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How Animals Survive Week 12 (September 9-13, 2024) Week 13 (September 16-19, 2024) Core Value: Excellence  How Animals Survive Part 1: BODY SYSTEM https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_and_Physiology_Prepa ratory_Course_(L...

How Animals Survive Week 12 (September 9-13, 2024) Week 13 (September 16-19, 2024) Core Value: Excellence  How Animals Survive Part 1: BODY SYSTEM https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Human_Anatomy_and_Physiology_Prepa ratory_Course_(Liachovitzky)/05%3A_Higher_Levels_of_Complexity- _Organs_and_Systems/5.01%3A_Organs_and_Systems_of_the_Human_Organism#:~:text=They%20are% 20Integumentary%20System%2C%20Skeletal,Figure%205.1. Textbook : pp.136-152 Digestive System Cardiovascular/ Circulatory System Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues Equalizes temperature in the body Cardiovascular / Circulatory https://classhall.com/lesson/ System circulatory-system/ Nervous System Respiratory System Excretory/Urinary System Immune /Lymphatic System Muscular System Skeletal System  Integumentary System https://www.slideshare.net/shainamavreenvillaroza/integumentary-system-36066739 Reproductive System Endocrine System Please read… https://www.thoughtco.com/ani mal-organ-systems-4101795  How Animals Survive Part 2: HOMEOSTASIS  HOMEOSTASIS A self-regulating process in the body that maintains stability in an organism’s body while adjusting to conditions that are best for its The Greek words homeo or survival. homoios “similar,” and stasis, “standing still,” are combined to form the word homeostasis, which conveys the sense of “staying the same.” WHAT NEEDS TO BE MAINTAINED CONSTANT IN INTERNAL Concentration of oxygen and carbon ENVIRONMENT? dioxide. pH of the internal environment. Concentration of nutrients and waste products. Concentration of salt and other electrolytes. Volume and pressure of extracellular fluid. LET US FIND OUT! How do all organs and organ systems of the body help in maintenance of homeostasis? What are the automatic control systems? How do they work? https://www.you tube.com/watch ?v=XMsJ- 3qRVJM&t=4s&a b_channel=Cogni to You may also watch: Mechanism of Homeostasis  The mechanism of homeostasis involve a series of feedback loops, where changes in the internal environment are detected by sensors, Mechanism of which then trigger appropriate responses to bring the system back to its normal state. Homeostasis These responses can be either negative feedback, where the system acts to reverse the change, or positive feedback, where the system amplifies the change. Components Responsible for the Maintenance of Homeostasis  Information Causing a change in The control center about the the animal’s then sends out a environment is behavior or signal, stimulating sent from the physiology a hormonal or receptors to to decrease the nervous systems the control impact on the response. center. receptor.  HOMEOSTASIS Sensor Controller Effector Internal Balance  HOMEOSTASIS Sensor Controller Effector FEEDBACK LOOP Feedback loops are biological mechanisms whereby homeostasis is maintained. This occurs when the product or output of an event or reaction changes the organism’s response to that reaction. HOMEOSTASIS FEEDBACK LOOP NEGATIVE FEEDBACK POSITIVE FEEDBACK  HOMEOSTASIS NEGATIVE FEEDBACK A homeostatic feedback loop which uses the output as a “switch” to the process which either changes the amount of the output or stops the process entirely to maintain balance.  HOMEOSTASIS Thermoregulation NEGATIVE FEEDBACK Osmoregulation A homeostatic feedback loop which uses the output as a “switch” to the process which either changes the amount of the output or stops the process entirely to maintain balance. Glucoregulation Thermoregulation ❑ Thermoregulation is how mammals maintain a steady body temperature. Unlike reptiles, which have a body temperature that changes with their environment, mammals need to keep a consistent body temperature all of the time. In humans, the healthy range is within a degree or two of 98.6°F (37°C). ❑ When thermoregulation works as it should, the body performs at its optimum level. A temperature that is too high or too low can affect. heart circulatory system brain gastrointestinal tract lungs kidneys liver Thermoregulation  Osmoregulation Sweating too much Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of the body fluid of an organism. Less urine output  Osmoregulation If you don’t sweat More urine output Blood Glucose levels 60mg/dL → 140mg/dL Glucoregulation Blood Glucose levels HYPOGLYCEMIA – HYPERGLYCEMIA Low Blood Sugar 60mg/dL → 140mg/dL HYPOGLYCEMIA Glucoregulation Blood Glucose levels HYPERGLYCEMIA – high blood glucose HYPERGLYCEMIA 60mg/dL → 140mg/dL Pancreas Glucoregulation  Blood Glucose levels Insulin is a hormone made by our 140mg/dL pancreas that allows the body to use sugar from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or for future use. HYPERGLYCEMIA INSULIN 60mg/dL Pancreas HYPOGLYCEMIA GLUCAGON Glucagon is a peptide hormone that is produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. Its purpose is to raise the concentration of Glucoregulation glucose and fatty acids in our bloodstream.  HOMEOSTASIS POSITIVE FEEDBACK A homeostatic feedback loop which uses a portion (or all) of the output as input for future processes.  Labor and Childbirth POSITIVE FEEDBACK A homeostatic feedback loop which uses a portion (or all) of Blood clotting the output as input for future processes. Digestion  POSITIVE FEEDBACK Sensor Controller Effector Internal Balance  Childbirth https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/10%3A_Introduction_to_the_Human_B ody/10.7%3A_Homeostasis_and_Feedback  1. The onset of contractions in childbirth is also known as the Ferguson reflex. Childbirth 2. In the case of childbirth, the growth of the baby eventually causes the uterine walls to expand, which is reflected by the stretch receptors  3. This stretching will trigger the secretion of oxytocin hormones that Childbirth activate the uterine muscles, and it causes a reduction in the space of the uterus Oxytocin stimulates powerful contractions that help to thin and open (dilate) the cervix, move the baby down and out of the birth canal, push out the placenta, and limit bleeding at the site of the placenta.  