ARTA 111 Lecture Notes PDF

ARTA 111 - LECTURE LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF ART exquisite paintbrush users of the present. Even if one goes back to the...

ARTA 111 - LECTURE LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF ART exquisite paintbrush users of the present. Even if one goes back to the time before written records of man’s civilization has appeared, he can find HUMANITIES cases of man’s attempts of not just crafting tools to live and survive but also expressing his feelings and thoughts. The Galloping Wild Boar found in Humanities came from the Latin word humanus meaning “refined, the cave of Altamira, Spain is one such example. In 1879, a Spaniard and cultured and human.” his daughter were exploring a cave when they saw pictures of a wild boar, - Study of the different cultural aspect of man, his frailties in life and hind, and bison. how it can be improved. - Records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about life. Humanities are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts. - Emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions. - Aimed to shape students subjective energies (feelings, attitudes and aspirations). IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES 1. Man Needs An Image Of Himself 2. Understanding Of His Natures 3. Necessary For The Development Of A Complete, Social Man 4. Provides Man With A Measure Of His Own Passion & Desire 5. Regulate Man’s Behaviour PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS ETYMOLOGY OF ART According to experts, these paintings were purported to belong to Upper ART comes from the Aryan root word AR which means “to put Paleolithic Age, several thousands of years before the current era. Pre- together.” historic men, with their crude instruments, already showcased and Latin word ARS which means “skills/ability.” manifested earliest attempts at recording man’s innermost interests, Cover those areas of artistic creativity - embraces the visual arts, preoccupations, and thoughts. literature, music and dance. The humanities, then, ironically, have started even before the term has Expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill & imagination. been coined. Human persons have long been exercising what it means to DIVISION OF THE ARTS be a human long before he was even aware of his being one. The 1. Visual: arts that are primarily seen, occupies space. humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this magnificent phenomenon. 2. Auditory: heard, timed arts; exist in time Any human person, then, is tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in 3. Combined/performing arts: combines visual & auditory elements. this long tradition of humanizing himself. o Examples: a. Visual arts: paintings, sculptures and architectures LESSON 3: FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY b. Auditory arts: music and poetry c. Combined: drama & theatre, dancing, cinema & TV, opera POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS PURPOSES OF THE ARTS VISUAL ARTS 1. Create beauty - Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely more 2. Provide decoration exposed to, but its variations are so diverse they range from 3. Reveal truth sculptures that you see in art galleries to the last movie you saw. 4. Immortalize Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, drawings, lettering, 5. Express religious values printing, sculptures, digital imaging, and more. 6. Record and commemorate experience FILM 7. Create order & harmony - Film refers to the art of putting together successions of still images in order to create an illusion of movement, Filmmaking focuses on its LESSON 2: BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ART aesthetic, cultural, and social value and is considered as both an art and an industry. Art has been created by all people at all times, in all countries and it lives PERFORMANCE ART because its well-liked and enjoyed. - Performance art is a live art and the artist’s medium is mainly the Art involves experience; there can never be appreciation of art without human body which he or she uses to perform, but also employs experience. other kind of art such as visual art, props, or sound. POETRY PERFORMANCE - Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses his emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or camera, but expresses them through words. ARCHITECTURE - Architecture – is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of structures. - It is often referred to as the “mother of the arts” because it houses, serves as background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art. Materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel, glass, and ART AND NATURE plaster. Art is not nature; Nature is not art. DANCE Art is not nature. Art is made by human beings. Artists find their - Dance is series of movements that follows the rhythm of the music inspiration and subject matter in nature, and artists do use nature as accompaniment. medium, but art itself is not nature. Art is made by human beings, and no matter how close it is to nature, it always shows that it was made by human beings. The function of the artist is to help us understand the nature of things, to realize the possibilities in the world, to develop insights or enlarge imagination by creating or revealing new subjects. Art is made by man; Art is everywhere. - Literary art goes beyond the usual professional, academic, Art is man’s oldest means of expression; Art as a means of expression & journalistic, and other technical form of writing. It focuses on writing communication. (Hieroglyphics) using a unique style, not following a specific form or norm. It may “The humanities constitute one of the oldest and most important means include both fiction and non-fiction such as novels, biographies and of expression developed by man”. Human history has witnessed how man poems. evolved not just physically but also culturally, from cave painters to men of  ARTA 111 - LECTURE THEATER LESSON 4: SUBJECT AND CONTENT - Theater uses live performers to present accounts or imaginary events before a live audience. Theater art performance usually SUBJECT AND CONTENT follows a script, though they should not be confused with literary Subject refers to the visual focus or the image that may be extracted arts. from examining the artwork. APPLIED ARTS Content is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the - Applied arts incorporate elements of style and design to everyday artwork. items with the aim of increasing their aesthetical value. Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into many things that are TYPES OF SUBJECT useful in everyday life. 1. Representational Art - Examples: These types of art have subjects that refer to object or events occurring in the real world. Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as the name suggest, the figures depicted are easy to makes out and decipher. 2. This art does not make a reference to the real world, whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular event. It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes, lines, emotion, and even concept. SOURCES OF SUBJECT Nature, History, Greek and Roman Mythology, Judeo-Christian Tradition, Sacred Oriental Texts, and Other works of art. THE FUNCTIONS OF ART AS A THERAPY - In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as therapy for individuals with a variety of illnesses, both physical and mental. - Art also functions as an artifact: A product of a particular time and place, an artwork represents the ideas and technology of that specific time and place. As we look back over history, we find in art striking, and in some cases, the only, tangible records of some peoples. The insights we gain into cultures, including our own are enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART - The personal functions of art are varied and highly subjective. This means that its function depend on the person- the artist who created the art. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART - Art is considered to have a social function if and when it addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to a personal interest. Political art is a very common example of an art with a social function. Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or KINDS OF SUBJECT whatever message the artist intends his work to carry. History, Still Life, Animals, Myth, Landscape, Seascape, Figures, Nature, PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART Cityscape, Mythology, Dreams, and Fantasies. - The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot and understand. The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are CONTENT IN ART crafted in order to serve some physical purpose. LEVELS OF MEANING Other Functions of Art 1. FACTUAL - Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in relation to 2. SUBJECTIVE function. Music in its original form was principally functional. Music 3. CONVENTIONAL was used for dance and religion. Unlike today, when one can just Factual pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it may be listen to music for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient world saw extracted from the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and music only as an instrument to facilities worship and invocation to understanding how these elements relate to one another. gods. Music also was essential to dance because music assures Conventional meaning, on the other hand, pertains to the acknowledged synchronicity among dancers. interpretation of the artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other o Art as a Representation cyphers as bases of its meaning. These conventions are established o Art as a Disinterested Judgment through time, strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its o viewers or audience and scholars who study then. When are consulted, a variety of meaning may arise when a particular work of art is read. These meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s circumstances that come into play when engaging with art.  ARTA 111 - LECTURE LESSON 5: ARTIST AND ARTISAN Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art, like Western, Asian or contemporary art. The job duties of a curator are vast. They may WHO IS AN ARTIST? put on public events like lectures and workshops, write grants and conduct fundraising activities. In addition, they conduct research projects and write An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. This captures papers for publication. all forms of art. The one who is an art practitioner such as painter, sculptor, ROLE OF AN ART CURATOR choreographer, dancer, musician, etc. who produces or creates indirectly The role of the curator is more of the interpretation and development of functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination. the artwork(s) or the collection(s) through establishing the significance, o The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for the relationship, and relevance of these materials----in isolation and/or as part sake of art itself without needing any ulterior motives. of a wider narrative. Some of the roles expected of curators are the ability WHAT IS AN ARTISAN? to research and write, as an arbiter of design and layout, and deciding for the display and hanging of materials foe exhibition. An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. This includes various objects ranging from jewelry to furniture. AWARDS AND CITATIONS An artisan should not be confused with an artist because there is a clear The two major awards given to artist in the Philippines are the Order ng difference in the things that they create. An artisan is able to produce Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of national Artist) and Gawad sa something that has a functional value; although it should not be limited to Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living Treasures Award). its use value alone. - The conferment of the Order of National Artist is the “highest WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTIST AND ARTISAN national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine Arts; Definitions of Artist and Artisan: namely, music, dance, theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast Artist: An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. art, and architecture and allied arts. The order is jointly administered Artisan: An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand. by the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the President of the Characteristics of Artist and Artisan: Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions” (NCCA, a. Artistic Value: 2015). Artistic: The object has a clear artistic value. The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or The National Living Artisan: The object has an artistic value. Treasures Award was created in 1992. b. Functional Value: - A “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen engaged in any traditional Artist: The object has no functional value. art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have reached such a high Artisan: The object has a functional value. level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to c. Object: and widely practiced by the present generation in his/ her Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this community with the same degree of technical and artistic quality as it pleases the individual. competence” (NCCA,2015). This artists’ practice may fall under the Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to following categories: folk, architecture, maritime transport, weaving, it. carving, performing arts, literature, graphic and plastic art, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery and other artistic expressions COLOGNE CATHEDRAL IN GERMANY of traditional culture. 