CPR First Year Fundamentals of Nursing PDF

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR First year Fundamentals of Nursing BY DR/ Eman Talaat Mohammed Elshamaa Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing Objectives:
At the end of this lecture the student should be able to :
Define CPR.
Mention pu...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CPR First year Fundamentals of Nursing BY DR/ Eman Talaat Mohammed Elshamaa Professor of Medical Surgical Nursing Objectives:
At the end of this lecture the student should be able to :
Define CPR.
Mention purposes of CPR.
List the clinical manifestations of arrest.
Mention the 3 basic rescue skills.
Perform CPR for arrested person.
Mention the complications of CPR. Outlines:
Introduction.
Definition of CPR.
Purpose of CPR.
Clinical manifestation of arrest.
Base rescue skill “ABC”.
Steps of CPR.
Complications of CPR. Introduction
If cessation of breathing and/or stopping circulation occurs, irreversible and permanent brain damage or death can occur within 4 to 6 minutes unless effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is immediately applied. Therefore, you must continue these procedures until the person's heart beat and breathing return, or trained medical help arrives. 
The newest techniques of CPR emphasize compression over rescue breathing and airway. When someone starts CPR before emergency support arrives, the patient has a much greater chance of surviving because brain damage is certain after 10 minutes without CPR. Definition of cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden stopping of the pumping action of the heart. Definition of CPR
CPR is a life saving procedure that is performed to maintain oxygenation and circulation till expert’s help arrives".
"It is a combination of rescue breathing, which provides oxygen to a person's lungs and chest compressions, which keep the person's blood circulating". Causes of cardiac arrest
Electric shock
Drug overdose
Excessive bleeding
Heart disease
Infection in the bloodstream
Injuries and accidents
Near-drowning
Stroke
Choking Symptoms of cardiac arrest:
No breathing or difficult breathing (gasping)
Absence of carotid pulse
Unconsciousness
Cyanosis or pallor Purposes of CPR :
To establish effective circulation and respiration.
To prevent irreversible cerebral anoxia and damage.
To establish carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange and adequate circulation so that oxygenated blood can be delivered. Facts:
Effective CPR provides 1/4 to 1/3 normal blood flow
Rescue breaths contain 16% oxygen (21%) First Aid for cardiac arrest Cardiopulmonary resuscitation includes 3 basic
rescue skills, the C-A-B: Before beginning CPR
Evaluate the scene to make sure there is no risk to you.
Check for responsiveness:
Shake or tap the person gently.
Shout, "Are you OK?"
Shout for help and send someone to call 123.
If an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available, deliver one shock, then begin CPR. C. Circulation: Restore blood circulation with chest compressions
Check for carotid pulse lateral to Adam’s apple within 5 to 10 seconds.
Carefully place the person on his back on a firm surface.
Chest compressions:
Place the heel of one hand on the sternum (between the nipples).
Place the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand. Use upper body weight (not just arms) during pushing straight down. 
on the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters).
Each time, let the chest rise completely.
Push fast and hard at a rate of about 100 compressions a minute.
Give 30 chest compressions while counting quickly 1,2,3,4.5........30. A. Airway: Clear the airway ◦ Open the airway using head tilt, chin lift maneuver ◦ If fracture cervical spine is suspected, use jaw thrust. ◦ Check for normal breathing:  Taking no more than 5 to 10 seconds.  Look for chest motion, listen for normal breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on cheek and ear. B. Breathing: Breathe for the person
If the person is not breathing or has gasping breathing, start mouth to mouth breath:
Cover the victim’s mouth tightly with your mouth.
Pinch the nose closed.
Keep the chin lifted and head tilted.
Give 2 rescue breaths. Each breath should take about a second and make the chest rise. 
If no visible chest rise:
Check the victim's mouth and remove any visible obstruction.
Recheck that there is adequate head tilt and chin lift. Breathing using Mouth to Mask: Barrier mask should be used when available
to protect the rescuer from becoming exposed to the victim’s bodily fluids. It contains a one way valve designed to limit exposure to the rescuer to exhaled air, bodily fluids, and disease process. 
Continue CPR:
(30 chest compressions followed by 2 breaths is considered one cycle).
Repeat until the person recovers or help arrives.
Recheck pulse after 5 cycles (2 minutes): ◦ If the person starts breathing again, place them in the recovery position.
Periodically recheck for breathing until help arrives. ◦ If person doesn’t respond and an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it. Administer one shock, and then resume CPR, starting with chest compressions for two more minutes before administering a second shock. Principles of performing chest compressions:: compressions
Push hard and fast (to helps keep circulation moving).
2) Limit interruptions to 10 seconds unless necessary for specific reasons.
3) Allow for full chest recoil following each compression.
4) Aim for the rate of at least 100 compressions per minute. Reasons to stop or pause CPR include:
The person starts breathing normally and shows signs of life.
When qualified help arrives and takes over.
To use an AED, or
Rescuer becomes exhausted and can no longer continue. Prevention of cardiac arrest:
To avoid injuries and heart problems that can lead to cardiac arrest:
Eliminate or reduce risk factors that contribute to heart disease, such as cigarette smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, and stress.
Get plenty of exercise.
See your doctor regularly.
Always use seat belts and drive safely.
Avoid using illegal drugs. Complications of CPR:
Gastric distention (Creates pressure against the lungs).
Fracture rib.
Hemothorax.
Penumothorax.
Laceration of abdominal organ (lung, spleen, liver).
Vomiting and aspiration THANK YOU