4. It causes more stretching of the uterus and consequently Childbirth more contractions will happen until the original stimulus (fetus) is removed (i.e., birth) POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM – BLOOD CLOTTING Break or tear in blood vessel wall Clotting occurs as platelets adhere to site and release chemicals Released chemical attract more platelets, which release more chemicals Clotting proceeds until break is sealed by newly formed clot. POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM – Digestion The digestive system enzyme pepsin was activated (positive feedback mechanism). Eating food triggers the stomach to release a protein called pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach then converts the pepsinogen into the active enzyme pepsin. HCl maintains a pH in the stomach of 2.0. The presence of pepsin signals the stomach to release more pepsinogen molecules and convert these to pepsin. The process continues until there is enough pepsin to break down the ingested food. PERFORMANCE CHECK 1  Performance Check 1 Instructions: For your first task for your Performance Task (PeTa), gather all the facts, related studies, and updated research on the chosen organ system. he gathered data will help to synthesize the significant details you could use for your gallery walk next week. More importantly, all this information will also help you to comprehend the purpose of the organ system in our lives as we deal with life science. Assigning https://wheelofnames.com/  Read articles, scholars, journals, and other e-resources that will help you gather the necessary data for your research. Make sure to evaluate and validate the resources before collecting and synthesizing your outline. The research outline shall contain the following components: 1. Function of the Organ System 2. Parts of the organ system and their functions 3. The role of your organ system in maintaining homeostasis 4. Common illnesses that affects the organ system. The research will show a clear discussion of the components. Avoid using AI and copying the work of other published outputs. References shall be provided in the later part of the research process, following the APA format. Submit your work to your teacher for signing and verification. RESEARCH OUTLINE Component #1 Function of the Organ System worksheetsplanet. (2023, September 24). Functions of Excretory System. Worksheets Planet. https://www.worksheetsplanet.com/functions-of-excretory-system/ Component #2 Parts of the Organ System and their functions Mr Denmead. (2023, March 17). 3.6 Part 1 - Excretory System Basics. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3lgoT1VfLc Component #3 The role of the organ system in maintaining homeostasis. https://www.slideshare.net/melindamacdonald/excretory-system-34077919 Component #4 COMPONENT 4 – Illnesses associated with the organ system Excretory System (Human Anatomy): Picture, Functions, Diseases, and Treatments. (n.d.). Lybrate. https://www.lybrate.com/topic/excretory-system-image References MyBib Contributors. (2019, May 26). APA Citation Generator – FREE & Fast – (6th Edition, 2019). MyBib. https://www.mybib.com/tools/apa-citation-generator Worksheetsplanet. (2023, September 24). Functions of Excretory System. Worksheets Planet. https://www.worksheetsplanet.com/functions-of- excretory-system/ (References shall be provided in the later part of the research process, following the APA format)  Rubric RUBRIC Criteria Description and Rating Accomplished Developing Beginning 10 7 4 Content The Output consist of all required The Output is missing 1 necessary The Output is missing 2 or more Completeness of the Output necessary components, including the component. necessary components. resources. 5 3 1 Accuracy of Content Illustrates an accurate and thorough Illustrates an accurate Illustrates a limited understanding Accuracy of the scientific concepts understanding of scientific concepts, understanding of most scientific of scientific concepts, not clearly reflected on the Output clearly and excellently justified. concepts, and justified justified. 5 1 Organization 3 The presentation of ideas is organized, The presentation of ideas shows no The cohesiveness of the ideas coherent, relevant, and accurate to The presentation of ideas is evidence of structure or presented on the Output each other. The ideas are logical, organized, structured and logical. organization. structured, and well-developed. TOTAL: /20 Peer PEER EVALUATION FOR GROUP ACTIVITY DIRECTIONS: Please evaluate your groupmates’ participation and contribution in the preparation and submission of this activity/requirement using the following rubric. 10 – My groupmate has always actively participated and significantly contributed ideas/thoughts/concepts in the preparation and submission of requirements. Evaluation 8- My groupmate has participated and contributed ideas/thoughts/concepts in the preparation and submission of requirements. 6- My groupmate has sometimes participated and contributed ideas/thoughts/concepts in the preparation and submission of requirements. 4- My groupmate has seldom participated and contributed ideas/thoughts/concepts in the preparation and submission of requirements. My groupmate has never participated and contributed any ideas/thoughts/concepts in the preparation and submission of requirements NAME OF GROUPMATES Student SCORE ASSIGNED TASK (Alphabetical order – LN, FN, MI) Number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.