1. “MONALIZA” by LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452- 1519) - Known for Painting, drawing, sculpting, science, engineering, architecture, anatomy 2. “THE STARRY NIGHT” VINCENT VAN GOGH - Dutch post-impressionist 1853-1890 3. “The Creation of Adam” Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, (1475-1564), - Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western An examples of early Gothic architecture. art This is also a collaboration between the artist who made the design and 4. “DALAGANG BUKID” Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the the Artisan who help in the construction of the whole building. “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art.” ARTISAN AND GUILDS These guilds where towns had formalized groups of artisans or craftsmen who took on a particular specialization or trade; shoemakers, textile and glass workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, armorers, and weapon-makers, among others. Here, the practice of artists was not grounded on the idea of individual capacities or success; rather, in the commitment to work together as a collective. Guilds were a type of social fellowship, an association structured with rules, customs, rights, and responsibilities. With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade, an artisans develops immense skill and expertise in his craft. PHILIPPINE ARTISANS Church of the Most Holy Trinity in Loay, Bohol. Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, paint, and engrave images for churches and public sites. WHAT IS AN ART CURATOR? Art curators are employed by museums and art galleries to design, develop and manage installations and exhibits. This requires them to acquire works of art, ensure proper storage and help maintain museum collections. ART APPRECIATION The Elements of Visual Arts The Elements of Visual Arts LINE Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or outline. It can create texture and can be thick and thin. Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and contour line.  LINE is an important element at the disposal of every artist. always has direction, always moving. as used in any work of art, may either be straight or curved.  Lines are the first element of art and are continuous marks that are made on any surface with a moving point. Lines can be used in various ways to create different compositions. A line can be used to express various things or feelings; it can be used to show various moods or anything abstract.  Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it can also serve as the content itself of a work of art, or be manipulated to evoke an emotional or intellectual response from a viewer (Fichner-Rathus, 2010). What do these lines suggest? VERTICAL LINES HORIZONTAL LINES DIAGONAL LINES CURVED LINES Vertical Lines Vertical lines are poised for action. They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic. They express an impression of dignity. Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly feeling VERTICAL LINES Horizontal Lines Horizontal lines are lines of repose and serenity. They express ideas of calmness and quiescence.. Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of peacefulness and stillness.  BORACAY Travel News Philippines: Discovery Shores Boracay gets three awards from Travel + Leisure, Siargao Named 9th best Surfing Spot Worldwide by CNN SIARGAO  Diagonal lines are used to create feelings of movement or action. SIARGAO: The Surfing Capital of the Philippines  Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, suggest gracefulness or sexiness. If you want to photograph S curves, the human body makes for a wonderful subject. From the arch of a foot to the curve of a neck, you can find many ways to capture curved leading lines by photographing the human form. It is up to the artist how he conveys his message, in the best way possible through the use of lines.  There are various ways to integrate lines into a photograph to help strengthen the overall composition and draw attention to a specific focal point. ACTIVITY: LEADING LINES IN PHOTOGRAPHY When using vertical lines within a photo, it’s a good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure to do so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been cut in half. It is also important to try to keep the vertical line as straight as possible. Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate growth, authority, strength, or dominance. Some examples of vertical leading lines in photography include photographs of trees or tall buildings. When composing your photo to include horizontal leading lines, make sure they’re as straight as possible and consider following the rule of thirds. This photo, for example, places the land and horizon along the bottom third of the image, while the sky fills the top two-thirds of the shot. Further, the photo was composed so the bride and groom are along the left-third of the image. This photo uses both horizontal and vertical lines. Although the bulrushes are the obvious use of vertical lines, the horizontal line of the horizon is more subtle. Note, too, that the photo has been composed so the landscape follows the rule of thirds. Curved lines, sometimes referred as S curves, can help lead the eye through a photo and can suggest gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality. Despite the name, S curves don’t need to be shaped exactly like an “s.” Any strong leading line that winds or curves can be considered an S curve. Some curved leading lines often used in photography include paths and rivers. When including diagonal leading lines within a photo, it’s best if you can position them so that they start and finish just above or below the corner of a photo, like the railroad tracks shown here. This will prevent the image from looking like it has been split in half. Because our eyes naturally scan photos from left to right, composing an image to include diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom left to the top right of a photo is also a great way to compose a shot. The body of this acoustic guitar is a great example of S curves. Note the use of other leading lines in this photo too – the diagonal lines of the guitar strings, and the horizontal lines of the sheet of music in the background. Three Main Types of Lines Repetition occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a corner following the lines of the corner. Three Main Types of Lines Lines that are in opposition to each other form a contrast. Three Main Types of Lines A transition line is a line that connects two workflow elements. Transition lines allow you to define what the next step in a workflow will be. To summarize, including leading lines within a photograph is a composition technique that can strongly influence the overall result of an image. Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main focal point or, if used incorrectly, can draw the eye away from the subject or appear to cut a photo in half.  The Art Element of Color Color refers to the visual perception of light being reflected from a surface of an artwork. In the most basic classification, colors can be divided into three groups: primary, secondary and tertiary. Attributes of Color Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly referred to by the "color names" - red, orange, yellow, blue, green violet - which appear in the hue circle or rainbow. Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three basic hues, known as primaries. Color Wheel A color wheel is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, that shows relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, etc. Attributes of Color Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is the quality which depends on the amount of light and dark in color.  Attributes of Color Tints are values Intensity refers to the above the normal brightness or darkness of color. It gives color strength. Shades are values When a hue is vivid form, it below the normal. is said to be in full intensity. When it is dulled, it is said to be partly neutralized.  Psychology of Colors Colors have varied psychological and emotional connotations. – Black is associated with death and gloom – White stands for purity and innocence – Red is associated with blood, anger and fear – Green implies happiness and abundance Meanings of Colors Conveyed by the Rose Red is for “I love you” Red roses also mean courage Pink conveys “Thank you” White says “You are heavenly” and fortitude Coral speaks of desire. Yellow roses stand for freedom White roses denote secrecy, reverence and humility. Red and Yellow stand for jovial Deep pink roses convey gratitude and /happy feelings appreciation. Light pink express sympathy, grace and Orange roses speak of gentility enthusiasm and desire Red and White convey unity TEXTURE  is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. applies to how an object feels or appears to feel. can be either implied or actual.  texture Texture is the element that deals more directly with the sense of touch. It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull, plain or irregular.  Implied texture expresses the idea of how a surface might feel. For example, a painting of a blanket might convey the idea that the blanket is soft. Actual texture, on the other hand, is texture that can actually be felt. For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a carved texture that could be felt when holding that bowl. WOOD TEXTURE PERSPECTIVE  Perspective deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of which the eye judges spatial relationships. Kinds of Perspective Linear perspective is the representation of an appearance of distance by means of converging lines. It has to do with the direction of lines and with the size of objects.  Linear Perspective Painters usually show the effect of space and distance by using converging lines and diminishing size. Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise to a vanishing Foreshortening is point in the horizon, while those the representation of above the eye level seem to objects or parts of descend to the vanishing point. the body as smaller from the point of view of the observer. Kinds of Perspective Aerial perspective is the representation of relative distances of objects by gradations of tone or color. Objects become fainter in the distance due to the effect of the atmosphere. Objects appear to be lighter in color as they recede into the distance or atmosphere. The Art Element of Space Space refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work of art is created. It can also refer to the expression of depth within a work of art. When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is the actual volume that is taken up by the artwork. SPACE Space as an element of art, refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece. Space can be positive (white or light) or negative (black or dark),open or closed, shallow or deep and two- dimensional or three- dimensional. Sometimes space isn't actually within a piece, but the illusion of it is. Kinds of Space Positive space - the areas in a work of art that are the subjects, or areas of interest. Negative space – areas around the subjects, or areas of interest. Shape, Form, and Volume are words that are used to describe distinct areas or parts of works of art or architecture. FORM Form applies to the over-all design of a work of art. It describes the structure or shape of an object. The Art Element of Form Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form is an art term that is only applied to those artworks that are three-dimensional, such as sculpture and pottery. Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic. Geometric forms have hard lines and edges. Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.  Types of Form Form and shape can also be described as either organic or geometric. Organic forms such as these snow-covered boulders typically are irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical. Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally occurring. Geometric forms are those which correspond to named regular shapes, such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres, cones, and other regular forms. Organic and Geometric Forms KENNETH COBONPUE’S DESIGNS Kenneth Cobonpue 's Knottee hanging lamp at Hive  Croissant sofa Croissant Amaya CoffeeTable Yin Yang Chair VOLUME Volume refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions. It refers to solidity or thickness. References: Callow, R. (2014, January 21). Photo Gallery: Leading Lines in Photography. Retrieved from http://blog.posterjack.ca/2014/01/21/ photo-gallery-leading-lines-in-photography/ Fichner-Rathus, L. (2010). Foundations of Art and Design. USA: Thomson Learning Inc. Rich, S. (2005, September 9). Kenneth Cobonpue. Design, Green Furniture. Retrieved from http://inhabitat.com/kenneth-cobonpue/