Disha 26 Years Prelims Solved Papers PDF

Unit - A: History of India 1 Ancient History 1. The word ‘Hindu’ as reference to the people of Hind (India) 10. According to ancient Indian cosmogonic ideas the was first u...

Unit - A: History of India 1 Ancient History 1. The word ‘Hindu’ as reference to the people of Hind (India) 10. According to ancient Indian cosmogonic ideas the was first used by: sequential order of the cycle of four acons (yugas) is: (a) the Greeks (b) the Romans (c) the Chinese (d) the Arabs (a) Dvapara, Krita, Treta and Kali 2. Who among the following was a Brahmavadini who (b) Krita, Dvapara, Treta and Kali composed some hymns of the Vedas? (c) Krita, Treta, Dvapara and Kali (a) Lopamudra (b) Gargi (d) Treta, Dvapara, Kali and Krita (c) Leelavati (d) Savitri 11. Which one of the following temples figured in the news 3. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer (using regarding the institution of the Devadasi? codes given below the lists) (a) Jagannath temple, Puri List-I (Eras) List-II (Reckoned from) (b) Pashupatinath temple, Kathmandu A. Vikrama era 1. 3102 B.C. (c) Kandariya Mahadev temple, Khajuraho B. Saka era 2. 320 A.D. (d) Chausath Yogini temple, Bhedaghat C. Gupta era 3. 78 A.D. 12. The river most mentioned in early Vedic literature D. Kali era 4. 58 B.C. is : 5. 248 A.D. Codes: (a) Sindhu (b) Sutudri (a) A – 2; B – 4; C – 5; D – 1 (c) Sarasvati (d) Ganga (b) A – 1; B – 3; C – 2; D – 4 13. Which one of the following is not a part of early Jains (c) A – 4; B – 5; C – 2; D – 3 literature? (d) A – 4; B – 3; C – 2; D – 1 (a) Therigatha (b) Acarangasutra 4. In Sanskrit plays written during the Gupta period women (c) Sutrakritanga (d) Brihatkalpasutra and Sudras speak: 14. Which of the following were common to both Buddhism (a) Sanskrit (b) Prakrit and Jainism? (c) Pali (d) Sauraseni 1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment 5. The name by which Ashoka is generally referred to his 2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas inscriptions is: 3. Denial of efficacy of rituals (a) Chakravarti (b) Dharmadeva 4. Non-injury to animal life (c) Dharmakirti (d) Priyadarsi Select the answer using the codes given below: 6. The term 'Yavanapriya' mentioned in ancient Sanskrit texts Codes: denoted: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3 and 4 (a) a fine variety of Indian Muslim (c) 1, 3, and 4 (d) 1 and 2 (b) ivory 15. In the context of ancient Indian society which one of the (c) damsels sent to the Greek court for dance following terms does not belong to the category of the other performance three? (d) pepper (a) Kula (b) Vamsa 7. The concept of Anuvrata was advocated by: (c) Kosa (d) Gotra (a) Mahayana Buddhism 16. Who among the following is known for his work on medicine (b) Hinayana Buddhism during the Gupta period? (c) Jainism (a) Saumilla (b) Sudraka (d) The Lokayata school (c) Shaunaka (d) Susrutha 8. According to Mimamsa system of philosophy, liberation is 17. Which one of the following sculptures was invariably used possible by means by: green schist as the medium? (a) jnana (b) bhakti (c) yoga (d) karma (a) Maurya sculptures 9. Bronze icons of Nataraja cast during the Chola period (b) Mathura sculptures invariably show the deity with: (c) Bharhut sculptures (a) eight hands (b) six hands (d) Gandhara sculptures (c) four hands (d) two hands  EBD_8342 A 2 Topicwise Solved Papers 18. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer: The places marked A, B, C and D respectively are: (a) Matsya, Cedi, Kosala, Anga List-I List-II (b) Surasena, Avanti, Vatsa, Magadha A. Vishakhadatta 1. Medicine (c) Matsya, Avanti, Vatsa, Anga B. Varahamihira 2. Drama (d) Surasena, Cedi, Kosala, Magadha C. Charaka 3. Astronomy 27. In the Mahayana Buddhism, the Bodhisatva Avalokitesvara D. Brahmagupta 4. Mathematics was also known as: Codes: (a) Vajrapani (b) Manjusri (a) A – 1; B – 3; C – 4; D – 2 (b) A – 2; B – 1; C – 3; D – 4 (c) Padmapani (d) Maitreya (c) A – 2; B – 3; C – 1; D – 4 28. The silver coins issued by the Guptas were called: (d) A – 3; B – 4; C – 1; D – 2 19. Which one of the following texts of ancient India allows (a) Rupaka (b) Karshapana divorce to a wife deserted by her husband? (c) Dinara (d) Pana (a) Kamasutra (b) Manava Dharma Shastra 29. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using (c) Sukra Nitisara (d) Arthashastra the codes given below the lists: 20. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using List-I (Author) List-II (Text) the codes given below the lists: A. Varahamihira 1. Prabandha Chintamani List-I List-II B. Vishakhadatta 2. Mrichchha-Katikam A. Gupta 1. Badami C. Sudraka 3. Brihat-Samhita B. Chandella 2. Panamalai D. Bilhana 4. Devi-Chandraguptam C. Chalukya 3. Khajuraho 5. Vikramankadeva-Charita D. Pallava 4. Deogarh Codes: Codes: (a) A – 3; B – 4; C – 5; D – 2 (a) A – 4; B – 3; C – 1; D – 2 (b) A – 4; B – 2; C – 3; D – 1 (b) A – 3; B – 4; C – 2; D – 5 (c) A – 2; B – 3; C – 4; D – 1 (c) A – 5; B – 3; C – 4; D – 1 (d) A – 3; B – 4; C – 1; D – 2 (d) A – 1; B – 3; C – 5; D – 2 21. Which one of the following statements regarding Ashoka 30. Which one of the following was a corporation of merchants stone pillars is incorrect? in ancient India? (a) These are highly polished (a) Chaturvedimangalam (b) These are monolithic (b) Parishad (c) The shaft of pillars is tapering in shape (c) Ashtadikgaja (d) These are parts of architectural structures (d) Manigrama 22. Which one of the following scripts of ancient India was written from right to left? 31. The Badami rock inscription of Pulakesin I is dated in the (a) Brahmi (b) Nandnagari Saka year 465. If the same were to be dated in Vikrama Samvat, (c) Sharada (d) Kharosthi the year would be: 23. The famous dialogue between Nachiketa and Yama is (a) 601 (b) 300 mentioned in the: (c) 330 (d) 407 (a) Chhandogyopanishad (b) Mundakopanishad 32. Many of the Greeks, Kushanas and Shakas embraced (c) Kathopanishad (d) Kenopanishad Buddhism rather than Hinduism because: 24. Milindapanho is in the form of a dialogue between the king (a) Buddhism was in the ascendant at that time Menander and Buddhist monk: (b) they had renounced the policy of war and violence (a) Nagasena (b) Nagarjuna (c) caste-ridden Hinduism did not attract them (c) Nagabhatta (d) Kumarilabhatta (d) Buddhism provided easier access to Indian society 25. Which one of the following edicts mentions the personal name of Ashoka? 33. The Ashoka major rock edicts which tell us about the (a) Kalsi (b) Rummindei Sangam Kingdom include rock edicts: (c) Special Kalinga Edict (d) Maski (a) I and X (b) I and XI 26. The following map shows four of the sixteen (c) II and XIII (d) II and XIV Mahajanapadas that existed in ancient India: 34. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? 1. Mrichchakatikam–Shudraka 2. Buddhacharita–Vasuvandhu 3. Mudrarakshasha–Vishakadatta 4. Harshacharita–Banabhatta Select the correct answer using the codes given below: Codes: (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 3 and 4 (c) 1 and 4 (d) 2 and 3 Ancient History A 3 35. What is the correct chronological order in which the (a) African trade following appeared in India? (b) West-European trade 1. Gold coins (c) South-East Asian trade 2. Punch marked silver coins (d) Middle-Eastern trade 3. Iron plough 42. The following persons came to India at one time or another: 4. Urban culture 1. Fa-Hien 2. I-Tsing Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 3. Megasthanese 4. Hieun-Tsang (a) 3, 4, 1, 2 (b) 3, 4, 2, 1 The correct chronological sequence of their visits is: (c) 4, 3, 1, 2 (d) 4, 3, 2, 1 (a) 3, 1, 2, 4 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2 36. Assertion (A): According to Ashoka's edicts social harmony (c) 1, 3, 2, 4 (d) 1, 3, 4, 2 among the people was more important than religious 43. Which one of the following was initially the most powerful devotion. city state of India in the 6th century B.C. ? Reason (R): He spread ideas of equity instead of promotion (a) Gandhar (b) Kamboj of religion. (c) Kashi (d) Magadh (a) Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A 44. The Indo-Laws Kingdom set up in north Afghanistan in the (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation ofA beginning of the second century B.C. was: (c) A is true but R is false (a) Bactria (b) Scythia (d) A is false but R is true (c) Zedrasia (d) Aria 37. