CULTURE.pptx.pdf

CULTURE WMSU 1 2 ACTIVITY 1 1. CREATE A GROUP OF SAME CULTURE AND TRIBE 2. ANSWER THE FOLLWING QUESTIONS AND PRESENT IT IN CLASS 3. AFTER THE ACTIVITY ANSWER THIS QUESTIONS: WHAT ARE YOUR REALIZATIONS IN THE ACTIVITY? WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE STEPS TO LESSEN CULTU...

CULTURE WMSU 1 2 ACTIVITY 1 1. CREATE A GROUP OF SAME CULTURE AND TRIBE 2. ANSWER THE FOLLWING QUESTIONS AND PRESENT IT IN CLASS 3. AFTER THE ACTIVITY ANSWER THIS QUESTIONS: WHAT ARE YOUR REALIZATIONS IN THE ACTIVITY? WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE STEPS TO LESSEN CULTURE DISCRIMINATION? 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12  WHAT IS ? Culture is a group which shapes a person's values and identity. Cultural identities can stem from the following differences: race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, country of origin, and geographic region. -is considered a central concept in anthropology encompassing the range of phenomena that are transmitted through social learning in human societies. Cultural universals are found in all human societies; these include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing. -is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by men as a member of society. ( E.E. TYLOR) It is a lens through which one views the world and is passed from one generation to the next. It is what makes us human. 13  Language, a system of communication using vocal sounds, gestures, and written symbols, is probably the most significant component of culture because it allows us to communicate. is so important that many have argued that it shapes not only our communication but our perceptions of how we see things as well. 14  There are 183 living languages currently spoken in the Philippines, the vast majority of which are indigenous tongues. This sounds like a lot until you consider the fact that the Philippines consist of 7,641 individual islands. 15 What Language Is Spoken In The Philippines? The two official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English. Filipino is the national language, and the official status of English is a holdover from its time as a U.S. territory between the years of 1898 and 1946. Filipino is the primary language used in school and media, and it’s also the lingua franca that unites the nation’s disparate linguistic communities. You’ll mostly encounter English in government, newspapers and magazines. 16 Filipino Vs. Tagalog Are Filipino and Tagalog more or less the same language? Almost, but not quite. Filipino is an updated version of Tagalog that includes elements of other native Philippine languages, as well as English, Spanish, Malay and Chinese. Due to its status at the time as the main language spoken in Manila, Tagalog became the national language of the Philippines in 1937 when Congress voted to include a native language among the officially recognized languages. Eventually, Tagalog was renamed Pilipino, and when the Constitution was amended in 1973 under dictator President Ferdinand Marcos, Congress took steps to create a new iteration of the language, which was to be known as Filipino. Filipino then gained official status in 1987. 17  The evolution of Pilipino into Filipino was part of Marcos’ efforts to create a “new society.” Part of this meant incorporating elements of other languages, often by replacing Tagalog words deemed “aesthetically unpleasing” with alternative words that sounded nicer. The letters f, j, c, x and z were added to the alphabet, and the spellings of some words changed to better reflect how they’re pronounced. 18 Other Major Languages There are also major regional languages spoken in the Philippines that include Aklanon, Basian, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano (a Spanish-based creole), Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ilonggo, Ivatan, Maranao, Tagalog, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Waray, Maguindanao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug and Yakan. These are all mostly indigenous languages belonging to the Austronesian language family. 19  Out of these, 10 languages account for the language over 90 percent of Filipino people speak at home. These languages are Tagalog, Bisaya, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Maguindanao, Kapampangan and Pangasinan. Immigrant populations have also affected the linguistic landscape of the Philippines. Major immigrant languages include Sindhi (20,000 speakers, according to Ethnologue), Japanese (2,900), Indonesian (2,580), Hindi (2,420) and German (960), as well as Korean, Arabic, Vietnamese, Malay, Tamil and various types of Chinese. 20 WHAT MAKES UP MATERIAL CULTURE refers to the physical objects, resources, and spaces that people use to define their culture. -includes the objects associated with a cultural group, such as tools, machines, utensils, buildings, and artwork. 