Cytology 2 2022 MSA University PDF

Cytology 2 By Prof. Dr. Gehan Khalaf Department of Histology 2022  Mitochondria Definition: Membranous organelles L.M: special stains ……rods, spheres  E.M.: Largest organoids 1 x 10 µm in size 1-Outer membrane; Smooth permeable 2-Inner membrane: Rough...

Cytology 2 By Prof. Dr. Gehan Khalaf Department of Histology 2022  Mitochondria Definition: Membranous organelles L.M: special stains ……rods, spheres  E.M.: Largest organoids 1 x 10 µm in size 1-Outer membrane; Smooth permeable 2-Inner membrane: Rough (folds-cristae) Selective permeable 3- inter membranous space  4- Cristae Enzymes of respiratory chain & A.T.P. synthase 5-Matrix space (Inter cristae) -Electron dense granules ( ca) -Enzymes of kreb’s cycle &fatty oxidation -DNA… Self divide (10 days life span) -RNA -Ribosomes… Form its own protein  Function: 1-Energy production ( abundant in liver cells & muscle) All of the following statements about mitochondria are true EXCEPT a. Their number depend on energy requirement b. Need special stain c. Can divide d. Contain hydrolytic enzymes  Ribosomes Def. : Non membranous Ribosomal RNA + protein Formed in nucleolus  L.M: basophilic cytoplasm Spotty basophilia Diffuse basophilia Localized basophilia  E.M: electron dense granules 2 subunits ( small – large )  2 types 1- Free ribosomes: 1- Clusters connected by m.RNA (Polysomes) 2- Synthesis of protein which remains in cytoplasm e.g embryonic cells 2- Attached ribosomes: 1- to RER by its large subunits 2- Synthesis of protein which need to be segregated ( secretory protein- lysosomal enzymes)& integral membrane protein e.g. Protein secreting cells..  Compare between RER and SER RER SER Parallel cisternae Branching and anastomosing tubules Protein synthesis Lipid , glycogen & steroid synthesis, Drug detoxification Ca storage in muscle Attached ribosomes No ribosomes Continuous with outer Not continuous nuclear membrane  Function of Golgi apparatus: 1- Concentration of protein 2- Modification of protein.. Glycosylation, sulfation 3- Sorting & package Secretory vesicles Lysosome Integral membrane protein  The membranes of the RER are in the form of: a. Vesicles b. Curved saccules c. Cisternae d. Tubules All of the following are functions of Golgi apparatus EXCEPT: a. Modification of protein. b. Concentration of protein. c. Synthesis of protein. d. Sorting and package of protein. Which of the following is a feature of smooth endoplasmic reticulum ? a. A basophilic structure b. Covered by ribosomes c. Continuous with nuclear membrane d. Interconnecting membranous tubules What are the cells that have abundant lysosomes? What are the differences between primary and secondary lysosomes Thank You Good Luck 