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? 45. The term 'Aryan' denotes: 1. Lothal : Ancient dockyard (a) an ethnic group (b) a nomadic people 2. Sarnath : First Sermon of Buddha (c) a speech group (d) a superior race 3. Rajgir : Lion capital of Ashoka 46. Which one of the following ports handled the North Indian 4. Nalanda : Great seat of Buddhist learning trade during the Gupta period? Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) Tamralipti (b) Broach Codes: (c) Kalyan (d) Cambray (a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 3 and 4 47. Assertion (A): The Aham and Puram poems of the Padinen (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1 and 2 Kilukanakku group formed a continuation of the Sangam 38. Which one of the following ancient Indian records is the composition. earliest royal order to preserve food-grains to be utilised Reason (R): They were included under the post-Sangam during the crises in the country? works as against the Sangam works proper. (a) Sohgaura Copper-plate (a) Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation (b) Rummindei Pillar-edict of Ashoka of A (c) Prayaga-prasasti (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation ofA (d) Mehrauli Pillar inscription of Chandra (c) A is true but R is false 39. The concept of Eight fold path forms the theme of: (d) A is false but R is true (a) Dipavamsa 48. Assertion (A): The emphasis of Jainism on non-violence (b) Divyavadana (ahimsa) prevented agriculturalists from embracing Jainism. (c) Mahaparinibban Reason (R): Cultivation involved killing of insects and pests. (d) Dharma Chakara Pravartana Sutta 40. The given map relates to : (a) Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation ofA (c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true 49. Assertion (A): The origin of feudal system in ancient India can be traced to military campaigns. Reason (R): There was considerable expansion of the feudal system during the Gupta period. (a) Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation ofA (c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true (a) Kanishka at the time of his death. 50. Assertion (A): Ashoka annexed Kalinga to the Mauryan (b) Samudragupta after the close of his South Indian Empire. campaign. Reason (R): Kalinga controlled the land and sea routes to (c) Ashoka towards close of his reign. South India. (d) Empire of Thaneswar on the eve of Harsha's accession. (a) Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation of A 41. From the third century AD when the Hun invasion ended (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation ofA the Roman Empire, the Indian merchants relied more and (c) A is true but R is false more on the: (d) A is false but R is true  EBD_8342 A 4 Topicwise Solved Papers 51. The practice of military governorship was first introduced (b) India's largest Buddhist monastery is in Arunachal in India by the: Pradesh. (a) Greeks (b) Shakas (c) Khajuraho temples were built under Chandela kings. (c) Parthians (d) Mughals (d) Hoysaleswara temple is dedicated to Siva. 52. Which one of the following dynasties was ruling over North 61. In ancient Indian Buddhist monasteries, a ceremony called India at the time of Alexander's invasion? Pavarana used to be held. It was the: (a) Nanda (b) Maurya (a) occasion to elect the Sanghparinayaka and two (c) Sunga (d) Kanva speakers one on Dhamma and the other on Vinaya 53. Hoysala monuments are found in: (b) confession by monks of their offences committed (a) Hampi and Hosper during their stay in the monasteries during the rainy (b) Halebid and Belur season (c) Mysore and Bangalore (c) ceremony of initiation of new person into the Buddhist (d) Sringeri and Dharwar Sangha in which the head is shaved and when yellow 54. Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? robes are offered (d) gathering of Buddhist monks on the next day to the (a) The Harappan civilization – Painted Greyware full-moon day of Ashadha when they take up a fixed (b) The Kushans – Gandhra School of Art abode for the next four months of the rainy season (c) The Mughals – Ajanta Paintings 62. The ancient Indian play Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutt has (d) The Marathas – Pahari School of Painting its subject on: 55. Assertion (A): Harshavardhana convened the Prayag (a) a conflict between Gods and Demons of ancient Hindu Assembly. lore Reason (R): He wanted to popularize only the Mahayana (b) a romantic story of an Aryan prince and a tribal woman form of Buddhism. (c) the story of the power struggle between two Aryan. (a) Both A and R are true but R is the correct explanation (d) the court intrigues at the time of Chandragupta of A 63. Emperor Harsha's southward march was stopped on the (b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation Narmada river by: of A (a) Pulakesin-I (b) Pulakesin-II (c) A is true but R is false (c) Vikramaditya-I (d) Vikramaditya-II (d) A is false but R is true 64. Consider the following statements: 56. Which one of the Chola kings conquered Ceylon? 1. The Cholas defeated Pandya and Chera rulers and (a) Aditya-I (b) Rajaraja-I established their domination over peninsular India in (c) Rajendra (d) Vijayalaya the early medieval times. 57. Who among the following presided over the Buddhist 2. The Cholas sent an expedition against Sailendra empire Council held during the reign of Kanishka at of South-East Asia and conquered some of the areas. Kashmir ? Which of these statements is/are correct? (a) Parsva (b) Nagarjuna (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) Sudraka (d) Vasumitra (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 58. Which one of the following animals was not represented 65. Mrichchhakatika' an ancient Indian book written by seals and terracotta art of the Harappan culture? Shudraka deals with: (a) Cow (b) Elephant (c) Rhinoceros (d) Tiger (a) the love affair of a rich merchant with the daughter of 59. Match List-I (Ancient site) with List-II (Archaeological a courtesan finding) and select the correct answer using the codes given (b) the victory of Chandragupta II over the Shaka below the lists: Kshatrapas of western India List-I List-II (c) the military expeditions and exploits of Samudragupta (Ancient site) (Archaeological finding) (d) the love affairs between a Gupta king and a princess of A. Lothal 1. Ploughed field Kamarupa B. Kalibangan 2. Dockyard 66. Consider the following statements: C. Dholavira 3. Terrcotta replica of a plough 1. Vardhaman Mahavira's mother was the daughter of D. Banawali 4. An inscription comprising ten Lichchhavi chief Chetaka large sized signs of the 2. Gautama Buddha's mother was a princess from the Harappan script Koshalan dynasty Codes: 3. Parshvanatha, the twenty-third Tirthankara, belonged (a) A – 1; B – 2; C – 3; D – 4 to Benaras (b) A – 2; B – 1; C – 4; D – 3 Which of these statements is/are correct? (c) A – 1; B – 2; C – 4; D – 3 (a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (d) A – 2; B – 1; C – 3; D – 4 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 60. Which one of the following statements is not correct? 67. Consider the following statements: (a) The statue of Gomateshwara at Shravana Belagola 1. The last Mauryan ruler, Brihadratha was assassinated represents the last Tirthankara of Jains. by his commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga. Ancient History A 5 2. The last Sunga king, Devabhuti was assassinated by 76. The Allahabad Pillar inscription is associated with which his Brahmana Minister Vasudeva Kanva who usurped one of the following? the throne. (a) Mahapadma Nanda (b) Chandragupta Maurya 3. The last ruler of the Kanva dynasty was deposed by (c) Ashoka (d) Samudragupta the Andhras. 77. What does Baudhayan theorem (Baudhayan Sulva Sutras) Which of these statements is/are correct? relate to? (a) 1 and 2 (b) Only 2 (a) Lengths of sides of a right angled triangle (c) Only 3 (d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) Calculation of the value of pi 68. Consider the following statements: (c) Logarithmic calculations 1. The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hien attended the fourth Great (d) Normal distribution curve Buddhist Council held by Kanishka. 78. Anekantavada is a core theory and philosophy of which 2. The Chinese pilgrim Hiuen-Tsang met Harsha and one of the following? found him to be antagonistic to Buddhism. (a) Buddhism (b) Jainism Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) Sikkhism (d) Vaishnavism 79. There are only two known examples of cave paintings of (a) 1 only (b) 2 only the Gupta period in ancient India. One of these is paintings (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 of Ajanta caves. Where is the other surviving example of 69. With reference to ancient Jainism, which one of the following Gupta paintings? statements is correct? (a) Bagh caves (b) Ellora caves (a) Jainism was spread in South India under the leadership (c) Lomas Rishi cave (d) Nasik caves of Sthalabahu. 80. India maintained its early cultural contacts and trade links (b) The Jainas who remained under the leadership of with Southeast Asia across the Bay of Bengal. For this pre- Bhadrabahu were called Shvetambaras after the council eminence of early maritime history of Bay of Bengal, which held at Pataliputra. of the following could be the most convincing explanation/ (c) Jainism enjoyed the patronage of the Kalinga king explanations ? [2011 - I] Kharaavela in the first century BC. (a) As compared to other countries, India had a better (d) In the initial stage of Jainism, the Jainas worshipped ship-building technology in ancient and medieval times images unlike the Buddhist. (b) The rulers of southern India always partronized traders, 70. Which one of the following four Vedas contains an account Brahmin priests and Buddhist monks in this context. of magical charms and spells? (c) Monsoon winds across the Bay of Bengal facilitated (a) Rigveda (b) Yajurveda sea voyages (c) Atharvaveda (d) Samaveda (d) Both (a) and (b) are convincing explanations in this 71. Who among the following was not a contemporary of the context other three? 81. The Jain philosophy holds that the world is created and (a) Bimbsara (b) Gautama Buddha maintained by [2011 - I] (c) Milinda (d) Prasenjit (a) Universal Law (b) Universal Truth 72. Who among the following laid the foundation of (c) Universal Faith (d) Universal Soul Rashtrakuta Empire? 82. Regarding the Indus Valley Civilization, consider the (a) Amostghavarsha I (b) Dantidurga following statements : (c) Dhruva (d) Krishna I 1. It was predominantly a secular civilization and the 73. Between which of the following was the ancient town of religious element, though present, did not dominate Takshasila located? the scene (a) Indus and Jhelum (b) Jhelum and Chenab 2. During this period, cotton was used for manufacturing (c) Chenab and Ravi (d) Ravi and Beas textiles in India [2011 - I] Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 74. With reference to the invaders in ancient India, which one (a) 1 only (b) 2 only of the following is the correct chronological order? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 83. The “Dharma” and “Rita” depict a central Idea of ancient (a) Greeks-Sakas-Kushanas Vedic civilization of India. In this context, consider the (b) Greeks- Kushanas-Sakas following statements : [2011 - I] (c) Sakas-Greeks- Kushanas 1. Dharma was a conception of obligations and of the (d) Sakas-Kushanas-Greeks discharge of one’s duties to oneself and to others. 75. Consider the following statements: 2. Rita was the fundamental moral law governing the 1. The Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were functioning of the universe and all it contained. antagonistic towards Buddhism. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. The Pala rulers of Eastern India were patrons of (a) 1 only (b) 2 only Buddhism. (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which of the statement(s) given above is/ are correct? 84. With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, (a) 1 only (b) 2 only which of the statements given below are correct? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2012 - I]  EBD_8342 A 6 Topicwise Solved Papers 1. Different kinds of specialized surgical instruments were (b) Chaitya is a place of worship, while Vihara is the in common use by 1st century AD. dwelling place of the monks 2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had (c) Chaitya is the stupa at the far end of the cave, while begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD. Vihara is the hall axial to it 3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th (d) There is no material difference between the two century AD. 91. With reference to the history of philosophical thought in 4. The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals was known in 7th India, consider the following statements regarding Sankhya century AD. school: [2013 - I] Select the correct answer using the codes given below: 1. Sankhya does not accept the theory of rebirth or (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 and 4 only transmigration of soul. (c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 2. Sankhya holds that it is the self-knowledge that leads 85. With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the to liberation and not any exterior influence or agent. following was/were common to both Buddhism and Jainism? Which of the statements given above is/are correct? [2012 - I] (a) 1 only (b) 2 only 1. Avoidance of extremities of penance and enjoyment (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 2. Indifference to the authority of the Vedas 92. Which one of the following describes best the concept of 3. Denial of efficacy of rituals Nirvana in Buddhism? [2013 - I] Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) The extinction of the flame of desire (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (b) The complete annihilation of self (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) A state of bliss and rest 86. The Nagara, the Dravida and the Vesara are the (d) A mental stage beyond all comprehension. [1995, 2012 - I] 93. Which of the following characterizes / characterize the people (a) three main racial groups of the Indian subcontinent of Indus Civilization? [2013 - I] (b) three main linguistic divisions into which the languages 1. They possessed great palaces and temples. of India can be classified 2. They worshipped both male and female deities. (c) three main styles of Indian temple architecture 3. They employed horse-drawn chariots in warfare. (d) three main musical Gharanas prevalent in India Select the correct statement/statements using the codes 87. Lord Buddha’s image is sometimes shown with the hand gesture given below. called ‘Bhumisparsha Mudra’. It symbolizes [2012 - I] (a) 1 and 2 only (a) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to watch over Mara and (b) 2 only to prevent Mara from disturbing his meditation (c) 1, 2 and 3 (b) Buddha’s calling of the Earth to witness his purity and (d) None of the statements given above is correct chastity despite the temptations of Mara 94. Which of the following statements is/are applicable to Jain (c) Buddha’s reminder to his followers that they all arise doctrine? [2013 - I] from the Earth and finally dissolve into the Earth, and 1. The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice thus this life is transitory penance. (d) Both the statements (a) and (b) are correct in this 2. Every object, even the smallest particle has a soul. context 3. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended. 