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Questions and Answers

What should be provided when citing a long heading or section name for clarity?

  • A full paragraph summary
  • An abbreviated heading in quotation marks (correct)
  • An irrelevant section name
  • Only the author's name

    • Which citation format is recommended for quoting advice about kidney failure prevention?

  • Listing items without section references
  • Citing the section name with quoted items (correct)
  • Using only the publication year
  • Citing just the article title

    • What is an acceptable way to use paragraph numbers in a citation?

  • Only use numbers after the paragraph is cited
  • Ignore paragraph numbers altogether
  • Manually count the paragraphs for citation (correct)
  • Cite paragraph numbers without context

    • When combining a section name with a paragraph number in citations, what is one example given?

    <p>Including both the section and paragraph number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason for moving joints through a full range of motion according to the provided example?

    <p>To maintain flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided regarding retirement, what emotional support is suggested to be necessary?

    <p>Stockpiling emotional reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it vital to use proper citation formats when quoting sources?

    <p>To ensure accurate understanding and attribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the example of quoting rhythmic memory skills illustrate?

    <p>The correlation between memory skills and language abilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of elements in a reference for a newspaper article?

    <p>Title of article, year of publication, newspaper title, page number(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which citation format is used for in-text citations when referencing an article without an author?

    <p>(Title of article, Year of publication)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reference, which part follows the title of the article?

    <p>Year of publication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary component of a reference for a newspaper article?

    <p>The page number(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a correct way to cite a source with an author in-text?

    <p>Author's last name (Year of publication)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the reference is italicized?

    <p>Newspaper title</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is mentioned as a skill that is disappearing from high schools but is important for college readiness?

    <p>Language vocabulary acquisition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should immediately follow the page number in a reference?

    <p>URL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When referencing a newspaper article, what comes first in the list structure?

    <p>Title of article</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the method used in the study by Krashen to relate to vocabulary acquisition?

    <p>Students watching a video clip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for in-text citations according to the guidelines?

    <p>Including the author's last name and publication year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a way to format in-text citations?

    <p>Quotation citation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is necessary when directly quoting a source in a research paper?

    <p>Including a page number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured about in-text citations and reference lists?

    <p>Every in-text citation must appear in the reference list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about personal communications in citations?

    <p>They should not be included in the reference list</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of Krashen's claim regarding vocabulary acquisition?

    <p>It assumes reading is always effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What punctuation is used to separate multiple authors in a journal reference?

    <p>&amp;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reference list for an article without an author, what should be included in place of the author name?

    <p>Title of the article</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which format is correct for referencing an online journal article with a DOI?

    <p>Author(s).(Year).Title.Journal name, Volume(Issue), Page numbers.doi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should replace the 'doi' in a journal reference if the article is accessed online without a DOI?

    <p>Homepage URL of the journal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When citing a news article in-text, which of the following formats is correct?

    <p>(Author, Year, Month Day)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the title of a journal be formatted in a reference list?

    <p>Italicized only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an article reference for a print newspaper, which element is included after the newspaper title?

    <p>Page number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of indicating similarities between sources in a literature review?

    <p>To highlight your reading skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the process of contrast in literature reviews?

    <p>Highlighting differences in perspectives among sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is critical analysis particularly important for university students and professors?

    <p>It helps identify flaws in existing arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of contrasting research, what does Wankey (2023) emphasize regarding research design?

    <p>Use of both qualitative and quantitative concepts is beneficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome of poor critical analysis in literature reviews?

    <p>An inability to refute weak arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by presenting the RRL in qualitative research according to multiple authors?

    <p>It is crucial for a comprehensive understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'common denominator' refer to in the context of contrasting sources?

    <p>The shared focus on a specific aspect of research design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of good reading skills in literature reviews?

    <p>Finding both similarities and differences among sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do when citing works that share the same authors except for one?

    <p>Include the last author's complete name and use 'et al.' for others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct abbreviation for the World Health Organization in citations?

    <p>WHO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the citation method for group authors?

    <p>Only the first citation must include the abbreviation in square brackets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'et al.' mean in citations?

    <p>And others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When citing a secondary source, what should you primarily do?

    <p>Acknowledge the original source, even if using the secondary one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which citation format is correct for the first citation of the Ministry of Health?

