Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Overview
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Questions and Answers

What should be done if the person starts breathing again after CPR?

  • Place them in the recovery position (correct)
  • Monitor their breathing by performing chest compressions
  • Continue CPR until help arrives
  • Apply an AED immediately

    • What is the minimum rate of chest compressions per minute during CPR?

  • 120 compressions
  • 80 compressions
  • 60 compressions
  • 100 compressions (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a reason to stop or pause CPR?

  • You need to catch your breath (correct)
  • Qualified help arrives
  • The person starts breathing normally
  • To use an AED

    • Which complication is related to the improper administration of CPR?

    <p>Fractured rib (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if an automatic external defibrillator (AED) is available and the person does not respond?

    <p>Apply the AED and administer one shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing CPR?

    <p>To maintain oxygenation and circulation until expert help arrives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Profuse sweating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the '3 basic rescue skills' emphasized in CPR?

    <p>Airway management, rescue breathing, and chest compressions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of not applying CPR within 4 to 6 minutes of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Irreversible and permanent brain damage or death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct chest compression depth during CPR?

    <p>At least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emphasizes the newer techniques of CPR?

    <p>Compression over rescue breathing and airway management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the rate of chest compressions during CPR?

    <p>Around 100 compressions per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Electric shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to continue CPR until help arrives or the person recovers?

    <p>To prevent brain damage and promote the chances of recovery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which maneuver is appropriate to open the airway if a spinal injury is suspected?

    <p>Jaw thrust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cycles of CPR should be performed before reassessing the victim?

    <p>Continue until help arrives or the person recovers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes cardiac arrest?

    <p>A sudden stopping of the pumping action of the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the oxygen concentration in rescue breaths?

    <p>16% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing responsiveness, what should be done first?

    <p>Shake or tap the person gently (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device should be used to protect the rescuer during rescue breaths?

    <p>Barrier mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct sequence of skills in CPR?

    <p>C-B-A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    CPR Definition

    A life-saving procedure to maintain oxygen and blood flow until help arrives. Combines rescue breathing and chest compressions.

    Cardiac Arrest

    Sudden heart stop, preventing blood flow to body.

    CPR Purpose

    To sustain life by restoring circulation and breathing until professional help arrives.

    Cardiac Arrest Symptoms

    No breathing, no pulse, unconsciousness, pale or blue skin.

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    CPR Time Sensitivity

    Brain damage occurs quickly when a heart stops; prompt CPR is essential for survival.

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    CPR Basic Skills

    Compressions (chest pumps), rescue breathing, and ensuring an open airway

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    CPR Importance

    Critical for preventing irreversible brain damage and death when heart or breathing stops

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    Causes of Cardiac Arrest

    Various factors can trigger a sudden cardiac arrest, including electric shocks, overdoses, bleeding, heart disease, infections, injuries, near-drowning, stroke or choking.

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    CPR after no breathing

    After checking for breathing and no response initially, if an AED is accessible, use it. Administer a shock and then continue CPR, with compressions for two more minutes, before another shock.

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    Chest Compressions Rate

    Chest compressions for CPR should be at least 100 per minute, pushing hard and fast.

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    CPR Interruptions

    Limit interruptions during CPR to 10 seconds unless absolutely necessary, maintaining good circulation.

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    Cardiac Arrest Prevention

    Preventing heart problems through lifestyle choices like avoiding smoking, managing cholesterol, and exercising.

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    CPR Cycle

    Continuously monitor breathing, assisting with recovery if person does start breathing again; periodically recheck for breathing until help arrives. If no response and AED is present, follow the AED protocol.

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    Chest Compressions

    Applying pressure to the chest to help circulate blood in a person who has stopped breathing.

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    Rescue Breaths

    Providing breaths for someone who is unable to breathe on their own during CPR.

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    Airway Opening

    Using techniques like head tilt/chin lift to create a clear path for air to enter and exit the lungs.

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    CPR Sequence

    A series of steps to perform CPR, typically starting with verifying no risk, checking for response, calling for help, using AED if available, and then performing chest compressions and rescue breathing.

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    Assess Responsiveness

    Check if a person is conscious and alert before attempting any further steps during an emergency.

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    Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)

    A device that analyzes the person's heart rhythm and delivers an electric shock if needed.

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    Check for Pulse

    Check for a pulse to evaluate the severity of the cardiac arrest situation.

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    Study Notes

    Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

    • CPR is a life-saving procedure to maintain oxygenation and circulation until expert help arrives.
    • It's a combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions.
    • Brain damage can occur within 4-6 minutes without CPR.
    • Modern techniques prioritize chest compressions over rescue breathing.

    Objectives

    • Students should be able to define CPR.
    • Students should be able to list the purposes of CPR.
    • Students should be able to list clinical manifestations of arrest.
    • Students should be able to describe the three basic rescue skills.
    • Students should be able to perform CPR on an arrested person.
    • Students should be able to describe the complications of CPR.