88. The religion of early Vedic Aryans was primarily of [2012 - I] Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) Bhakti (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (b) image worship and Yajnas (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) worship of nature and Yajnas 95. With reference to the history of Indian rock-cut architecture, (d) worship of nature and Bhakti consider the following statements: [2013 - I] 89. With reference to the guilds (Shreni) of ancient India that 1. The caves at Badami are the oldest surviving rock-cut played a very important role in the country's economy, which caves in India. of the following statements is/are correct? [2012 - I] 2. The Barabar rock-cut caves were originally made for 1. Every guild was registered with the central authority Ajivikas by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. of the State and the king was the chief administrative 3. At Ellora, caves were made for different faiths. authority on them. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2. The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only fixed by the guild. (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 3. The guild had judicial powers over its own members. 96. The Chinese traveller Yuan Chwang (Hiuen Tsang) who Select the correct answer using the codes given below: visited India recorded the general conditions and culture of (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only India at that time. In this context, which of the following (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 statements is/are correct? [2013 - I] 90. Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called Chaityas, while the 1. The roads and river-routes were completely immune others are called Viharas. What is the difference between the from robbery. two? [2013 - I] 2. As regards punishment for offences, ordeals by fire, (a) Vihara is a place of worship, while Chaitya is the water and poison were the instruments for determining dwelling place of the monks the innocence or guilt of a person. Ancient History A 7 3. The tradesmen had to pay duties at ferries and barrier (a) Mimamsa and Vedanta stations. (b) Nyaya and Vaisheshika Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (c) Lokayata and Kapalika (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) Sankhya and Yoga (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 102. The national motto of India, ‘Satyameva Jayate’ inscribed 97. In the context of cultural history of India, a pose in dance below the Emblem of India is taken from and dramatics called ‘Tribhanga’ has been a favourite of (a) Katha Upanishad [2014 - I] Indian artists from ancient times till today. Which one of the (b) Chandogya Upanishad following statements best describes this pose? [2013 - I] (c) Aitareya Upanishad (a) One leg is bent and the body is slightly but oppositely curved at waist and neck (d) Mundaka Upanishad (b) Facial expressions, hand gestures and make-up are 103. Which of the following Kingdoms were associated with combined to symbolize certain epic or historic the life of the Buddha? [2014 - I] characters 1. Avanti 2. Gandhara (c) Movements of body, face and hands are used to 3. Kosala 4. Magadha express oneself or to tell a story Select the correct answer using the code given below. (d) A little smile, slightly curved waist and certain hand (a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 and 4. gestures are emphasized to express the feelings of love (c) 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4 or eroticism. 104. With reference to the art and archaeo-logical history of India, 98. Consider the following historical places: [2013 - I] which one among the following was made earliest? 1. Ajanta Caves [2015-I] 2. Lepakshi Temple (a) Lingaraja Temple at Bhubneshwar 3. Sanchi Stupa (b) Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli Which of the above places is/are also known for mural (c) Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram paintings? (d) varaha Image at Udayagiri (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only 105. Which one of the following books of ancient India has the (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None 99. With reference to the Indian history of art and culture, consider love story of the son of the founder of Sunga dynasty? the following pairs : [2014 - I] [2016-I] Famous work of Sculpture Site (a) Swapnavasavadatta 1. A grand image of Buddha's : Ajanta (b) Malavikagnirnitra Mahaparinirvana with (c) Meghadoota numerous celestial musicians (d) Ratnavali above and the sorrowful 106. In the context of the history of India, consider the following figures of his followers below pairs: [2016-I] 2. A huge image of Varaha : Mount Abu Term Description Avatar (boar incarnation) of Vishnu, as he rescues (1) Eripatti Land, revenue from which was set apart for the Goddess Earth from the deep main¬tenance of the village tank and chaotic waters, sculpted (2) Taniyurs Villages donated to a single Brahmin or a group on rock of Brahmins 3. “Arjuna’s Penance”/ : Mamallapuram “Descent of Ganga” sculpted (3) Ghatikas Colleges generally attached to the temples on the surface of huge boulders Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (a) 1 and 2 (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 100. With reference to Buddhist history, tradition and culture 107. With reference to the religious history of India, consider in India, consider the following pairs : [2014 - I] the following statements: [2017-I] Famous shrine Location 1. Sautrantika and Sammitiya were the sects of Jainism. 1. Tabo monastery and : Spiti Valley 2. Sarvastivadin held that th e constituents of temple complex phenomena were not wholly momentary, but existed 2. Lhotsava Lhakhang : Zanskar Valley forever in a latent form. temple, Nako Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 3. Alchi temple complex : Ladakh (a) 1 only (b) 2 only Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only 108. The painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani is one of the (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 most famous and oft-illustrated paintings at [2017-I] 101. Which one of the following pairs does not form part of the (a) Ajanta (b) Badami six systems of Indian Philosophy? [2014 - I] (c) Bagh (d) Ellora  EBD_8342 A 8 Topicwise Solved Papers 109. Which of the following is/are famous for Sun temples? 117. In which of the following relief sculpture inscriptions is [2017-I] 'Ranyo Ashoka' (King Ashoka) mentioned along with the 1. Arasavalli stone portrait of Ashoka? [2019-I] 2. Amarakantak (a) Kanganahalli (b) Sanchi 3. Omkareshwar (c) Shahbazgarhi (d) Sohgaura Select the correct answer using the code given below: 118. Consider the following : [2019-I] (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only 1. Deification of the Buddha (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 2. Treading the path of Bodhisattvas 110. With reference to the difference between the culture of 3. Image worship and rituals Rigvedic Aryans and Indus Valley people, which of the Which of the above is/ are the feature/ features of Mahayana following statements is/are correct? [2017-I] Buddhism? 1. Rigvedic Aryans used the coat of mail and helmet in (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only warfare whereas the people of Indus Valley (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Civilization did not leave any evidence of using them. 119. With reference to forced labour(Vishti) in India during the 2. Rigvedic Aryans knew gold, silver and copper Gupta period, which one of the following statements is whereas Indus Valley people knew only copper and correct? [2019-I] iron. (a) It was considered a source of income for the State, 3. Rigvedic Aryans had domesticated the horse whereas a sort of tax paid by the people. there is no evidence of Indus Valley people having (b) It was totally absent in the Madhya Pradesh and been aware of this animal. Kathiawar regions of the Gupta Empire. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (c) The forced labourer as entitled to weekly wages. (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (d) The eldest son of the labourer was sent as the forced (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 labourer. 