Contemporary World.pdf

MIDTERM Contemporary Global Governance Weiss & Thakur (2014) Describe global governance as the totality of norms, laws, policies, and bodies that define, comprise, and facilitate transnational relations between citizens, states, cultures, intergovernmental and no...

MIDTERM Contemporary Global Governance Weiss & Thakur (2014) Describe global governance as the totality of norms, laws, policies, and bodies that define, comprise, and facilitate transnational relations between citizens, states, cultures, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. United Nations (UN)— UN is composed of six organs: 1. The General Assembly - is the central deliberative and the only organ where all member-states have equal representation in discussion and consideration, and policymaking. 2. The Security Council - is the organ which has the commitment to preserve peace and security. 3. The Economic and Social Council - is the main organ for cooperation, policy review, policy dialogue, and advice on social, economic, and environmental issues. 4. The Trusteeship Council - is the organ tasked to administer international oversight for 11 trust territories and to make sure that adequate procedures are taken for independence and self-government. 5. The International Court of Justice - is UN's prime judicial organ. 6. The Secretariat - is the organ tasked to execute the daily activities as assigned by the five other organs. In 1948... UN was responsible for bringing human rights into the realm of international law through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UN is also a space for its members to manifest their perspectives through its core organs and committees. International Peace and Security The organization utilizes good offices, diplomacy, and meditation. It does peacekeeping processes in countries with domestic conflicts and peace-building tasks in countries freed from conflict, lessening the risk of reversing into conflict and setting the groundwork for sustainable peace and development. It agrees on the global battle for the removal of nuclear weapons and other instruments of mass destruction. Protect Human Rights UN scrutinizes situations and issues reported to them and oversees the exercise of international human rights agreements. It approaches human rights energy within the UN development system and boosts awareness of the reasons and acts of genocides, warns relevant players where there is a danger of genocide, promotes, and mobilizes for relevant action. Humanitarian Aid UN is responsible for coordinating responses to emergencies and supports rapid humanitarian response for people affected by natural disasters and armed conflict. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) The Millenium Development Goals was set to promote sustainable development. In 2015, this was changed into the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)- these goals are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. 17 global goals covers social and economic issues including: 1. poverty 2. hunger 3. health 4. education 5. global warming 6. gender equality 7. water sanitation 8. energy urbanization 9. environment 10. social justice International Laws UN settles legal disputes referred to it by the member-states. It also accords advisory opinions on questions that are of legal nature submitted by legitimate UN organs and particular agencies. Security Council's Security Council's veto power over resolutions is one of the challenges that UN has been facing since the organization's foundation. Examples For example, the UN resolution in December 2017 that required US President Donald Trump withdraw the recognition of Jerusalem as the capital city of Israel was vetoed by the United States in the Security Council. The new government of Lebanon openly defied the Security Council's many resolutions on the Israeli-Lebanon conflict. In 2017, the Philippines voted to against a United Nations General Assembly committee draft resolution on the human rights crisis in Myanmar concerning the Rohingya people. Nation-state Stand Bertucci & Alberto (2018) affirm, the sovereignty of nation-states in the midst of globalization has not been diminished for the cooperation and converted action among nation-states represent the greater exercise of their sovereignty. Conclusion Contemporary global governance defines the political scope of globalization. A World of Regions The Global Divides: The North and the South Global South - refers broadly to the regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, most countries is characterized by low-income and often politically or culturally marginalized. Global North - refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which characterized by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, political stability, aging population, zero population growth and dominance of world trade and politics. First World Country - have a stable democracies and are characterized by the rule of law, a capitalist economy and a high standard of living. Second World Country - it is term used during the cold war for the industrial socialist states under the influence of soviet unions. Third World Country - is an outdated and offensive phrase that has been used historically to describe a class of economically developing nations. Global South It is a metaphor for interstate inequality and a product of Western imagination (Claudio, 2014) Global South refers to the socio economic and political divide primarily focused on the southern hemisphere of the 1569 mercatorian map. The Global south also connotes developing countries as opposed to rich, industrialized and wealthy nation. Global North It refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which characterized by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, political stability, aging population, zero population growth and dominance of world trade and politics. Also the Global North is the home of all members of the Group of eight (G8) Canada France Germany Italy Japan United Kingdom Russia America Third world country-second world country-first world country Countries who are in developing stage will surely be called third world countries. (The Philippines is considered third word for it was colonized by European country). But the term Third World is the antecedent of Global South (Claudio 2014). Arguably, the term Third World ceased to exist when the cold war ended. Second World Country it is term used during the cold war for the industrial socialist states under the influence of soviet unions. First World Country have a stable democracies and are characterized by the rule of law, a capitalist economy and a high standard of living. A World of Regions Asian Regionalism ASIA Has the biggest population of at least two-thirds of the world's inhabitants. it comprises one-third of the world's land mass In terms of economy, emerging and developing Asian countries and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations 5 or the ASEAN 5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand) had an average of 6.3% and 5.1% GDP growth, respectively, compared to the world average growth of 3.5% as of 2016 (Obiols, 2017). What makes Asian nations stronger than ever? Establishment of collaborations and cooperation based on respect. Globalization - It is the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space. Regionalization - It is "the growth of societal integration within a region and to the often - undirected processes of social and economic interaction" (Hurrel 1995). Regionalism - It refers to regional concentration of economic flows while regionalization refers to a political process by economic policy if cooperation and coordination are present among countries (Mansfield & Wilmer,1993). Asian Regionalism - is a new concept among the continental communities. The ASEAN community is comprised of three pillars: 1. Political Security Community - gives importance to human rights, drugs, foreign relations, defense, law,and transnational crimes. 2. Economic Community - monitoring-economic ministers, finance ministers, central bank governors, free trade area investment area, agriculture and forestry, transport ministers, telecommunications and information technology ministers, science and technology, energy, minerals, tourism, free trade agreements with dialogue partners, and sectoral bodies. 3. Socio-cultural Community - culture and arts, sports, disaster management, education, environment, health, information, labor, rural development and poverty eradication, women, youth, and civil service matters ASEAN has also partnered with three East Asian Countries China, Japan and South Korea It is called ASEAN +3 Aspects that lead to a greater Asian Integration: First, Integration has been market driven Second, formal institutions such as Asian Development Bank were established. Third, economic grants and overseas development assistance are made available by better Asian Economies. Fourth, production networks have expanded. Fifth, cooperation among the ASEAN and East Asian countries Lastly, if EU is a rules-based, ASEAN follows a consensus rule as an approach to decision making. Asian Development Bank (ADB] - focused on Asia and the pacific as a reaction to global economic integration - Japan, the forerunner of the institution, believes that investments can be a factor to social development ASEAN Declaration: aims and purposes 1. to accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region; 2. to promote regional peace and stability; 3. to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest; 4. to proide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities; 5. to collaborate more effectively for the greater utilization of their agriculture and industries; 6. to expand trade, improve their transportation and communications facilitates, and raise the living standards of their people; 7. to promote Southeast Asian Studies; and 8. to maintain close and beneficial cooperation Conclusion/s Globalization and regionalization are the same for they refer to integration. Their difference lies on the scope. Globalization is worldwide, while regionalization focuses on a specific geographical region.