Universal Declaration of Human Rights PDF

The universal declaration of human rights: Declaration means to announce formally.So it means that it is the formal or written announcement of the human rights which means that the human rights are stated here in this document. So the universal declaration of human right ie UDHR is a group of compre...

The universal declaration of human rights: Declaration means to announce formally.So it means that it is the formal or written announcement of the human rights which means that the human rights are stated here in this document. So the universal declaration of human right ie UDHR is a group of comprehensive statement about all the human rights which include civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. This formal declaration was ractified ie offically accepted on 10 th Of December 1948. And was adopted and accepted by 56 members of the united nation. As it’s an official document enlisting or stating all the human rights. So it’s an important international source of human rights. It has 30 articles which together form a comprehensive statement covering economic, social, cultural, political, and civil rights. It being about human rights have the same properties as human rights ie its universal which means that it applies to all human beings , to all people everywhere as being the rights for humans, so it applies to all humans. Indivisible ie the rights can’t be picked and choosed to be accepted or not but have to at any cost be made available to all. So the UDHR document itself is both universal ie it applies to all people everywhere and indivisible ie all the rights are equally important to the full realisation of one’s humanity. Which means that not only are the rights interdependent but they are also inherent to humans as they are born with such needs and these rights are for the fulfilmentof such needs. So these rights are inherent to the dignity of human beings. The declaration itself is not a treaty and so it lacks any enforcement power or provisions rather , instead its a statement of intents or a comprehensive statement about an interest of un which is united nations. It’s a set of principles to which the united nations member states commit themselves in an effort to provide all people alife of human dignity. UDHR ‘s Purpose: The declaration was intended to become a common standard of achievement for all people and all nations. It was the first international document that spelled out the basic civil, political, social, cultural and economic rights that all humans should enjoy. The UN General Assembly ratified the declaration unanimously on December 10 th, 1948. The vote to adopt the UDHR was considered a victory as it unified diverse nations and conflicting political regimes. The UDHR was not legally binding, even though it carried great moral weight. So in order to give the human rights listed in the declaration the force of law, the united nations drafted 2 covenants:  ◦ International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights called as ICCPR. ◦ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights called as ICESCR. the division of the right between these 2 treaties is artificial , which appears to be a reflection of the global ideological divide during the Cold War. Even though politics prevented the creation of a unified treaty, the two covenants are interrelated, and the rights contained in one covenant are necessary to the fulfilment of the rights contained in the other. Universal Declaration of Human Rights: General point of the Universal declaration ofhuman rights: The UDHR outlines the individual rights and freedoms of everyone, which is based on the principle that human rights are based on the inherent dignity of every person. It contains both civil and political as well as economic social and cultural rights. It is not legally binding, but nonetheless forms the bedrock of the international human rights law. It is available in over 350 languages- the most translated document in the world. Preamble of the UDHR: It states: Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all the menbers of human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world…. etc The human rights included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The different human rights distribution across following articles are: (From article 3-14) - part one personal rights. Which are the rights of a person or individual. These are as follows: Article3: Right to life, liberty and personal security. Articles4: Freedom from slavery. Article 5: Freedom from torture and degrading treatment Article 6: Right to recognition as a person before the law. Article 7: Right to Equality before the law. Article 8: Right to remedy by competent tribunal Article9: Freedom from arbitrary arrest and exile. Article 10: Right to fair public hearing Article 11: Right to be considered innocent until proven guilty Article 12: Freedom from interference with privacy, family, home and correspondence. Article 13: Right to free movement in and out of the country Article 14: Right to Asylum in other countries from Persecution Part 2 Rights connected to the person’s status: From article 15-17 Article 15: Right to a Nationality and the freedom to change it. Article 16: Right to marriage and family Article17: Right to own a property Part 3- Public and political rights: From article 18- 21 Article 18: Freedom of belief and Religion Article 19: Freedom of opinion and information Article20: Right of peaceful assembly and association Article 21: Right to participate in Government and in free elections part 4: from article 22-27 Economic, Social and Cultural rights Article 22: Right to social security Article 23: Right to desirable work or to join trade unions Article 24: Right to rest and leisure Article 25: Right to adequate living standard Article 26: Right to Education Article 27: Right to participate in the Cultural life of Cumminity The last 3 rights of the universal declaration of human rights UDHR stipulate that there must be a social system that guarantees the implementation of these rights, and every individual has obligations towards his or here community. And that this declaration should never be interpreted in any way that prejudices the rights contained in it. Drawback of UDHR: When the UDHR was adopted, broder agreement already existed that the rights it contained should be translated into legal form as treaties, which would directly bind those States that agreed to their terms.