111. Which one of the following was a very important seaport 120. Building 'Kalyaana Mandapas' was a notable feature in in the Kakatiya kingdom? [2017-I] the temple construction in the kingdom of [2019-I] (a) Kakinada (a) Chalukya (b) Chandela (b) Motupalli (c) Rashtrakuta (d) Vijayanagara (c) Machilipatnam (Masulipatnam) 121. With reference to the cultural history of India, which one (d) Nelluru of the following is the correct description of the term 112. With reference to the religious practices in India, the ‘paramitas’? [2020-I] "Sthanakvasi" sect belongs to(Pre18 Set-D) [2018 - I] (a) The earliest Dharmashastra texts written in (a) Buddhism (b) Jainism aphoristic (sutra) style. (c) Vaishnavism (d) Shaivism (b) Philosophical schools that did not accept the 113. With reference to Indian history, who among the following authority of Vedas. is a future Buddha, yet to come to save the world? (c) Perfections whose attainment led to the Bodhisattva [2018 - I] path (a) Avalokiteshvara (b) Lokesvara (d) Powerful merchant guilds of early medieval south (c) Maitreya (d) Padmapani India. 114. Consider the following pairs Craft vs Heritage of: 122. With reference to the scholars/litterateurs of ancient 1. Puthukkuli shawls: Tamil Nadu [2018 - I] India, consider the following statements: [2020-I] 2. Sujni embroidery: Maharashtra 1. Panini is associated with Pushyamitra Shunga 3. Uppada Jamdani saris: Karnataka 2. Amarasimha is associated with Harshavardhana Which of the pairs given above is/are correct? 3. Kalidasa is associated with Chandra Gupta-II (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only 115. Consider the following pairs of Tradition vs State: (c) 3 only (d) 1,2 and 3 1. Chapchar Kut festival: Mizoram [2018 - I] 123. With reference to the religious history of India, consider 2. Khongjom Parba ballad: Manipur 3. Thang-Ta dance: Sikkim the following statements: [2020-I] Which of the pairs given above is/are correct ? 1. Sthaviravadins belong to Mahayana Buddhism. (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 2. Lokottaravadin sect was an offshoot of (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3 Mahasanghika sect of Buddhism. 116. Which one of the following is not a Harappan Site? 3. The deification of Buddha by Mahasanghikas [2019-I] fostered Mahayana Buddhism. (a) Chanhudaro (b) Kot Diji Which of the statements given above are correct? (c) Sohagaura (d) Desalpur (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Ancient History A 9 124. Consider the following events in the history of India: (a) Ashoka (b) Samudragupta [2020-I] (c) Harshavardhana (d) Krishna Deva Raya 1. Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja 128. With reference to the history of India, consider the 2. Establishment of Pallava power under following pairs: [2020-I] Mahendravarman – I Famous Place Present State 3. Establishment of Chola Parantaka – I 1. Bhilsa Madhya Pradesh 4. Pala dynasty founded by Gopala 2. Dwarasamudra Maharashtra What is the correct chronological order of the above 3. Girinagar Gujarat events, starting from the earliest time ? 4. Sthaneshwara Uttar Pradesh (a) 2-1-4-3 (b) 3-1-4-2 Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched? (c) 2-4-1-3 (d) 3-4-1-2 (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 and 4 only 125. Which of the following phrases defines the nature of the (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 2 and 4 only ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the sources of the post- 129. With reference to the period of Gupta dynasty in ancient Harsha period? [2020-I] India, the towns Ghantasala, Kadura and Chaul were well (a) An advisory issued by the king to his subordinates known as [2020-I] (b) A diary to be maintained for daily accounts (a) ports handling foreign trade (c) A bill of exchange (b) capital of powerful kingdoms (d) An order from the feudal lord to his subordinates (c) places of exquisite stone art and architecture 126. With reference to the history of India, the terms (d) important Buddhist pilgrimage centres “kulyavapa” and “dronavapa” denote [2020-I] 130. With reference to cultural history of India consider the (a) measurement of land following pairs : [2020-I] (b) coins of different monetary value 1. Parivrajaka – Renunciant and Wanderer (c) classification of urban land 2. Shramana – Priest with a high status (d) religious rituals 3. Upasaka – Lay follower of buddhism 127. Who among the following rulers advised his subjects Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched ? through this inscription?: “Whosoever praises his (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only religious sect or blames other sects out of excessive (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 devotion to his own sect, with the view of glorifying his own sect, he rather injures his own sect very severely.” [2020-I] HINTS & SOLUTIONS 1. (d) The name of India is a corruption of the word Sindhu. 8. (d) Mimansa means investigation or enquiry. The primary Sindhu is the name of the Indus River, mentioned in the Rig- enquiry is into the nature of dharma based on close theology Veda. Neighboring Arabs, Iranians uttered 's' as 'h' and called of the Vedas. It has two divisions, Purva Mimansa and Uttar this land Hindu. Greeks pronounced this name as Indus. Mimansa. The Purva Mimansa explains the Dharma as a 2. (a) Other Brahmavadini are Vishwawara, Sikta, Nivavari, "virtue", "morality" or "duty". Dharma is the essentially Ghosha and Maitreyi. ritualism, and there is a great significance of the Karma or 3. (d) 248 A.D. is Kalachuri era. Vikram era was started by action in attaining Dharma. Mimansa system of philosophy king Vikramaditya. Shaka era was started by Kanishka. Gupta stresses on the doctrine of "karma". It says that liberation era was started by Chandragupta-I. is possible by means of performing "Karma." 4. (b) In Sanskrit plays of Gupta period women and Sudras 9. (c) Four handed Bronze icon of Nataraja is the finest speak prakrit and Elite class speak Sanskrit. example of Chola sculpture. 5. (d) In the year 1915 near a village called Maski in Raichur 10. (c) A complete Yuga starts with the Satya Yuga (Krita), District of Karnataka, a rock inscription was discovered on via Treta Yuga and Dvapara Yuga into a Kali Yuga. a hill. In this inscription for the first time the name of Ashoka 11. (a) Devadasi is a girl "dedicated" to worship and service was found with titles like Devanampriya and Priyadarshi. It of a deity or a temple for the rest of her life. They were was then certain that Devanampriya Priyadarshi was no Considered the human wife of Lord Jagannath. other than Ashoka. 12. (a) Sapta Sindhu play a prominent part in the hymns of 6. (d) Yavanas were Indo-Greeks. They liked pepper, that is the Rigveda, and consequently in early Vedic religion. why pepper was known as Yavanapriya. 13. (a) Therigatha was a part of the Buddhist literature. 7. (c) Anuvrata was the five main teachings of Jainism- 14. (b) Both denied the authority of the Vedas and the Ahimsa, Asateya, Aparigraha, Satya and Brahmacharya necessity of performing sacrifices and rituals. Both of them were opposed to animal sacrifices.  EBD_8342 A 10 Topicwise Solved Papers 15. (c) Kosa was used for treasury and the rest of the three 32. (c) They embraced Buddhism because caste ridden terms were related to family. Hinduism did not attract them. 16. (d) Susrutha Samhita was written by Susrutha. He was 33. (c) The ll and Xlll rock edicts mention the southern said to have been the best surgeon during the Gupta period. kingdoms of Chola, Pandya, Satyaputra, Keralaputra and 17. (c) The Bharhut stupa may have been established by the Tambapanni. Maurya King Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, but many 34. (b) Buddhacharita was written by Ashvaghosh. works of art were apparently added during the Sunga period, 35. (d) In India Indus Valley Civilization appeared the first from 2nd century BCE. The ruined stupa is still at Bharhut, signs of urbanization between 2500 and 2000 BCE. however the gateways and railings were dismantled and According to researchers, it is a hard fact that the earliest reassembled at Kolkata Museum. They contain numerous known specimen of iron ploughshare comes from Ganwaria birth stories of the Buddha's previous lives, or Jataka tales. in District Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh and dates from ca. Many of them are in the shape of large, round medallions. 