Questions and Answers
Which type of anemia is specifically caused by the failure of bone marrow to produce enough cells?
What disorder is characterized by the buildup of fats and cholesterol in the arteries?
Which condition specifically involves the obstruction of blood flow to the heart leading to chest pain?
What type of anemia is caused by a genetic disorder resulting in misshaped red blood cells?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with the bulging or weakening of an artery wall?
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Which condition is characterized by sudden inflammation of the throat and is often accompanied by a sore throat?
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Which pneumonia is contracted outside of healthcare facilities?
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Which of the following conditions is a type of obstructive lung disease that results in difficulty breathing?
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What is the term for a blockage in the airway specifically at the larynx?
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Which disorder results in long-term inflammation of the sinuses?
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Which respiratory condition is associated with extreme lung damage resulting in breathing difficulties?
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What is a common outcome of thromobocytopenia if not addressed?
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What is characterized by a collection of pus near the tonsils?
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Study Notes
Respiratory Disorders
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Oxygenation and Ventilation: Upper Airway Disorders
- Rhinitis: Inflammation of nasal mucous membrane; often viral (common cold).
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Rhinosinusitis: Infection affecting nasal cavity and sinuses.
- Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Long-standing inflammation of sinuses.
- Acute Rhinosinusitis: Sudden onset sinus infection.
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Pharyngitis: Inflammation resulting in sore throat.
- Acute Pharyngitis: Sudden onset of sore throat.
- Chronic Pharyngitis: Persistent sore throat.
- Tonsillitis and Adenoiditis: Inflammation of tonsils and adenoids.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: Pus accumulation near the tonsils.
- Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx (voice box).
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Nursing Care for Ventilation Disorders
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Breathing interruptions during sleep.
- Epistaxis: Nosebleeding.
- Nasal Obstruction: Blockage in nasal passages.
- Laryngeal Obstruction: Blockage in airway at the larynx.
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Nursing Care for Gas Exchange Disorders
- Atelectasis: Collapsed lung, impacting oxygen exchange.
- Acute Tracheobronchitis: Infection of trachea and bronchi, leading to respiratory distress.
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Pneumonia: Lung infection with various classifications:
- Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP): Outside hospital settings.
- Health Care-Acquired Pneumonia (HCAP): Contracted within health care environments.
- Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP): Developed during hospital stay.
- Aspiration Pneumonia: Caused by inhaling food or liquid.
- Chronic Lung Disease: Long-term lung conditions, e.g., COPD.
- Chronic Bronchitis: Persistent inflammation of airways.
- Pulmonary Emphysema: Damage to lung air sacs, a type of COPD.
- Asthma: Breathing difficulty from narrowed airways.
- Bronchiectasis: Permanent dilation of air passages.
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Severe breathing difficulties.
- Respiratory Failure: Insufficient oxygen supply to the body.
- Pleural Effusion: Fluid accumulation between lungs and chest wall.
- Pneumothorax: Lung collapse due to air in the pleural cavity.
Hematologic Disorders
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Oxygen Transport
- Polycythemia: Excessive red blood cell production.
- Hemophilia: Impaired blood clotting ability.
- Von Willebrand Disease: Genetic disorder affecting blood clotting.
- Thrombocytopenia: Low platelet count, leading to excessive bleeding.
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Widespread blood clotting throughout the body.
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Anemias: Reduction in healthy red blood cells, with types including:
- Iron Deficiency Anemia: Insufficient iron levels.
- Anemia in Renal Disease: Related to kidney dysfunction.
- Anemia in Chronic Disease: Resulting from long-term illnesses.
- Aplastic Anemia: Bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells.
- Megaloblastic Anemia: Enlarged red blood cells.
- Hemolytic Anemia: Elevated destruction of red blood cells.
- Sickle Cell Anemia: Genetic defect leads to misshaped cells.
- Thalassemia: Genetic abnormalities affect hemoglobin production.
Oxygen-PERFUSION: Cardiovascular Disorders
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Hypertension: Persistent high blood pressure.
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Diseases affecting heart arteries, can lead to heart attacks.
- Coronary Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup leading to artery hardening.
- Angina Pectoris: Chest pain due to reduced blood flow.
- Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack from blood supply blockage.
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Vascular Disorders
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Arterial Disorders:
- Arteriosclerosis: Hardening of artery walls.
- Atherosclerosis: Accumulation of fats/cholesterol within arteries.
- Aneurysms: Artery wall bulging; includes Abdominal Aneurysm and others in different body parts.
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Raynaud’s Disease: Condition causing reduced blood flow to extremities (fingers/toes).
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Venous Disorders
- Venous Thromboembolism: Blood clots originating in veins, potentially traveling to the lungs.
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Description
This quiz explores various respiratory disorders including rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, and laryngitis. It also covers nursing care for conditions like obstructive sleep apnea. Test your knowledge on the symptoms, causes, and treatments of these upper airway disorders.
