Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation PDF 2022-2023

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Definition:  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR): support and maintain breathing and circulation for an adult, infant and child, whose heart has stopped (cardiac arrest).  Every year thousands of men and women collapse and die from heart attacks. Death could often be p...

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Definition:  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR): support and maintain breathing and circulation for an adult, infant and child, whose heart has stopped (cardiac arrest).  Every year thousands of men and women collapse and die from heart attacks. Death could often be prevented if cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started immediately.  CPR can prevent damage to vital organs such as the brain and heart.  Learning to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an interactive process that requires both knowledge and skills. Objectives:  How to assess a collapsed victim.  How to perform chest compression and rescue breathing.  How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position. Chain of survival : - Early recognition and call for help to prevent cardiac arrest - Early CPR Post- resuscitation care to restore quality of life (Recovery position) To assess a collapsed victim, it is imperative to follow a sequence of steps:  Approach  Approach with care, making sure that there is no danger to yourself, the victim, or any bystanders. Be aware of hazards from electricity, gas and traffic.  Check  safely response: Carefully shake victim's shoulders and ask loudly " Are you, all right?". If he does not respond shout for help.  Shout for help:  If someone else is nearby ask him to wait, as you may need his assistance.  If you are alone, shout loudly to try and attract attention but at this time do not leave the victim.  Open airway:  In an un conscious victim the tongue may fall back to block the airway. The airway can be opened by tilting the head back and lifting the chin which draws the tongue forward away from the back of the throat.  It is achieved by  While the victim lies on his back  Place one hand on his forehead and gently tilt his head back.  Lift the chin using two fingertips of your other hand under the point of the chin.  Check breathing:  Keeping the airway open, check whether the victim is breathing normally:  Look for chest movement  Listen at the mouth for breath sounds  Feel for breath on your cheek Call 123 The caller should clearly state his name, the location of the incident, and that the victim is in cardiac arrest. Start CPR immediately  The two main elements of cardiopulmonary resuscitation are: 1-Chest compression (30 compressions).  2-Rescue breathing (2 rescue breaths).  1- Chest compression:   Deliver chest compressions  By placing the victim on his back on a firm surface  Depress the chest rhythmically towards the backbone  The rate of compressions should be at least 100 but not more than 120 per minute  Placement of the hands: Place the heel of your hand in the center of the chest. Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first and interlock your fingers. With your elbows straight, bring your shoulders up until they are directly over victim's chest. Depress the chest 5-6 cm Then release the pressure completely, but without losing contact with the victim's chest. Give 30 chest compressions and count loudly. 2- Rescue breathing:  After 30 compressions give 2 rescue breaths. By keeping airway clear (head tilt and chin lift) and use the fingers of the hand performing the head tilt to pinch his nose closed. With your other hand keep the chin lifted and allows his mouth to open. Take normal breath, place your lips around the victim's mouth, making a firm seal. Breath out into the victim and look down the line of the victim's chest to see if the chest is rising during each rescue breath.  Combine 30 chest compressions with 2 rescue breaths.  Only stop when: Professional help takes over. You are physically exhausted. The victim starts breathing normally. Recovery position  The recovery position will maintain a free airway in any unconscious victim who is breathing normally. It prevents the tongue from blocking the air way and it allows fluids from the mouth to drain. Remove the victim's spectacles. Kneel beside the victim and make sure that both his legs are straight. Place the arm nearest to you out at right angles to his body, elbow bent with the hand palm uppermost. Bring his far arm across the chest and hold the back of his hand against the victim's cheek nearest to you. With your other hand, grasp his far leg just above the knee and pull it up, keeping the foot on the ground. Holding his hand pressed against his cheek, pull on the far leg to roll the victim towards you onto his side. Adjust the upper leg so that both the hip and the knee are bent at right angles CPR IN CHILDREN:  Adult CPR techniques can be used on children  Compressions 1/3 of the depth of the chest  With ratio 30(compressions): 2( Rescue breaths)  CPR in infant ˂ 1 year  Procedure will be done same as CPR in children but the rescuer will use his 2 fingers instead of his whole hand.