    <p>Ministry of Health (MOH, 2007)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should subsequent citations of a group author be formatted after the first citation?

    <p>Use only the abbreviation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When multiple authors are present in a citation, what should be done if the final author's name differs between two works?

    <p>Spell out all names in both citations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course: Criminological Research 1
    • Semester/Academic Year: First Semester/2023-2024
    • Module Number: 2
    • Lesson Title: APA Style Referencing

    Learning Outcomes

    • Students will discuss the rules/guidelines in referencing different sources (in-text and reference list).
    • Students will properly cite resources using the APA style (7th Edition).
    • Students will apply the rules of guidelines in referencing source that includes in-text and reference list.
    • Students will apply the proper citation of references.

    Student Learning Strategies

    • Synchronous Online Learning (Zoom): Three-hour class discussion, access to online discussion link beforehand, online/onsite assessment tasks, performance tasks assessed using provided rubrics, and reference to Facebook group for instructions.
    • Asynchronous Online Learning (Google Classroom): Recorded video lectures, PowerPoint presentations, self-paced learning modules and other course materials uploaded to Google Classroom, and assessment tasks given during online/onsite discussions.

    APA Style Referencing

    • Referencing is important in academic writing, both morally (acknowledging other's work) and legally (avoiding plagiarism).
    • Referencing appears in the body of research text and the bibliography.
    • In-text Citation: Used in the body of the research paper when using other's work to support or argue ideas.
    • Reference List: Alphabetical list (on a separate page) of all cited sources.

    In-Text Citations Techniques

    • Direct Quote: Use quotation marks. No more than three direct quotes per page; each quote should ideally be no longer than twenty words.
    • Paraphrasing: Summarizing ideas in your own words, preferred in research writing.
    • Comparison: Showing similarities between different sources.
    • Contrast: Highlighting differences between different sources.
    • Critical Analysis: Providing your critical assessment of the source's claims, usually expected from teachers, university students, and professors.
    • Author and Year: Include the authors' last name and the year of publication when citing sources. If there is more than one author, use the "et al." abbreviation for subsequent citations when the information is repeated in the text.
    • Page Numbers: Include page numbers when directly quoting a source.
    • In-text citations: Provide the surname of the author(s) or the name(s) of the group author(s) and year.
    • One Author Examples: Water is a necessary part of everyone's diet (Whitney, 2011).
    • Two Author Examples: Whitney and Rolfes (2011) emphasize that water is vital to body function.
    • Multiple Authors/Anonymous/Groups: Adapt approach based on if the content has an author/editor, one author, or more than one author etc.
    • Secondary Sources: Cite the original source "as cited in" another source in the text, and list the secondary source in the reference list.

    Citing Internet Sources

    • General Format: Author (Last Name, Initial(s)), date, title of article (in italics), website/URL
    • Blog Posts: Apply the same style used for citing books or journals about the author and date format
    • YouTube/Video Clips: Use the name of the uploader, channel name, the date of the video upload, include the video title (italicized/in quotation marks, with the word "Video"), the website, and the video link.
    • No Author/Date: If there is no author or a date given, italicize the title and then put the date in brackets,
    • Corporate Author/Government Agency: The organization is listed as the author, using their name in full for first citation, using an abbreviation (in brackets) in subsequent citations.

    Sources With No Year of Publication

    • Use "n.d." (no date) in place of publication year.

    Quotations from Research Participants

    • Direct quotations treated differently than quotes from published works
    • Use the same formatting as other quotations (short quote, block quote).
    • Cite the participant as the source (ex: Participant A says X, Participant B says Y).

    Web Content in-Text Citations

    • The author-date format is still used
    • Include the URL.

    Four Elements of a Reference

    • Author
    • Date
    • Title
    • Source

    Reference List Rules

    • Alphabetical order by author's last name.
    • Multiple works by the same author ordered by date (oldest first).
    • If no author, alphabetize by the first significant word, excluding articles "a," "an," and "the".
    • Use "&" instead of "and" when listing multiple authors.
    • First line left-justified, subsequent lines indented.
    • Capitalize only the first word of title or subtitle, and any proper names.
    • Italicize the title of the book, journal, or web document.

    Additional Information

    • The notes include examples of various citation formats and are also applicable to online content and resources.

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