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Questions and Answers
What should be done if the person starts breathing again after CPR?
What should be done if the person starts breathing again after CPR?
What is the minimum rate of chest compressions per minute during CPR?
What is the minimum rate of chest compressions per minute during CPR?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to stop or pause CPR?
Which of the following is NOT a reason to stop or pause CPR?
Which complication is related to the improper administration of CPR?
Which complication is related to the improper administration of CPR?
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What action should be taken if an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available and the person does not respond?
What action should be taken if an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available and the person does not respond?
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What is the primary purpose of performing CPR?
What is the primary purpose of performing CPR?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiac arrest?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiac arrest?
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What are the '3 basic rescue skills' emphasized in CPR?
What are the '3 basic rescue skills' emphasized in CPR?
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What is the risk of not applying CPR within 4 to 6 minutes of cardiac arrest?
What is the risk of not applying CPR within 4 to 6 minutes of cardiac arrest?
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What is the correct chest compression depth during CPR?
What is the correct chest compression depth during CPR?
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What emphasizes the newer techniques of CPR?
What emphasizes the newer techniques of CPR?
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What should be the rate of chest compressions during CPR?
What should be the rate of chest compressions during CPR?
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Which of the following is a potential cause of cardiac arrest?
Which of the following is a potential cause of cardiac arrest?
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Why is it crucial to continue CPR until help arrives or the person recovers?
Why is it crucial to continue CPR until help arrives or the person recovers?
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Which maneuver is appropriate to open the airway if a spinal injury is suspected?
Which maneuver is appropriate to open the airway if a spinal injury is suspected?
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How many cycles of CPR should be performed before reassessing the victim?
How many cycles of CPR should be performed before reassessing the victim?
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Which of the following describes cardiac arrest?
Which of the following describes cardiac arrest?
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What is the oxygen concentration in rescue breaths?
What is the oxygen concentration in rescue breaths?
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When assessing responsiveness, what should be done first?
When assessing responsiveness, what should be done first?
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What device should be used to protect the rescuer during rescue breaths?
What device should be used to protect the rescuer during rescue breaths?
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of skills in CPR?
Which of the following is the correct sequence of skills in CPR?
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Study Notes
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- CPR is a life-saving procedure to maintain oxygenation and circulation until expert help arrives.
- It's a combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions.
- Brain damage can occur within 4-6 minutes without CPR.
- Modern techniques prioritize chest compressions over rescue breathing.
Objectives
- Students should be able to define CPR.
- Students should be able to list the purposes of CPR.
- Students should be able to list clinical manifestations of arrest.
- Students should be able to describe the three basic rescue skills.
- Students should be able to perform CPR on an arrested person.
- Students should be able to describe the complications of CPR.
Outlines
- Introduction to CPR.
- Definition of CPR.
- Purposes of CPR.
- Clinical manifestations of cardiac arrest.
- Basic rescue skills (ABC).
- Steps of CPR.
- Complications of CPR.
Introduction to CPR
- Cessation of breathing and/or circulation can lead to irreversible brain damage or death within 4-6 minutes.
- Effective CPR, immediately applied, is crucial to maintaining the person's heart beat and breathing.
- The rescuer must continue CPR procedures until the person's heart beat and breathing return or trained medical help arrives.
Definition of Cardiac Arrest
- Cardiac arrest is the sudden stopping of the heart's pumping action.
Definition of CPR (Continued)
- CPR aims to maintain oxygenation and circulation until expert help arrives.
- It involves a combination of rescue breathing to provide oxygen to the lungs and chest compressions to maintain blood circulation.
Causes of Cardiac Arrest
- Electric shock
- Drug overdose
- Excessive bleeding
- Heart disease
- Infection in the bloodstream
- Injuries and accidents
- Near-drowning
- Stroke
- Choking
Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest
- No breathing or difficult breathing (gasping)
- Absence of a carotid pulse.
- Unconsciousness
- Cyanosis or pallor
Purposes of CPR
- Establish effective circulation and respiration.
- Prevent irreversible cerebral anoxia (lack of oxygen in the brain) and damage
- Establish carbon exchange and adequate circulation to deliver oxygenated blood
Facts About CPR
- Effective CPR can restore 1/4 to 1/3 of normal blood flow.
- Rescue breaths contain 16% oxygen (21% in normal air).
First Aid for Cardiac Arrest
- CPR has three basic skills: compressions, airway, and breathing.
- CPR involves chest compressions, airway opening, and rescue breaths
Before Beginning CPR
- Assess the scene for safety.
- Check for responsiveness (shake or tap gently, shout "Are you OK?").
- Call for help (emergency services, 911 or the relevant number).
- If an AED (automated external defibrillator) is available, use it.
Circulation (CPR)
- Check for a carotid pulse.
- Position the person on their back on a firm surface.
- Chest compressions: Place the heel of one hand on the sternum (between the nipples), place the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand.
Chest Compression (Continued)
- Push hard and fast; on the chest, at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters).
- Let the chest rise completely with each compression.
- 100 compressions per minute.
Airway (CPR)
- Open the airway using the head tilt/chin lift method.
- Use the jaw thrust if a cervical spine fracture is suspected.
- Check for breathing (Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, feel for breath).
Breathing (CPR)
- Administer two rescue breaths if the patient isn't breathing.
- Cover the victim's mouth tightly, pinch the nose, lift the chin.
- Blow into the mouth for 1 second until the chest rises.
If No Chest Rise
- Check the victim's mouth for obstructions.
- Re-check the head tilt and chin lift.
Breathing using Mouth to Mask
- Use a barrier mask when available to prevent exposure to bodily fluids.
- The mask has a one-way valve to limit exposure to exhaled air and bodily fluids.
Continuing CPR
- Perform 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths (one cycle).
- Continue cycles until the person recovers or help arrives.
- Periodically recheck for breathing and pulse.
Re-checking Pulse and CPR
- Check pulse after every five cycles (about two minutes).
- If breathing resumes, place the person in the recovery position.
- Recheck regularly for breathing until help arrives.
AED Use during CPR
- If an AED is available, use it.
- Deliver one shock then resume CPR.
- Continue CPR compressions for two more minutes before administering the second shock
Principles of Performing Chest Compressions
- Push hard and fast to keep blood moving.
- Limit interruptions to 10 seconds unless necessary
- Allow for complete chest recoil after each compression.
- Aim for at least 100 compressions per minute.
Reasons to Stop or Pause CPR
- The person starts breathing normally.
- Qualified help takes over.
- The rescuer is exhausted.
- An AED is used
Preventing Cardiac Arrest
- Avoid injuries and heart problems (risk factors include: cigarette smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, stress).
- Get regular exercise.
- See your doctor regularly.
- Use seat belts, drive safely.
- Avoid illegal drugs.
Complications of CPR
- Gastric distention (pressure on lungs)
- Fractured ribs
- Hemorrhage (hemorrhagio) in the chest
- Pneumothorax (air in the chest)
- Laceration of abdominal organs (lung, spleen, or liver)
- Vomiting and aspiration
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), including its definition, purposes, and basic rescue skills. Students will learn how to recognize signs of cardiac arrest and the importance of timely CPR in preventing brain damage. Additionally, the quiz will address potential complications associated with CPR practices.