700 BC. Two of the panels are at the Smithsonian. Bharhut sculptures The first documented coinage is deemed to start with 'Punch were invariably used green schist as the medium. Marked' coins issued between the 7th-6th century BC and 18. (c) Vishakhadatta wrote a drama named “Mudra 1stcentury AD. Rakshasa”. It was the Indo Greeks who ruled a large part of North- 19. (d) Arthashastra was written by Kautilya. In this book Western India around 200 BC (2218 years ago) that first 'Moksha' has been used for divorce. introduced coins made of Pure Gold in India before Kushans. 20. (a) Badami was also known as Vatapi in Bijapur district of Therefore, according to the question the correct Karnataka. Panamalai or Kanchi in Tamil Nadu was the capital chronological order of the event appeared in India is 4, 3, 2 of Pallavas. and 1. 21. (d) Ashoka stone pillars were meant to spread his Dhamma 36. (a) Ashoka’s edicts put stress on social harmony among (not the part of architectural structure.) the people by spreading ideas of equity instead of promotion 22. (d) Kharosthi script was deciphered by James Prinsep of religion. (1799–1840), using the bilingual coins of the Indo-Greek 37. (c) Lion capital of Ashoka is in Saranath (not Rajgir). period. This in turn led to the reading of the Edicts of Ashoka, 38. (a) The earliest known copper-plate called Sohgaura is a some of which, from the northwest of the Asian Maurya record that mentions famine relief efforts. It is one subcontinent, were written in the Kharosthi script. of the very few pre-Ashoka Brahmi inscriptions in India. 23. (c) Kathopanishad is the conversation between Nachiketa 39. (d) The Noble Eight fold Path, is one of the principal and Yamraj (God of death). Nachiketa was a seeker, and teachings of the Buddha, who described it as the way leading Yamraj was a Guru (knower of secrets). to the cessation of suffering (Dukkha) and attainment of 24. (a) Milindapanho wasn’t written by one person. It is the self-awakening. In Buddhist symbolism, the Noble Eight collected dialogue between the Indo-Greek king Milinda (or fold Path is often represented by means of the Dharma wheel Meander) and the Buddhist sage Nagasena. (Dharmachakra), whose eight spokes represent the eight 25. (d) Maski, Gurjara, Nettur and Udegolam inscriptions elements of the path. Eight fold path includes right mention the personal name of Ashoka. understanding, right speech, right livelihood; right 26. (c) Matsya Mahajanapada comprised the present-day mindfulness, right thought, right action, right effort and Jaipur-Bharatapur-Alwar area of Rajasthan, Avanti was one right concentration. of the most important ones and its core area comprises the 40. (c) The given map is related to the reign of Ashoka towards present-day Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. Vatsa with end of his rule. Ashoka (304–232 BC), popularly known as its capital at Kausambi was another powerful Mahajanapada, Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya annexed by Magadha. Anga Mahajanapada was in Gangetic Dynasty who ruled over the Indian subcontinent from 269 valley. BC to 232 BC. His empire stretched from present-day 27. (c) Avalokiteśvara is a bodhisattva who embodies the Pakistan, Afghanistan in the west, to the present-day compassion of all Buddhas. He is one of the more widely Bangladesh and the Indian state of Assam in the east, and revered bodhisattvas in mainstream Mahayana Buddhism. as far south as northern Kerala and Andhra. In Sanskrit, Avalokitesvara is also referred to as Padmapāni 41. (c) After the 3rd century AD Roman empire came to an (“Holder of the Lotus”) or Lokeśvara (“Lord of the World”). end. Indian merchants meanwhile had begun to rely more heavily on the south-east Asian Trade. 28. (a) Rupaka was a silver coin of Gupta period.16 Rupaka 42. (b) Fa-Hien–405–411 CE; I-Tsin g–671–695 CE; was equal to 1 gold coin. Megasthanese – 302–298 BC; Hieun–Tsang–630–645CE 29. (b) Varahamihira also wrote Panchasiddhantika; 43. (d) Of the 16 Mahajanapadas, Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa Vishakhadatta also wrote Mudra Rakshasa. and Avanti were more powerful. They fought amongst 30. (d) A manigramam was a large, influential guild of South themselves for years and ultimately Magadha emerged Indian merchants during the period of Western Chalukyan victorious under Bimbisara (Haranyak dynasty) in 6th C BC. rulers in 10th – 12th Century CE. 44. (a) Bactria was the ancient civilizations of Iranian peoples. 31. (a) The Saka era started in 78 AD, while Vikram era started Ancient Bactria was located between the Hindu Kush from 58 BC. So if we want to convert Badami rock inscription mountain range and the Amu Darya river, covering the flat of Pulakesin I to Vikram era, it will be 465 + 78 + 58 = 601 region that straddles modern-day Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Vikram Samvat. 45. (c) Aryan is in fact a linguistic term indicating a speech group of Indo-European origin, and is not an ethnic term. Ancient History A 11 46. (a) Tamralipta or Tamralipti was the name of an ancient 63. (b) Emperor Harsha's southward march was stopped on city on the Bay of Bengal corresponding with Tamluk in the Narmada river by Pulakesin II, the Chalukya king of modern-day India. Tamralipta may have been one of the Vatapi in northern Mysore. most important urban centres of trade and commerce of early 64. (c) The Chola kingdom of the Sangam period extended historic India, trading along the Silk Road with China, by from modern Tiruchi district to southern Andhra Pradesh. Uttarapatha, the northern high road, the main trade route Their capital was first located at Uraiyur and then shifted to into the Middle East and Europe; and by seafaring routes to Puhar. Karikala was a famous king of the Sangam Cholas. Bali, Java and the Far East. Pattinappalai portrays his early life and his military 47. (a) The didactic works of Sangam period are called conquests. In the Battle of Venni he defeated the mighty Kilukanakku (18 minor groups) consisting of Tirukurral and confederacy consisting of the Cheras, Pandyas and eleven Naladiyar. The Aham and Puram poems of the Kilukanakku minor chieftains. group were composed in post-Sangam period. That’s why The Chola emperor launched a successful naval expedition R explains A. against the sailendra kingdom. 48. (a) Both statements are true and the reason is correct 65. (a) Mrichchhakatika (The Clay Court) is a Sanskrit play explanation of assertion. written by Shudraka in 2nd C BC. It is about a young man 49. (b) Both the statements are true but do not explain each other. named Charudatta, and his love for Vasantasena, a rich 50. (a) Ashoka annexed Kalinga to the Mauryan empire in courtesan. 261 BC. Though Ashoka abandoned the policy of physical 66. (c) Vardhaman Mahavira's mother, Trishala was the sister occupation in favour of policy of cultural conquest after (not the daughter) of Lichchhavi chief Chetaka. the Kalinga War, yet he retained Kalinga after its conquest 67. (d) All statements are correct. The last Mauryan ruler, and incorporated it into his empire. Thus R explains A. Brihadratha was assassinated by his commander-in-chief, 51. (a) Greeks first introduced military governorship in India. Pushyamitra Sunga in 185 BC. The last ruler of Kanva They appointed their Governors called strategos. dynasty, Susharma was deposed by the Andhras and 52. (a) Alexander invaded India in 326 BC. Nandas were ruling Satavahana dynasty came into being. over India at that time. The chronological order of these 4 68. (d) Statement 1 is incorrect as fourth Buddhist Council dynasties was: Nanda, Maurya, Sunga and Kanvas. was held in Kashmir during the reign of Kanishka under the 53. (b) The capital of the Hoysalas was initially located at presidentship of Vasumitra and Ashvaghosh. Fa-Hien visited Belur but was later moved to Halebid. India during the reign of Chandra Gupta-II and not during 54. (b) Painted Greyware belonged to later Vedic period (1000– Kanishka's reign. Statement 2 is incorrect as Harsha was 600BC). Ajanta paintings belong to the Gupta period. Pahari not antagonistic to Buddhism when Hiuen -Tsang met him. School came into existence during the Mughal period. 