CRIM7-Module-2 PDF Laguna State Polytechnic University

Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited...

Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM) Course Criminological Research 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics) Sem/AY First Semester/2023-2024 Module No. 2 Lesson Title APA STYLE REFERENCING Week Duration Date Description This lesson will discuss the proper citation of referencing using the APA 7th of the Edition format Lesson Learning Outcomes Intended Students will have to meet the following intended learning outcomes: Learning Discuss the rules/guidelines in referencing different sources (In-text & Reference Outcomes list) Properly cite resources using the APA style (7th Edition). Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students will have to: Objectives Apply the rules of guidelines in referencing source that include In-text and reference list. Apply the proper citation of references to their approved study using the 7 th Edition APA format. Student Learning Strategies Online A. Synchronous Online Learning via Zoom Activities ✓ You will be directed to attend in a Three-hour class discussion. (Synchronous/ ✓ To have access to the Online Discussion, link will be forwarded before the scheduled date and time. Asynchronous) ✓ Assessment tasks will be online or onsite discussions. ✓ Assessments for performance tasks will be based on the rubric provided. (See provided rubric). ✓ For other instructions, refer to our Facebook Group. B. Asynchronous Online Learning via Google Classroom. ✓ Link of recorded video lectures with PowerPoint presentations, self-paced learning modules and other related information to the course will be uploaded via Google Classroom on or before the scheduled date and time as reflected in our Course Guide. ✓ Assessment tasks will be given during the online/onsite discussions. LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited ✓ Assessments for performance tasks will be based on the rubrics provided. (See provided rubrics). ✓ For other instructions, refer to our Facebook Group and see the schedule of activities for this module. C. Learning Guide Questions: 1. What are the standards for referencing various sources in terms of In-text? 2. What are the standards for referencing various sources in terms of reference list? 3. What are the four elements of a reference? Lecture Guide APA STYLE REFERENCING As previously discussed, referencing is important in an academic writing. It is both a moral and legal obligation for a writer to properly cite the source of his/her information. Morally, citing your sources is an acknowledgement of the works done by others. Legally, failure to properly cite sources of information is an act of plagiarism and an infringement of one’s copyright. Simply, it is a theft of someone’s ideas. In the research paper, there are two instances where referencing is to be seen. In the body of research text and the bibliography. a. In-text Citation – this appears in the text body of the research paper when using others’ works to support or argue with your ideas. b. Reference List – this shows the complete details of everything you cited and appears in an alphabetical list on separate page. Offline Activities It is important to note that whatever is cited in-text should be present in the (e-Learning/ reference list and vice-versa. All works cited in the reference list must be found in Self-Paced) the in-text citation. Before proceeding to the guidelines for citations, herein presented are techniques of presenting your in-text citations adopted from Wa-Mbaleka (2019). When you are citing your reference in the body of the research paper, it may be; ✓ Using a direct quote ✓ Paraphrasing ✓ Comparison ✓ Contrast ✓ Critical analysis 1. USING A DIRECT QUOTE ❑ To be used only if you want to use the exact words of the source that you want to cite. You should not overuse direct quotes. In direct quotes, you need to put quotation marks. You must make sure the direct quotes are few and each one of them should not ideally be longer than 20 words. You should use no more than three direct quotes per page. Example: LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited According to Wankey (2023) asserts that “third year students enrolled in Criminology 7 shall do their Research Seriously.” ❑ When you see a direct quote, you must provide the family name (or last name) of the author of the source that you are citing, the year of publication of his or her source, and the page number where that direct quote came from. Example: Wa-Mbaleka (2018) states that “one of the ways to make a manuscript readable is to subdivide the literature review into clear subsections” (p.65) because such practice helps the readers easily see a clear structure of the paper. (It could either be your implication or the paraphrased statement. 2. PARAPHRASING ❑ To be used to synthesize in your own words what you read from a source. This method of presenting other people’s idea is preferred in research writing. Example: One of the best ways to organize a review of the literature is to have a clear with different sections (Wa-Mbaleka, 2018). 3. COMPARISON ❑ In your writing of the literature review, it is important to indicate where different sources stated the same thing. When you do this, it shows that you are a very good reader who is able to find similarities between different sources. Example: Both Lune and Berg (2017) and Wa-Mbaleka (2018) emphasize the importance of presenting a thorough review of the literature in qualitative research. It was further supported by Wankey (2023) that the presentation of the RRL plays a vital role in qualitative research. 4. CONTRAST ❑ Sometimes, it is good to state how two or more sources are different. Again, this shows how good a reader you are for being able to find differences between two or more different sources. Example: While Denzin and Lincoln (2011) emphasize the importance of using solely qualitative research concepts in research papers, Yin (2014) sometimes uses quantitative research concepts such as validity and reliability. However, Wankey (2023) asserts that experimentation shall be included in the Research design especially for Criminology and Criminal Justice. Common denominator: Research Design LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited 5. CRITICAL ANALYSIS ❑ This is an approach of writing that sets you apart from the crowd. This calls for your critical thinking. This is expected usually from teachers, university students and professors. From what you read, you should try to find something that doesn’t have a convincing argument. ❑ It is your job to state why the argument presented in a source is not well supported. You try to show the flaws or weaknesses in the research that other people did before yours or articles that have already been published on your topic. Although this skill is vanishing from high school and senior high school, it is an important skill to develop before you go to college or university Example: Although the study conducted by Krashen (2018) claimed that people can learn second language vocabulary only by reading, there is some doubt about his claim. (this is not a direct quote but an implication based form their readings) Support In this study, he asked students to watch a video clip related to the same topic. This viewing may have pushed the research participants to check the meaning of the unknown words in the dictionary. This approach sheds some doubt about this claim that people can learn second language vocabulary solely by reading. NOTE: ✓ Whenever you cite someone’s source, you must use his or her last name and the year of publication. ✓ The page number is used only when you use a direct quote. ✓ When you use a direct quote, you must use also the quotation marks. There is a long list of how to reference an idea under the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA) but discussed on this module are the commonly encountered cases of referencing. The following are guidelines how you should write your in-text citation and the reference list. Always remember that what is ever is cited in-text must be cited in the reference. This rules is not applicable however for sources coming from a personal communication or interview. In the interview of individuals, their name appears in-text but not cited in the reference list. IN-TEXT CITATIONS As mentioned above, we do in-text citation whenever we are citing the works of other scholars in the main text body of the research paper. In-text citation can be done in either of the two (2) ways; a. Parenthetical – when you are putting the citation in brackets. Example: In deciding what specific building or establishment is to be targeted, it was found out that offenders are considering the risk of being arrested. (Wankey, 2023). LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Or Studies show that offenders consider the risk of being arrested (Wankey, 2023) and cues of occupancy (Felson, 2017) when deciding to target specific establishment. --> Comparison b. Narrative – if you are incorporating the citation as part of the paragraph in your discussion. Example: In picking a suitable target establishment, the study of Wankey (2018) entitled “_____________,” which suggests that offenders are considering the risk of being arrested. Or In 2023, Wankey suggests that the risk of being arrested is a key factor in deterring would be offenders. In an in-text citation, provide the surname(s) of the author(s) or the name(s) of the group author(s). Do not include suffixes such as “Jr.” in the in-text citation. The following are the guidelines when citing authors of scholarly articles or works; 1. ONE AUTHOR – write the last name of the author/editor and year of publication Example: Water is a necessary part of every person’s diet and of all the nutrients a body needs to function, it requires more water each day than any other nutrient (Whitney, 2011). OR; Whitney (2011) state the body requires many nutrients to function but highlight that water is of greater importance than any other nutrient. OR; Water is an essential element of anyone’s diet and Whitney (2011) emphasize it is more important than any other nutrient. 2. TWO AUTHORS – same as citing one author but instead write both last names of authors/editors. Example: Water is a necessary part of every person’s diet and of all the nutrients a body needs to function, it requires more water each day than any other nutrient (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011). OR; Whitney and Rolfes (2011) state the body requires many nutrients to function but highlight that water is of greater importance than any other nutrient. OR; LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Water is an essential element of anyone’s diet and Whitney and Rolfes (2011) emphasize it is more important than any other nutrient. NOTE: & When the citation is in brackets (parenthetical), the ampersand “ ” is used as a conjunction between authors. However, if the citation is narrative (part of the sentence) the word “and” is used as conjunction between authors. Example: ✓ It is important to cite your sources (Ma-Mbaleka & Gladstone, 2019) (Parenthetical) ✓ In this sense, Wa-Mbaleka and Gladstone (2019) states that.... (Narrative) 3. THREE or More - include the name of only the first author plus “et al.” in every citation, including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity (‘et al.’ is Latin for ‘and others’) Example: Deciding on a research method demands the researcher consider carefully the problem or area of investigation being researched (Watson et al., 2017). Avoiding Ambiguity in In-Text Citations Sometimes multiple works with three or more authors and the same publication year shorten to the same in-text citation form when the guidelines described in Section 8.17 (APA 7th Ed) are applied, which creates ambiguity. To avoid ambiguity, when the in-text citations of multiple works with three or more authors shorten to the same form, write out as many names as needed to distinguish the references, and abbreviate the rest of the names to “et al.” in every citation. For example, two works have the following authors: Kapoor, Bloom, Montez, Warner, and Hill (2017) Kapoor, Bloom, Zucker, Tang, Köroğlu, L’Enfant, Kim, and Daly (2017) Both these citations shorten to Kapoor et al. (2017). To avoid ambiguity when citing them both in your paper, cite them as follows: Kapoor, Bloom, Montez, et al. (2017) Kapoor, Bloom, Zucker, et al. (2017) Because “et al.” is plural (meaning “and others”), it cannot stand for only one name. When only the final author is different, spell out all names in every citation. Example: Hasan, Liang, Kahn, and Jones-Miller (2015) Hasan, Liang, Kahn, and Weintraub (2015) LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited 4. GROUPS AS AUTHORS - The names of some group authors (e.g., associations, government agencies) are spelled out in the first citation and abbreviated thereafter [abbreviation in square brackets]. Some groups are recognized by an abbreviation (e.g., WHO for World Health Organization). Example: First text citation: (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2007) or Ministry of Health (MOH, 2007) Second & subsequent citations: (MOH, 2007). Example: 1. First text citation- Ethical Standard - (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2007) or Ministry of Health (MOH, 2007) 2. Second & subsequent citations- Code of Conduct - (MOH, 2007). 3. Equipment - (MOH, 2007). NOTE: The rules for 2 or more authors above are also applicable to 2 or more group authors. 5. CITING A SECONDARY SOURCE - Where possible use original material. However, if the information you wish to use is cited by another author, acknowledge the source you have read, showing it is a secondary source. This demonstrates you have not read the original source but read about it in a secondary source. Within the text citation, use the words “as cited in” to indicate this is a secondary source. In the reference list, include the author and details of the source you actually read. Example: Cohen in 2018 (as cited in Bayag-0, 2018) emphasized that... Wankey in 2013 (ako ang nagconduct sa study), pero ang pinili nung mananaliksik ay ang testimonya ni Bayag-o, 2018 na nilalaman sa aking study Properties that are considered hot targets exhibits the CRAVE characteristics (Cohen, 2018, as cited in Bayag-o, 2018). NOTE: Only the secondary source is shown in the reference list. 6. SOURCES WITH NO YEAR OF PUBLICATION – cite the last name of the author/s and put “n.d.” (no date) on the date line. LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Example: It was noticed that crimes increases as number of population also increases (Gonzaga, n.d.). 