21 WHAT MAKES UP NON-MATERIAL CULTURE refers to the nonphysical ideas that people have about their culture. - values, traditions, beliefs, morals ,languages, organization and institutions culture includes ways of thinking (beliefs, values, and assumptions) and ways of behaving (norms, interactions, and communication). 22 Concepts of POPULAR CULTURE -The cultural behaviors and ideas that are popular with most people in a society. -culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite. -culture produced for mass consumption 23 Concepts of HIGH CULTURE Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite. 24 Concepts of MAINSTREAM CULTURE -The cultural patterns that are broadly in line with a society’s cultural ideals and values. -Dominant culture (mainstream culture) is the culture that is held within a large amount of people residing in a society, or in other words it is the culture that seems the most “normal” to those that live in a specific area of the world. 25 Concepts of SUBCULTURE -Cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society’s population. -A subculture is a group of people within a culture that differentiates itself from the parent culture to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles 26 Concepts of CULTURAL LAG refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and that social problems and conflicts are caused by this lag. 27 Concepts of CULTURAL CONFLICTS Cultural conflicts arise because of the differences in values and norms of behavior of people from different cultures. A person acts according to the values and norms of his or her culture; another person holding a different worldview might interpret his or her behavior from an opposite standpoint. This situation creates misunderstanding and can lead to conflict. 28 Concepts of CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION We communicate the way we do because we are raised in a particular culture and learn its language, rules, and norms. Different cultures (and subcultures) may have different rules and norms. Understanding the other's culture facilitates cross-cultural communication. 29 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE 1.Norms, the formal and informal rules regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a culture. govern our behavior 30 TWO TYPES OF NORMS Folkway is a loosely enforced norm that involves common customs, practices, or procedures that ensure smooth social interaction and acceptance. Mores is a norm that carries greater moral significance, is closely related to the core values of a group, and often involves severe repercussions for violators. 31 ELEMENTS OF CULTURE 2.Traditions and Customs, It refers to a body of beliefs or behaviors handed down orally from generation to generation. 3.Values, Are absolute standards to what society considers proper and good 4.Laws, Are formalized norms, which has the formal sanction of state. 5.Social Control, It refers to the discipline you impose when encountering certain limitation to the rule; acting in an ethical and appropriate way 32 FACTORS OF CULTURE 1.Ethnocentrism, Culture is far more superior to other cultures. 2.Xenocentrism. Foreign culture is the best culture. 3.Temporocentrism, What is present Culture, is more important than the past. 4.Counterculture, Contradict the dominant norms, values or culture of the society; a certainty culture is against the culture. 33 FACTORS OF CULTURE 5.Culture Shock, Encounter a new culture that can serve and feel the essence of the culture that is different from their own. 6.Cultural Diffusion, Spreading of culture pattern from one group of people to another. 7.Cultural Relativism, Compare or question the culture of other culture. 8.Cultural Change, Transition of culture through adaptations. 34 FACTORS OF CULTURE 9.Subculture, Culture within a culture 10.Idiocultures, Group forms its own culture to a certain extent. A System of beliefs, knowledge, behaviors, and customs through group interactions. 35 3 A’s of Culture 36 3 A’s of Culture 37 3 A’s of Culture 38 How Do I Manage Cultural Diversity? Since everyone is the product of their own culture, we need to increase both self-awareness and cross-cultural awareness. There is no book of instructions to deal with cultural diversity, no recipe to follow. But certain attitudes help to bridge cultures. 39  Admit that you don’t know Knowing that we don’t know everything, that a situation does not make sense, that our assumptions may be wrong is part of the process of becoming culturally aware. Assume differences, not similarities. 40  Suspend Judgments Collect as much information as possible so you can describe the situation accurately before evaluating it. 41  Empathy In order to understand another person, we need to try standing in his/her shoes. Through empathy we learn of how other people would like to be treated by us. 42 ANALYSIS 1. What are your realization in the activity? 2. If given a chance would you change your culture? 43 44