69. (c) Jainism spread in South India under the leadership of 55. (b) To popularize the Mahayana form of Buddhism. Bhadrabahu (not Sthalabahu). The Jainas who remained Harshavardhana convened an assembly at Kannauj. The under the leadership of Bhadrabahu were called Digambaras Prayag assembly was convened to popularize himself. (not Shvetambaras) after the first council held at Pataliputra 56. (c) In 1017, Rajendra conquered Ceylon (Srilanka). Earlier (modern Patna) by Sthulbahu. Rajaraja I conquered only half of it. 70. (c) Atharvaveda is a book of magical formula. It contains 57. (d) Vasumitra and Ashavaghosh together presided over charms and spells to ward-off evil and disease. the fourth council. In this council Buddhists were divided 71. (c) Bimbisara belonged to the Haryanka dynasty. Magdha into Mahayanists and Hinayanists. empire came into prominence under him. He was a 58. (a) Cow, camel, horse and lion were not depicted on seals. contemporary of the Buddha. He strengthened his position by Unicorn (bull) was the animal most commonly represented marriage alliances. His first wife was the sister of Prasenjit (son on the seals. of king of Koshala) who was also contemporary of the Buddha. 59. (b) The correct match is option (b). 72. (b) Dantidurga, a feudatory of Chalukyas, founded the 60. (a) The Statue of Gomateshwara was built in deference to Rastrakuta empire in 753 C E (AD) with their capital at Jain deity Bahubali, It does not represent last Tirthankara Manyakhet. of Jains. India's largest Buddhist monastery is Tawang 73. (a) Sindhu was the old name of river Indus and Vitasta Monastery located in Arunachal Pradesh. It is the second was the old name of River Jhelum. In persent time largest in the world after the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet. Takshashila situated in Pakistan. 61. (b) Pavarana is a Buddhist holy day celebrated on the 74. (a) Alexander (Greek, 326 B.C.E.); Sakas (90 B.C.E.); full moon of the eleventh lunar month. It marks the end Kushanas (45 C.E.) of the month of Vassa, sometimes called "Buddhist 75. (b) Statement 1 is incorrect as most of the inscriptions of Lent." This day marks the end of the rainy season in the Andhra Ikshvaku period record either the construction some Asian countries like Thailand, where Theravada of the Buddhist viharas or the gifts made to them which Buddhism is practiced. On this day, each monk (Pali: shows that the Ikshvaku rulers of Southern India were bhikkhu) must come before the community of monks supporters of Buddhism. (Sangha) and atone for an offense he may have 76. (d) It was written by Samudragupta's court poet Harisena. committed during the Vassa. 77. (a) This is same as the Pythagoras theorem. 62. (d) The Mudrarakshasa ("The Signet of the Minister"), a 78. (b) The Jaina metaphysics is realistic and relativistic historical play in Sanskrit by Vishakhadatta (4th century pluralism. It is called Anekantavada or the doctrine of CE) narrates the ascent of the king Chandragupta Maurya ‘mayness of reality’. Matter and spirit are regarded as to power in Northern India. separate and independent realities.  EBD_8342 A 12 Topicwise Solved Papers 79. (a) A copper plate inscription of Maharaja Subandhu, He is free from the thirst of becoming and the illusion of recording his donation for the repair of the vihara was found self. Buddism explain Nivrana as a state of bliss or peace. at the site of Cave 2. Though, the date of the Bagh inscription 93. (b) Indus valley people did not possess great palaces and is missing, the Badwani copper plate inscription is dated in temples rather the civilization was noted for its cities built the year (Gupta era) 167 (487). of brick, roadside drainage system and multistoried houses. 80. (d) Option (d) is the correct answer. Indus valley people were peace loving. They were 81. (d) Jainism does not support belief in a creator deity. never engaged in any war. However speculations have been According to the Jain doctrine, the universe and its rife that some tectonic forces destroyed the civilization. Some constituents (soul, matter, space, time, and motion) have historians are of the view that invasion of Aryans, sea level always existed. All the constituents and actions are changes, earthquakes might have brought the civilization governed by universal natural laws. to its end therefore people employing horse drawn chariots 82. (c) We have read about the Mehrgarh cotton which is the in warfare is not true. Moreover, Indus valley seals show earliest example of Cotton cultivation in the old world, older swastika, animals which is suggestive of their religious than the Peruvians. The cloth was made, and even dyed, so beliefs. In view of large number of figurines found in Indus statement 2 is correct. The first statement is also correct valley, some scholars believe they worshipped mother and has been “lifted” from a famous history book. goddess symbolizing fertility. They worshipped a father God 83. (c) ‘Rita’ refers to regulation order by nature and was who might be a progenitor of the race and was a probably a related to the conduct of the Vedic Gods and Humans, prototype of Siva as the Lord of the Animals. somewhere related to the moral and physical law. Statement 94. (d) The surest way of annihilating Karma is to practice 2 is correct. ‘Rita’ was later replaced by ‘Dharma’ and was a penance. Karma is the bane of the soul and must be ended. more sophisticated form of principles of law. As per “Swadhyay Paramam Tap” According to Jain doctrines Chanakya, ‘Dharma’ was the promotion of one’s own Penance washes away all the blemishes and purges the soul of all karmic matter. security, happiness as well as the social order. Also, according to Jainism, Karma is the bane of the soul. 84. (c) 1st, 3rd and 4th are correct. Karma not only encompasses the causality of transmigration 85. (b) Both Buddhism and Jainism denied the authority of but it is also conceived as an extremely subtle matter which the Vedas and the efficacy of Rituals. infiltrates the soul, obscuring its natural, transparent, pure 86. (c) Nagara, Dravida and Vesara are three main styles of qualities. Karma is thought of as a kind of pollution that taints Indian temple architecture. the soul with various colors. Based on its karma, a soul 87. (b) The earth witness Buddha is one of the most common undergoes transmigration and reincarnation in various states iconic images of Buddhism. It depicts the Buddha sitting in of existence like heavens or hells or as humans or animals. meditation with his left hand, palm upright, in his lap; and 95. (c) The Barbara rock cut caves are the oldest rock cut caves. his right hand touching the earth. This represents the They were originally made for the Ajivikas during the moment of the Buddha's enlightenment. Mauryan period (322-185 BCE). The Ellora caves were built 88. (c) The early Vedic Aryans indulged in Image Worship between 5th century and 10th century. There were 34 caves and Yajnas. out of which 12 were Buddhist caves, 17 were Hindu caves 89. (c) The wages, rules of work, standards and prices were and 5 were Jain caves. The proximity of the caves clearly fixed by the guild. demonstrates the religious harmony prevalent at that period The guild had judicial powers over its own members. of time. 90. (b) Chaityas refer to the halls enclosing the stupas. 