7. UNKNOWN OR ANONYMOUS AUTHOR For works with an unknown author, include the title and year of publication in the in-text citation (note that the title moves to the author position in the reference list entry as well). If the title of the work is italicized in the reference, also italicize the title in the in-text citation. If the title of the work is not italicized in the reference, use double quotation marks around the title in the in-text citation. Capitalize these titles in the text using title case even though sentence case is used in the reference list entry. If the title is long, shorten it for the in-text citation. Example: Book with no author: (Interpersonal Skills, 2019) Magazine article with no author: (“Understanding Sensory Memory,” 2018) When the author of a work is overtly designated as “Anonymous”, “Anonymous” takes the place of the author name in the in-text citation. i.e. (Anonymous, 2017) 8. CITING MULTIPLE WORKS When citing multiple works parenthetically, place the citations in alphabetical order, separating them with semicolons. Listing both parenthetical in-text citations and reference list entries in alphabetical order helps readers locate and retrieve works because they are listed in the same order in both places. i.e. (Adams et al., 2019; Shumway & Shulman, 2015; Westinghouse, 2017) Arrange two or more works by the same authors by year of publication. Place citations with no date first, followed by works with dates in chronological order; in-press citations appear last. Give the authors’ surnames once; for each subsequent work, give only the date. Example: (Department of Veterans Affairs, n.d., 2017a, 2017b, 2019) Zhou (n.d., 2000, 2016, in press) 9. PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS Personal communications don’t provide recoverable data, which means that the information isn’t publicly available to the intended reader. Examples of personal communications include "emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews... [and] unrecorded classroom lectures" (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 260). If the intended audience of the work can’t recover them, other types of personal communication include Moodle discussion LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited forum postings, PowerPoint presentations or unpublished papers by an instructor that were posted to Moodle, organizational documents that are only available via a company’s intranet, or resources that require other specialized access, such as security clearance. Citations to personal communications should provide the author’s first initial and last name or the organizational author's name, the words “personal communication”, and the date the communication took place, the date of the resource, or the date that you accessed the resource. For example, "quotation" (C. Hare, personal communication, November 29, 2019) or C. Hare (personal communication, November 29, 2019) argued that "quotation". You don’t need to specify the type of communication; only the words “personal communication” are needed in the citation. If your reader needs to know more about how you accessed the information, you can describe that in your text. Since your reader can't access the original resource, page numbers or other location references aren’t necessary in citations to personal communication. Similarly, since personal communication isn’t recoverable, the sources are cited only in the body text (APA, 2020, p. 260). 10. VIDEOS FROM YOU TUBE and others video materials online Use the same style as citing authors in books, author and date format. The author is the uploader (It may be a person or organization). If the author is not his real name, use the channel name. The date to be used is the upload date. DIRECT QOUTES Quoting directly from a work should be done sparingly, in order to emphasize or stress a point in your essay. When using a quote, it must be copied exactly as written in the original work including any punctuation or incorrect spelling. When using a quote, include the author’s last name, year of publication and page number/s where the quote appears. 1. SHORT QUOTE – LESS THAN 40 WORDS To indicate a short quote (less than 40 words), enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Example: “Self-directed learning is also a term with which you will become familiar as you study in Australia or New Zealand. Students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning and organize their own study” (Hally, 2009, p. 7). LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Or Hally (2009) stated that “Self-directed learning is also a term with which you will become familiar as you study in Australia or New Zealand. Students are expected to take responsibility for their own learning and organize their own study.” (p.7) 2. LONGER QUOTE – 40 WORDS OR MORE For a quote that is 40 words or more, include it in your essay as a freestanding piece of text or block form and do not use the quotation marks. Double-space the entire quote. At the end of the quote, include the author’s name, year of publication and page number/s after the full stop. Example: Principle-based teaching and principle-based learning are important in nursing, particularly as they relate to clinical skills. Clinical skills are usually taught according to principles, and this means that the student learns key principles associated with the skill, and then applies those principles to the actual performance of the skill. (Hally, 2009, p. 6) Or In teaching nursing, Hally (2009) explains that: Principle-based teaching and principle-based learning are important in nursing, particularly as they relate to clinical skills. Clinical skills are usually taught according to principles, and this means that the student learns key principles associated with the skill, and then applies those principles to the actual performance of the skill. (p. 6). 3. TEXTUAL WORKS. To directly quote from written material that does not contain page numbers (e.g., webpages and websites, some ebooks), provide readers with another way of locating the quoted passage. Any of the following use the approach that will best approaches is acceptable; help readers find the quotation: LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited a. Provide a heading or section name. Example: For people with osteoarthritis, “painful joints should be moved through a full range of motion every day to maintain flexibility and to slow deterioration of cartilage” (Gecht-Silver & Duncombe, 2015, Osteoarthritis section). b. Provide an abbreviated heading or section name in quotation marks to indicate the abbreviation if the full heading or section name is too long or unwieldy to cite in full. In the next example, the original heading was “What Can You Do to Prevent Kidney Failure?” and the items are quoted separately because they originally appeared as part of a bulleted list. Example: To prevent kidney failure, patients should “get active,” “quit smoking,” and“take medications as directed” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017, “What Can You Do” section). c. Provide a paragraph number (count the paragraphs manually if they are not numbered). Example: People planning for retirement need more than just money—they also “need to stockpile their emotional reserves” to ensure adequate support from family and friends (Chamberlin, 2014, para. 1). d. Provide a heading or section name in combination with a paragraph number. Example: Music and language are intertwined in the brain such that “people who are better at rhythmic memory skills tend to excel at language skills as well”(DeAngelis, 2018, Musical Forays section, para. 4). 4. AUDIOVISUAL WORKS. To directly quote from an audiovisual work (e.g., audiobook, YouTube video, TED Talk, TV show), provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number. Example: People make “sweeping inferences and judgments from body language”(Cuddy, 2012, 2:12). 5. Works With Canonically Numbered Sections. To directly quote from material with canonically numbered sections (e.g., religious or classical works; use the name of the book, chapter, verse, line, and/or canto instead of a page number. LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Example The person vowed to “set me as a seal upon thine heart” (King James Bible, 2018, Song of Solomon 8:6). 6. Quotations From Research Participants Quotations from participants whom you interviewed as part of your research are treated differently than quotations from published works. When quoting research participants, use the same formatting as for other quotations: Present a quotation of fewer than 40 words in quotation marks within the text, and present a quotation of 40 words or more in a block quotation. Because quotations from research participants are part of your original research, do not include them in the reference list or treat them as personal communications; state in the text that the quotations are from participants (Make an attribution – An attribution indicates with whom the information originated, even if the attribution is a pseudonym, and allows readers to understand different participants' contributions. For example, Participant A said “I am attracted with the establishment because of the beautiful design” while Participant B said “It was because of the expensive materials I see around the house”.) WEB CONTENTS IN-TEXT CITATIONS: This is similar to referencing in-text ideas from books or journals except that in the reference list, you need to include the URL. In the in-text, the Author/Date format is still used. The following are other cases for web content; 1. WITHOUT AUTHOR – if a web content has no identifiable author, cite in-text the first few words of the reference entry (usually the title) and the year. Use double quotation marks if you are referring to the title of an article, chapter or web page. Example: (“Tips on Taking Multi-choice Tests”, 2011) 2. GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT/GROUP/ORGANIZATION AS AUTHOR – encountered when the works cited is published by a government department/agency and not specifically a person. This follows the “group as author” rule above. For the first time you will reference it, provide the full name of the organization and the abbreviation in brackets. The next time it will be cited, the abbreviation can be used. Example: First Time Cited: Poverty had escalated in many provinces as COVID-19 pandemic continue to strike the country (The Department of Social Welfare and Development [DSWD], 2020). LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Second Time Cited: Further, DSWD (2020) added that 80% of indigenous families in the country had received their financial subsidies. 3. BLOG POST – cite ideas in-text the same as citing authors of books or journals. If the author use a screen name, use the screen name in place of the author’s name. REFERENCE LIST Again, this type of citation lists the complete details of your sources. Four Elements of a Reference A reference generally has four elements: author, date, title, and source. Each element answers a question: author: Who is responsible for this work? date: When was this work published? title: What is this work called? source: Where can I retrieve this work? Basic rules 1. The reference list is arranged in alphabetical order of the authors’ last names. 2. If there is more than one work by the same author, order them by publication date – oldest to newest (therefore a 2004 publication would appear before a 2008 publication). 3. If there is no author the title moves to that position and the entry is alphabetized by the first significant word, excluding words such as “A” or “The”. If the title is long, it may be shortened when citing in text. 4. Use “&” instead of “and” when listing multiple authors of a source. 5. The first line of the reference list entry is left-hand justified, while all subsequent lines are consistently indented. 6. Capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if there is one, plus any proper names – i. e. only those words that would normally be capitalized. 7. Italicize the title of the book, the title of the journal/serial and the title of the web document. 8. Do not create separate lists for each type of information source. Books, articles, web documents, brochures, etc. are all arranged alphabetically in one list. When creating the reference list entry for an information source you need to identify and record specific details. It might be useful to remember these Ws! ❑ Who – wrote /edited it – author or editor ❑ When was it written – date ❑ What is it – title of book, title of the article & serial/journal, title of the web document ❑ Where was it published (Books) – and publisher’s name Where was the article located (Serial/journal) - volume number, issue number and page numbers of the article ❑ Where you located it (Internet sources) - URL – web address LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited FOR BOOKS 1. Author/s or Editor/s last name (surname) appears first, followed by initials (Bloggs, J.). 2. Year of publication in brackets (2010). 3. Full title of the book. Capitalize only the first word of the title and the subtitle, if any, and proper names. Italicize the title. Use a colon (:) between the title and subtitle. 4. Include the edition number, if applicable, in brackets after the title or subtitle (3rd ed.) or (Rev. ed.). Note: No full stop, after the title, if there is an edition. 5. Publisher’s name. Provide this as briefly as possible. Do not use terms such as Publishers, Co., or Inc. but include the words Books & Press. When the author and the publisher are the same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher Wankey, M. (2018). The Criminology Author. Example of a complete reference list entry: With edition: Put the edition after the title of the book. Whitney, E., & Rolfes, S. (2011). Understanding nutrition (12th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. If the authors are editors, they should be identified as such in the reference list by putting “Ed. for singular /Eds. for plural” at the end of the author line. Example: Whitney, E., & Rolfes, S (Eds.). (2011). Understanding nutrition (12th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 1. One author - Follow the format above 2. Two authors – The usual format above. Use the “&”. Example: Wa-Mbaleka, S., & Gladstone, R.K. (2018). Qualitative Research for Senior High School. Oikos Biblios Publishing House. 3. Three – Twenty authors – list all the names of the authors (3-20) on the reference list 4. More than twenty authors - list the first 19 authors and the last one, using an ellipses (...) to show that some authors have been omitted (do not use an ampersand &). LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Tobler, R., Rohrlach, A., Soubrier, J., Bover, P., Llamas, B., Tuke, J., Bean, N., Abdullah-Highfold, A., Agius, S., O'Donoghue, A., O'Loughlin, I., Sutton, P., Zilio, F., Walshe, K., Williams, A. N., Turney, C. S. M., Williams, M., Richards, S. M., Mitchell, N.,... Cooper, A. (2017). Aboriginal mitogenomes reveal 50,000 years of regionalism in Australia. Nature, 544(7649), 180- 184. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature21416 5. Referencing Internet Resources Where possible, include similar information, in the same order, as you would for other types of information and other sources (who, when, what) and then add the electronic retrieval information required for people to locate the material you cited (where). 1. Author/s of the document or information – individual or organization/corporate author. 2. Date of publication. If no date is available use (n.d.). 3. Title of the document or webpage in italics. 4. Complete & correct web address/URL. Note: APA 7th ed. does not require a retrieval date and the phrase “Retrieved from” before the URL for most online information Example: Hearnden, I. & Magill, C. (2004). Decision-making by house burglars: Offenders perspectives. Home Office, London, UK. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110218140054 6. Internet – Organization / Corporate author – when the article is published by an organization, the organization is the author to be recognized. Example: Ministry of Health. (2014). Ebola: Information for the public. http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/conditions-and- treatments/diseases-and-illnesses/ebolainformation-public 7. Blog post – same as citing book authors. Include the title of the blog message post as well as the URL. You do not italicize the titles for items in online communities such as blogs, newsgroups, or forums. If the author’s name is not available, provide the screen name. Example: Stefanie. (2014, October 8). What a tangled web: Website versus webpage. http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2014/10/what-a-tangled-web- website-versus-webpage.html 8. YouTube Clips/Audio-Visual Clips - To cite a YouTube video in APA Style, you include the person or organization that uploaded it, their channel name (if different from their real name), the upload date, the video title (italicized), “Video” in square brackets, the name of the site, and a link to the video. LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Example: Scribbr. (2020, August 20). Develop a theoretical framework in 3 steps [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/4y1BAqOnhMM In the in-text: (Scribbr, 2020) or Scribbr (2020)... 9. Dictionary (Print) – Author/Year of Publication/Title of Dictionary/Place of Publication Example Weller, B. F. (Ed.). (2009). Bailliere’s nurses dictionary: For nurses and health care workers (25th ed.). Elsevier. 10. Dictionary (online) – Reference list: Name of Dictionary/Publication/URL i.e. Cambridge dictionaries online. (2011). http://dictionary.cambridge.org/ In text citation: Name of Dictionary/Year i.e. (Cambridge dictionaries online, 2011). 11. Specific entry in an online dictionary (no author or editor) Reference list: Word defined/year/Name of Dictionary/URL Acquiescence. (2011). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. http://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/acquiescence In text citation: word defined/year (Acquiescence, 2011). 12. Journal Article 1. Author/s last name (surname) first, followed by initials. 2. Year of publication in brackets. (2012) 3. Title of article. Capitalize only the first word of the title and the subtitle, if any, and proper names. Use a colon (:) between the title and subtitle. 4. Title of the serial/journal in full in italics. 5. Volume number, in italics. Do not use “Vol.” before the number. 6. Issue number. This is bracketed immediately after the volume number but not italicized. 7. Month, season or other designation of publication if there is no volume or issue number. 8. Include all page numbers. 9. Include any Digital Object Identifiers [DOI] and format it the same as URL Journal (Print) LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Structure Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Yea of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume – italicized (Issue or number), Page number(s). Reference Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). National numeracy tests: A graphic tells List thousand words. Australian Journal of Education, 53(2), 141-158. In-text (Lowrie & Diezmann, 2009) Lowrie and Diezmann (2009) have found that... Journal (On-line with DOI) Structure Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume – italicized (Issue or number), Page number(s).Digital Object Identification (DOI) Reference Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). National numeracy tests: A graphic tells a List thousand words. Australian Journal of Education, 53(2), 141-158. doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.07.007 In-text (Lowrie & Diezmann, 2009) Lowrie and Diezmann (2009) have found that... Journal (On-line without DOI) – instead of DOI, use the URL of the Homepage of the journal article Structure Author(s) of journal article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year of publication). Title of journal article. Journal name – italicized, Volume – italicized (Issue or number), Page number(s).URL Reference Lowrie, T., & Diezmann, C. M. (2009). National numeracy tests: A graphic tells a List thousand words. Australian Journal of Education, 53(2), 141-158. http://www.wiley.com/bw/journal.asp?ref=0962-1067 In-text (Lowrie & Diezmann, 2009) Lowrie and Diezmann (2009) have found that... Journal (with no author) Structure Title of article. (Year). Title of journal - italicised, Volume - italicized(Issue or number) Page number(s). doi:xx.xxxxx (or URL) (none for printed journal) Reference Vitamin K for newborns. (2016). Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health, 61(5), 675- List 676. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12550 In-text ("Vitamin K for Newborns", 2016) 13. News Article News article (print) Structure Author(s) of article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year o publication, month day). Title of article. Newspaper title – italicized, p. page number(s) Reference Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p. 8. List In-text (Cook, 2002) Cook (2002) argued that.... News Paper (on-line) Structure Author(s) of article – family name and initials, use & for multiple authors. (Year o publication, month day). Title of article. Newspaper title – italicized, p. page number(s) URL LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Reference Cook, D. (2002, January 28). All in the mind. The Age, p. 8 List http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/nutritionists-warn In-text (Cook, 2002) Cook (2002) argued that.... News Article (No Author) Structure Title of article. (Year of publication, month day). Newspaper title – italicized, p. page number(s). Reference Meeting the needs of counsellors. (2001, May 5). The Courier Mail, p. 22. List In-text (Meeting the needs, 2001) Performance Tasks Performance Task 1 Directions: Write your discussion briefly based on your own understanding. 1. What are the four elements of a referencing? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Submit your RRL by following the proper referencing. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Understanding Directed Assess LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)  Republic of the Philippines Laguna State Polytechnic University Province of Laguna ISO 9001:2015 Certified Level I Institutionally Accredited Rubric for Performance Task 1 for no. 1 RUBRICS FOR ESSAYS Criteria Score Content (There is substance in its content that reflects a good understanding 1 3 5 during discussion of the topic.) Relevance (The discussion is relevant and has focus to the topic.) 1 3 5 Arrangement of Ideas (Organized presentation of ideas.) 1 3 5 Total /15 Adopted from https://www.thegraidenetwork.com/blog-all/2017/5/18/using-rubrics-analytically-vs-holistically Rubric for Performance Task 1 for no. 2 RUBRICS FOR ESSAYS Criteria Score Content (There is substance in its content that reflects a good understanding 1 3 5 during discussion of the topic.) Referencing (Followed the 7th Edition APA Format Style) 1 3 5 Total /10 Learning Resources The main references of this lesson are the following: American Psychological Association. (2019). Author-date citation system. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/author-date CSUDH University Library. (2020). About 7th edition APA format. https://csu- dh.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?vid=01CALS_UDH:01CALS_UDH&tab=DN_an d_CI&docid=alma991071562693302901&searchScope=01CALS&context=L&lang=en IRSC Libraries. (2023). APA 7th edition style guide: authors. https://irsc.libguides.com/APA/Authors James Cook University. (2023). APA (7th edition) referencing guide. https://libguides.jcu.edu.au/apa/formatting Himmefarb Health Sciences Library. (2023). APA citation style, 7th edition: edition other than the first. https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/APA/book-edition-other-than-first Purdue University. (2022). Reference list: author/authors. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/ reference_list_author_authors.html University of South Carolina. (2023). Citation formats: APA 7. https://guides.library.sc.edu/citation/apa Intellectual Property This module is for educational purpose only. Under section Sec. 185 of RA 8293, which states, “The fair use of a copyrighted work for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching including multiple copies for classroom use, scholarship, research, and similar purposes is not an infringement of copyright.” The unauthorized reproduction, use, and dissemination of this module, without joint consent of the authors and LSPU is strictly prohibited and shall be prosecuted to the full extent of the law, including appropriate administrative sanctions, civil, and criminal. LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1 (Research Methods with Applied Statistics)