Fluid buildup between the lungs and chest. 12. Pneumothorax: Collapsed lung due to air in the chest cavity. II. HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS 2. Oxygen Transport 1. Polycythemia: Excess red blood cells. 2. Hemophilia: A condition where blood doesn't clot properly. 3. Von Willebrand Disease: A genetic bleeding disorder. 4. Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count, leading to bleeding. 5. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A serious disorder where blood clots form throughout the body. 6. Anemias: Lack of healthy red blood cells. ○ Iron Deficiency Anemia: Lack of iron in the body. ○ Anemia in Renal Disease: Anemia caused by kidney problems. ○ Anemia in Chronic Disease: Anemia caused by long-term illnesses. ○ Aplastic Anemia: Bone marrow stops producing enough blood cells. ○ Megaloblastic Anemia: A condition where red blood cells are larger than normal. ○ Hemolytic Anemia: Red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. ○ Sickle Cell Anemia: A genetic disorder where red blood cells are misshaped. ○ Thalassemia: A genetic blood disorder affecting hemoglobin production. III. OXYGEN - PERFUSION 3. Cardiovascular Disorders 1. Hypertension: High blood pressure. 2. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): Diseases affecting the arteries of the heart, causing heart attacks. ○ Coronary Atherosclerosis: Hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup. ○ Angina Pectoris: Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. ○ Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack due to blocked blood flow to the heart. 3. Vascular Disorders ○ Arterial 1. Arteriosclerosis: Thickening and hardening of the artery walls. 2. Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fats and cholesterol in the arteries. 3. Aneurysms: Bulging or weakening of an artery wall. Abdominal Aneurysm: Aneurysm in the abdominal aorta. Other Aneurysms: Aneurysms in other parts of the body. 4. Raynaud’s Disease: Condition causing reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes. ○ Venous 1. Venous Thromboembolism: Blood clots that start in the veins and can travel to the lungs.