Topic 1 Study Guide PDF

Topic 1 Study Guide Prehistory has no written record of what happened. History has a written record of what happened. Artifacts objects ma...

Topic 1 Study Guide Prehistory has no written record of what happened. History has a written record of what happened. Artifacts objects made and used by people and include things like tools and weapons, baskets, pots, clothing, furniture, housing, and even land. Archaeologists study people in the past by looking at artifacts Archeology The study of ancient people and the world that they lived in. Paleontology The study of ancient animals Blombos Cave A prehistoric site where artifacts were found that taught us how early people thought. It is believed to be the place were human society began. The caves are located on the southern tip of Africa. Chronology the measuring of time. It allows us to record the past and plan for the future. Chronometric Revolution a period in history when people began to measure time. First Chronometric Revolution information was written down and a chronology of the past history could be made. Based on the writings a timeline of history was made. Second Chronometric instead of using writings to determine how old Revolution something was, historians used science and Carbon-14 dating to determine the age of artifacts. Rosetta Stone The Rosetta Stone was important because it allowed us to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics. 31 ©2023 Pelican Educational Resources LLC. - 226696  Northern Hemisphere Arctic Ocean ©2023 Pelican Educational Resources LLC. - 226696 North Europe Asia America Atlantic Pacific Ocean Africa Ocean Pacific South Indian Ocean America Ocean Australia Southern Ocean Southern Hemisphere Antarctica Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere 32  Human migration the movement of humans from one place in the world to another. How did humans migrate Humans traveled to and migrated to various places throughout the world? around the globe by walking to these locations. Counterclaim is an opposing claim What counterclaim can be Humans traveled by boat along the coastline of the made as to how humans North Pacific Ocean and down into the Americas. migrated throughout the world? Why did humans migrate Humans traveled to and migrated to various places throughout the world? around the globe because they were trying to find new resources such as food. What is a hunter-gatherer? A hunter-gatherer is a person who hunts and gathers their food. Foraging Foraging is hunting and gathering food for survival. Why are different groups of Each community of people used different techniques to hunter-gatherers different? forage because they had different food, resources, and environment. Characteristics of an Early Hunter-Gatherer Community size 20 to 50 people Location They were nomadic which means they were constantly moving. Gender Roles Men hunted and women gathered Food Plants and meat Social Divisions Your age decided were you stood in the community. Older people were given more respect and power. 33 ©2023 Pelican Educational Resources LLC. - 226696  Life Expectancy Between 21 and 37 years Networking Share/Trade food, tools, weapons, and ideas. Shelter Caves and movable shelters made of sticks Technology Fire allowed early hunter-gatherers to cock and butcher their meat that they had caught. It allowed better nutrition which led to better brain development. Challenges How to produce and distribute food and find or make shelter How to deal with nature How to communicate with other group members How to manage conflicts between group members and with strangers How to design and use tools How to organize to do work. Culture Since different groups lived in different areas they had different resources and different experiences which led to different cultures. Communication They needed to be able to tell others where to hunt certain animals or which plants were poisonous. Trade They traded art which includes tools and beads. Art Tools Beads Musical Instruments Cave Paintings What impact did art have on As humans shared their skills, tools improved, and the brains of early hunter- humans grew more creative. Their abstract thinking gatherers? grew, too! They learned ways to make better tools. This might also show that cognitive abilities began long before cave paintings. 34 ©2023 Pelican Educational Resources LLC. - 226696