Counter Reformation PDF

Cycle 2 Meeting 1 Counter Reformation Agree or Disagree Is Religion a way of life?  Processing Questions: 1. What is the dominant religion in our country? 2. From our previous discussions and Grade 7 AP, how did Catholicism grow that much?...

Cycle 2 Meeting 1 Counter Reformation Agree or Disagree Is Religion a way of life?  Processing Questions: 1. What is the dominant religion in our country? 2. From our previous discussions and Grade 7 AP, how did Catholicism grow that much? 3  EFFECTS of the (Protestant) Reformation 1. Education – opening of public or secondary schools, Greek and Latin used for instruction. 2. Traditional view of marriage- abolished monasticism and celibacy of their clergy. 3. Husband – as the ruler, Wife – obedient servant and bearer of children 4  How do you think will the Church respond to the societal changes in Europe? 6 Counter Reformation The Catholic was deeply worried with the prevailing Protestant influence in Europe. To keep the loyalty of the Catholics and to win back its former followers the Church introduced the “Counter Reformation”. 8  COUNCIL OF TRENT ▫ Established to outline, clarify and reinforce the teachings and beliefs of the Catholic Church. 1. They affirmed, in other words, their Doctrine of Merit, which allows human beings to redeem themselves through Good Works, and through the sacraments. 2. They affirmed the existence of Purgatory and the usefulness of prayer and indulgences in shortening a person's stay in purgatory. 9  COUNCIL OF TRENT 3. They reaffirmed the belief in transubstantiation and the importance of all seven sacraments 4. They reaffirmed the authority of both scripture the teachings and traditions of the Church 10 Early calls for reform grew out of criticism of the worldly attitudes and policies of the Renaissance popes and many of the clergy. Carmelite Order, St. Teresa of Ávila. New religious orders and other groups were founded to effect a religious renewal. Jesuit, St. Ignatius de Loyola Even though many people were mad at the church, they had one person rooting for them: ST. IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA  JESUITS ▫ Ignatius de Loyola founded ”the Society of Jesus” (Jesuits) ▫ He strongly believed in the good of the Catholic Church. And trained and disciplined his followers. ▫ They spread the word through doing good things in towns and cities, as well as teaching people about the Church. ▫ The Jesuits emphasized humanistic education, and became advisers to members of the nobility across Europe. ▫ Globalized the faith through reaching Asia. 13 14 15 16  Mary I ▫ Daughter of Catherine of Aragon. They are both a devout Catholic ▫ After the divorce of King Henry and Catherine, she was neglected. ▫ She was asked to sign a document to denounce her claim to the throne. ▫ Took the throne after her 9 year old brother died of illness. ▫ She was determined to restore the Catholic faith in England 17  What Inspired Queen ‘Bloody’ Mary’s Gruesome Nickname? ▫ During her five-year reign, Mary had over 300 religious dissenters burned at the stake in what are known as the Marian persecutions. ▫ While hundreds died under Mary’s reign, her dark legacy may have as much to do with the fact that she was a Catholic monarch succeeded by a Protestant Queen in a country that remained Protestant. 18 Being burned at the stake was typical punishment for heresy. 19 Mary I (Bloody Mary) Under Mary’s reign, all citizens who refused to convert to Catholicism were burnt at the stake, a method of execution that was preferred by the Catholic Spanish Inquisition at that time. In total, 227 men and 56 women were burnt during Mary's reign, including bishops. 21  THE SPANISH INQUISITION ▫ The Spanish Inquisition was a judicial institution (a system of courts) established to judge anyone suspected of heresy (suspects were often informed upon by neighbours or even friends and family). 22  THE SPANISH INQUISITION ▫ Founded to put on trial and sentence the heretics, particularly the Protestants. ▫ Inquisitors would arrive in a town and announce their presence, giving citizens a chance to admit to heresy. ▫ Those who confessed received a punishment. ▫ Those accused of heresy were forced to testify. If the heretic did not confess, torture and execution were inescapable. 23  EFFECTS OF THE SPANISH INQUISITION ▫ In Spain, the Inquisition helped the monarchy greatly increase their power and contributed towards a more homogeneous Spain. ▫ Protestantism was quickly eliminated from the country. ▫ Whilst the crown and inquisitors benefitted from property confiscations and imposing fines, the expulsions of Muslims and Jews left Spain with a deficit in their skilled workforce 24 ▫ The Reformation was a very violent period in Europe. ▫ Each side, both Catholics and Protestants, were often absolutely certain that they were in the right and that the other side was doing the devil's work. 25  What experience or event in your life that you can SYNTHESIS: compare to our discussion about Counter Reformation. 26