96. (b) The tradesmen had to pay light duties at ferries and Chaityas were probably constructed to hold large numbers barriers. After paying the revenue they could go to and fro of devotees for prayer. Viharas on the other hand are to barter their merchandise. The punishment for social constructions built in ancient India in order to provide offences according to the traveller’s account, were to cut resting places for the wandering Buddhist monks. off the nose, or an ear or a hand. Minor offences were dealt 91. (b) Sankhya yoga believes that self –knowledge leads to with fines. And to determine guilt or innocence, ordeals by liberation. Almost all the rest of philosophies of India fire, water and poison were the instruments which were used. adopted Sankhya as its main base. Sankhya yoga also 97. (a) The pose ‘Tribhanga’ is the favourite posture of Lord believes in rebirth. According to Sankhya darshan each Krishna. We have often seen Lord Krishna standing in purusha experiences bhoga, apavarga and takes birth tribhanga posture before his cow ‘Kamdhenu’ or whenever repeatedly until kaivalya.(moksa). he is playing his flute. He is often called Tribhana Murari. 92. (a) The concept of Nirvana was originally explained by 98. (b) Ajanta Caves have mural paintings in caves 1, 2, 16 and Lord Buddha (566-486 BC). The word ‘Nirvana’ comes from 17. Some of the paintings were commissioned by Harisena of the root meaning ‘to blow out’ and refers to the extinguishing Vakataka dynasty. The theme of the paintings was Jataka of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion. When these tales. Lepakshi Temple is renowned for being one of the best emotional and psychological defilements are destroyed by repositories of mural paintings of the Vijaynagar kings. Sanchi wisdom, the mind becomes free, radiant, and joyful and he Stupa has many beautiful sculptures but not mural paintings. who has realized the Truth (Nirvana) is the happiest being 99. (c) 1 is correctly matched because Parinirvana of the in the world. He is free from all complexes and obsessions. Buddha in Cave 17 of Ajanta, with numerous celestial He does not repent the past nor does he brood over the musicians above and the sorrowful figures of his followers future. He lives fully in present. He appreciates and enjoys below, is one of the grandest and yet most delicately things in life in the purest sense without self projections. expressive scenes ever made in stone. 2 is wrong because Ancient History A 13 huge image of Varaha Avatar of Vishnu, as he rescues Sri Omkareshwar temple in Mysore is for Lord Shiva Goddess Earth from the deepand chaotic waters, sculpted and it's not a Sun Temple. on rock is found in Mamallapuram. 3 is right because Arjuna's Amarakantak in Madhya Pradesh has temples, but not Penance “Descent of Ganga” sculpted on the surface of any Sun temple. So #3 is wrong. Hence, by elimination, huge boulders is found in Mamallapuram. answer "A" only 1. 100. (c) Tabo monastery and temple complex is in Spiti Valley 110. (c) NEW NCERT Class 12 history, Ch. 1: All the gold and Alchi temple complex is in Ladakh. Lhotsava Lhakhang, Nako is in Himachal Pradesh. Zanskar Valley is in Jammu jewelry found at Harappan sites was recovered from hoards. and Kashmir. So, second statement is wrong, which eliminated B and D. 101. (c) Lokayata and Kapalika do not form of Six system of But then depending on which history book you refer, Indian philosophy Harappans were aware or unaware about the horses. So the experts were divided between option A and option C. UPSC Six system of Indian philosophy are chose ‘C’ as the official answer- meaning Harappans did not Samkhya Prakriti and Purush know about the horses. 111. (b) Academic books on medieval history mention that Yoga Releasing Purush from Parkriti Ganapati was the most powerful of Kakatiya sovereigns. Nyaya Logical thinking Motupalli, now in Krishna district, was an important Vaishes hika Realistic and objective philosophy seaport in his kingdom, frequented by foreign merchants. of universe So, "B" is the answer. Mimamsa Analyzing Samhita and Brahmana 112. (b) Sthanakvasi don't differ much from the other portion of Veda. Svetambara Jainas, hence now-a-days they invariably call themselves as Svetambara Sthanakvasi. Vedanta It is the climax of Indian Phylosophy 113. (c) Maitreya, is the future Buddha, whose coming was said to have been prophesied by the historical Buddha and 102. (d) The words Satyameva Jayate came from Mundaka who in years to come, would purify the world with his Upanishad, meaning ‘Truth Alone Triumphs’. teachings. let's also learn about the wrong options, lest 103. (c) Buddh born in Lumbini, in Kosala kingdom.Buddh died in Kusinara, in Magadha kingdom. Avanti lay outside the they're asked in future exams: Avalokitesvara (watchful area visited by buddha, and was converted to his teaching lord), also called Padmapani (lotus-bearer), whose attribute by his disciple Mahakaccana. Gandhara is western part of is compassion, which reaches down even to Avichi, the Pakistan & Afghanistan and Buddha never went to Pakistan. lowest Buddhist purgatory. Loksesvara is also used as a 104. (b) Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was built during the reign synonym for Avalokitesvar(a) of Ashoka in 250 BC. Lingaraja Temple at Bhubneshwar 114. (a) Sujni embroidery- Incorrect. It belongs to Bihar. was built by Yayati (1025-1040). Rock-cut monuments at Upada Jamdani Sarees- Incorrect. It belongs to Andhra Mahabalipuram were built during 7th-8th century AD during Pradesh. the reign of Pallavas. Varaha Image at Udaygiri was built by So, by elimination, we are left with answer A: 1 only. Chandragupta II of Gupta Empire. 115. (b) Khongjom Parva is an important folk music from the 105. (b) The Malavikagnimitra is a Sanskrit play by Kalidas. state of Manipur. It is a popular ballad genre which is a The play tells the love story of Agnimitra, the Shunga musical narration of the battle of Khongjom fought between Emperor. He falls in love with the picture of an exiled the British army and the Manipuri resistance forces in servant girl named Malavika. 1891. So, statement#2 is right, this eliminates A and (C) 106. (d) A special category of land, eripatti, or land, is Thang Ta is the exclusive martial dance form of mentioned. Donated by individuals, the revenue from this Manipur. Thang means sword and Ta means spear. So, land was set apart for the maintenance of the village tank. statement#3 is wrong, this eliminates (D) Therefore answer Occasionally a very large village would be administered as must be B: only 1 and 2. a single unit and this was called Taniyur. 116. (c) Nitin ch1: Sohgaura Copper Plate: The earliest known Ref: A History of India by Romila Thapar. copper-plate, known as the Sohgaura copper-plate, is a 107. (b) Sautrantikas and Sammtiyas as Buddhism sects. So Mauryan record that mentions famine relief efforts. So it can't be a Harappan site, answer is c. first statement is wrong. 117. (a) 1993: A team of archeologists surveyed Sannai, And Sarvastivadin sect of Buddhism believes that all Karnataka. The most dramatic evidence came from things exist, and exist continuously, in the past and the Kanagahalli. The discoveries at the site included a broken future as well as in the present. So second statement is relief sculpture showing a king and queen flanked by right. female attendants. An inscription in brahmi letter read 108. (a) New NCERT, Std. 11. An Introduction to Indian Art (Page "Ranyo Ashoka" (King Ashoka). 54 shows big photo with caption: Padmapaniboddhisattva at 118. (d) The Mahayana followers believe in idol or image ajanta Cave no. 1) worship of Buddha. So 1 and 3 are correct. The concept 109. (a) Andhra Pradesh state Govt. website says Arasavalli of Bodhisattva is the result of Mahayana Buddhism. So in Srikakulam district has sun temple. So 1 is right. 2 is also correct.  EBD_8342 A 14 Topicwise Solved Papers 119. (a) A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India by 124. (c) Upinder Singh, page 508: Mahendra Varman- I (590- 630 CE) Forced labour (Vishti) became more common than before