Homeostasis (Biology) PDF
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Uploaded by MesmerizedMoldavite7389
2021
Pearson
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Summary
This document describes homeostasis, a key biological concept, in animals. It explores how animals maintain internal stability despite external changes, using examples like regulating temperature in water. It explains the concepts of regulators and conformers, and highlights the role of negative feedback mechanisms in maintaining homeostasis. The document describes how animals regulate to maintain internal conditions despite environmental changes.
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Concept 32.3: Feedback Control Maintains the Internal Environment in Many Animals (음성되먹임 조절이 많은 동물들의 내부 환경을 유지해준다) • Faced with environmental fluctuations, animals manage their internal environment by either regulating or conforming (환경 변화에 직면한 동물은 내부 환경을 조절...
Concept 32.3: Feedback Control Maintains the Internal Environment in Many Animals (음성되먹임 조절이 많은 동물들의 내부 환경을 유지해준다) • Faced with environmental fluctuations, animals manage their internal environment by either regulating or conforming (환경 변화에 직면한 동물은 내부 환경을 조절하거나 순응함으로써 내부 환경을 관리한다) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Regulating and Conforming (조절과 순응) • An animal that is a regulator (조절자) uses internal mechanisms to control internal change despite external fluctuation (조절자인 동물은 외부의 변동에도 불구하고 내부 메커니즘을 사용하여 내부 변화를 제어한다) • An animal that is a conformer (순응자) allows its internal condition to change in accordance with external changes (순응자인 동물은 외부 변화에 따라 내부 상태가 변화하도록 허용한다) 수달 (온도 조절자) Figure 32.10 Regulating and Conforming (조절자와 순응자) 배스 (온도 순응자) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Regulating and Conforming (조절과 순응) • An animal may regulate some internal conditions and not others (동물은 일부 내부 조건을 조절할 수 있지만 다른 조건은 조절하지 못할 수 있다) • For example, a fish may conform to surrounding temperature in the water, but it regulates solute concentrations in its blood and interstitial fluid (간질액) (the fluid surrounding body cells) (예를 들어, 물고기는 물속에서 주변 온도에 순응할 수 있지만 혈액과 간질액(체세포를 둘러싼 액체)의 용질 농도를 조절한다) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Homeostasis (항상성) • Organisms use homeostasis (항상성) to maintain a “steady state” or internal balance regardless of external environment (유기체는 항상성을 사용하여 외부 환경과 관계없이 '정상 상태' 또는 내부 균형을 유지한다) • In humans, body temperature, blood pH, and glucose concentration are each maintained at a constant level (사람의 경우 체온, 혈액 pH 및 포도당 농도는 각각 일정한 수준으로 유지된다) 냉방기 켜짐 Set point 설정점 Figure 32.11 A Nonliving Example of Temperature Regulation: Control of Room Temperature (온도 조절의 무생물 사례: 실내온도 조절) 난방기 켜짐 Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Homeostasis (항상성) • Animals achieve homeostasis by maintaining a variable at or near a particular value, or set point (설정점) (동물은 변수를 특정 값 또는 설정점에 가깝게 유지함으로써 항상성을 달성한다) • Fluctuations above or below the set point serve as a stimulus (자극) that is detected by a sensor (감지기) and triggers a response (반응) (설정 포인트 위 또는 아래의 변동은 센서가 감지하여 반응을 트리거하는 자극으로 작용함) • The response returns the variable to the set point • Homeostasis in animals relies largely on negative feedback, a control mechanism that reduces the stimulus • Homeostasis moderates, but does not eliminate, changes in the internal environment • Set points and normal ranges for homeostasis are usually stable, but certain regulated changes in the internal environment are essential Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved
