Human Rights PDF

# LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS ## BASES CONCEPTUALES The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (DUDH) is a document that serves as a global action plan for freedom and equality, protecting the rights of all people in all places. It was the first time countries agreed on the freedoms and rights deserving u...

# LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS ## BASES CONCEPTUALES The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (DUDH) is a document that serves as a global action plan for freedom and equality, protecting the rights of all people in all places. It was the first time countries agreed on the freedoms and rights deserving universal protection so that all people could live their lives in freedom, equality, and dignity. The DUDH was adopted by the United Nations (UN), which had just been established, on December 10, 1948, as a response to the "outrageous acts against the conscience of humanity" committed during the Second World War. Its adoption recognized that human rights are the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace. Work on the DUDH began in 1946, with a drafting committee made up of representatives from a wide variety of countries, including the United States, Lebanon, and China. The drafting committee was expanded subsequently to include representatives from Australia, Chile, France, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, which allowed the document to benefit from contributions from states from all regions and their diversity of religious, political, and cultural contexts. Afterwards, the Declaration was discussed by all members of the ONU's Commission of Human Rights and, ultimately, was adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The Declaration contains 30 rights and freedoms that belong to all people, and that no one can take away. The rights that were included remain the basis of international human rights law. Currently, the Declaration still serves as a living document. It is the most translated document in the world. The legacy of the Universal Declaration challenges us to be on the offensive. It demands that we resist globalized, transnational, and localized attacks against rights. But it also tells us that this will not be enough. It also asks us to change the construction of world orders that perpetuate privileges and historical injustices, violate rights, and silence those who defend them; and to transform global governance by reimagining, innovating, and leading. We should build leadership and institutions and systems that are bold and visionary, capable of protecting our planet for future generations and from everything that afflicts us. ## ¿PARA QUE ESTÁ CONCEBIDA? The DUDH marks a milestone. For the first time, the world had a globally agreed-upon document indicating that all human beingsare free and equal regardless of sex, color, beliefs, religion, or other characteristics. The 30 rights and freedoms included in the DUDH include the right not to be subjected to torture, the right to freedom of expression, the right to education, and the right to seek asylum. The Declaration includes civil and political rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and privacy. It also includes economic, social, and cultural rights, such as the rights to social security, health, and adequate housing. ## Los Derechos Humanos According to the UN (United Nations Organization), human rights are defined as rights inherent to all human beings, without distinction of race, sex, nationality, ethnic origin, language, religion, or any other status. Among human rights include the right to life, to liberty; to not be subjected to slavery or torture, to freedom, to freedom of opinion and expression; to education and work, among many others. These rights apply to all people, without discrimination. Human Rights (HR) are international and are also classified by origin (first, second, and third generation rights), or by function (social, civil, public, and political rights). * **Social Rights:** Social rights are those that allow human beings to develop within society. Some examples of this type of right are: the right to education, freedom of worship, the right to work, the right to property, among others. * **Public Rights:** These are all those in which the freedoms to express opinions, ideas, and thoughts on relevant societal issues are contemplated. The right to freedom of expression and the right to establish both cultural and political associations are examples of public rights. * **Political Rights:** These are those that are related to the development of citizens in the political sphere. Among political rights, we can find the right to vote, the right to hold public office, among others. * **Civil Rights:** These are those intended for the protection of the human being. Among these, we can find the rights that seek personal and economic security. For example: the right to life. By origin, human rights are classified chronologically, that is, according to the order in which they were created. * **First Generation Rights** First generation rights arose in pursuit of promoting freedom and minimizing the intervention of the powerful in the private lives of people. Additionally, they sought to guarantee the participation of all citizens in the political sphere. These rights include civil and political rights. * The right to life * The right to liberty * Freedom of assembly and peaceful association. * The right to freedom of expression. * The right to privacy. * Freedom of thought and religion. * The right to marry. * The right to political security. * The freedom to have the number of children that each person desires. * The right to legal security. * Abolition of slavery, torture, and/or cruel treatment. * **Second Generation Rights** These rights sought to guarantee a better quality of life for people, promoting the creation of social and economic policies that would allow everyone to live in adequate conditions: * The right to social security * The right to participate in the development of society * The right to work under equitable and satisfactory conditions * The right to fair compensation * The right to housing * The right to education * The right to physical and mental health * The right to education. * **Third Generation Rights** These rights seek to promote solidarity among people in all parts of the world, therefore promoting constructive and peaceful relations among individuals. * The right to peace * The right to a clean environment * The right to the use of technological advances * The right to self-determination * The right to national and cultural identity * The right to political and economic independence.