    Outlines

    • Introduction to CPR.
    • Definition of CPR.
    • Purposes of CPR.
    • Clinical manifestations of cardiac arrest.
    • Basic rescue skills (ABC).
    • Steps of CPR.
    • Complications of CPR.

    Introduction to CPR

    • Cessation of breathing and/or circulation can lead to irreversible brain damage or death within 4-6 minutes.
    • Effective CPR, immediately applied, is crucial to maintaining the person's heart beat and breathing.
    • The rescuer must continue CPR procedures until the person's heart beat and breathing return or trained medical help arrives.

    Definition of Cardiac Arrest

    • Cardiac arrest is the sudden stopping of the heart's pumping action.

    Definition of CPR (Continued)

    • CPR aims to maintain oxygenation and circulation until expert help arrives.
    • It involves a combination of rescue breathing to provide oxygen to the lungs and chest compressions to maintain blood circulation.

    Causes of Cardiac Arrest

    • Electric shock
    • Drug overdose
    • Excessive bleeding
    • Heart disease
    • Infection in the bloodstream
    • Injuries and accidents
    • Near-drowning
    • Stroke
    • Choking

    Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest

    • No breathing or difficult breathing (gasping)
    • Absence of a carotid pulse.
    • Unconsciousness
    • Cyanosis or pallor

    Purposes of CPR

    • Establish effective circulation and respiration.
    • Prevent irreversible cerebral anoxia (lack of oxygen in the brain) and damage
    • Establish carbon exchange and adequate circulation to deliver oxygenated blood

    Facts About CPR

    • Effective CPR can restore 1/4 to 1/3 of normal blood flow.
    • Rescue breaths contain 16% oxygen (21% in normal air).

    First Aid for Cardiac Arrest

    • CPR has three basic skills: compressions, airway, and breathing.
    • CPR involves chest compressions, airway opening, and rescue breaths

    Before Beginning CPR

    • Assess the scene for safety.
    • Check for responsiveness (shake or tap gently, shout "Are you OK?").
    • Call for help (emergency services, 911 or the relevant number).
    • If an AED (automated external defibrillator) is available, use it.

    Circulation (CPR)

    • Check for a carotid pulse.
    • Position the person on their back on a firm surface.
    • Chest compressions: Place the heel of one hand on the sternum (between the nipples), place the heel of the other hand on top of the first hand.

    Chest Compression (Continued)

    • Push hard and fast; on the chest, at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters).
    • Let the chest rise completely with each compression.
    • 100 compressions per minute.

    Airway (CPR)

    • Open the airway using the head tilt/chin lift method.
    • Use the jaw thrust if a cervical spine fracture is suspected.
    • Check for breathing (Look for chest motion, listen for breath sounds, feel for breath).

    Breathing (CPR)

    • Administer two rescue breaths if the patient isn't breathing.
    • Cover the victim's mouth tightly, pinch the nose, lift the chin.
    • Blow into the mouth for 1 second until the chest rises.

    If No Chest Rise

    • Check the victim's mouth for obstructions.
    • Re-check the head tilt and chin lift.

    Breathing using Mouth to Mask

    • Use a barrier mask when available to prevent exposure to bodily fluids.
    • The mask has a one-way valve to limit exposure to exhaled air and bodily fluids.

    Continuing CPR

    • Perform 30 compressions followed by 2 breaths (one cycle).
    • Continue cycles until the person recovers or help arrives.
    • Periodically recheck for breathing and pulse.

    Re-checking Pulse and CPR

    • Check pulse after every five cycles (about two minutes).
    • If breathing resumes, place the person in the recovery position.
    • Recheck regularly for breathing until help arrives.

    AED Use during CPR

    • If an AED is available, use it.
    • Deliver one shock then resume CPR.
    • Continue CPR compressions for two more minutes before administering the second shock

    Principles of Performing Chest Compressions

    • Push hard and fast to keep blood moving.
    • Limit interruptions to 10 seconds unless necessary
    • Allow for complete chest recoil after each compression.
    • Aim for at least 100 compressions per minute.

    Reasons to Stop or Pause CPR

    • The person starts breathing normally.
    • Qualified help takes over.
    • The rescuer is exhausted.
    • An AED is used

    Preventing Cardiac Arrest

    • Avoid injuries and heart problems (risk factors include: cigarette smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, stress).
    • Get regular exercise.
    • See your doctor regularly.
    • Use seat belts, drive safely.
    • Avoid illegal drugs.

    Complications of CPR

    • Gastric distention (pressure on lungs)
    • Fractured ribs
    • Hemorrhage (hemorrhagio) in the chest
    • Pneumothorax (air in the chest)
    • Laceration of abdominal organs (lung, spleen, or liver)
    • Vomiting and aspiration

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), including its definition, purposes, and basic rescue skills. Students will learn how to recognize signs of cardiac arrest and the importance of timely CPR in preventing brain damage. Additionally, the quiz will address potential complications associated with CPR practices.

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