Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions PDF

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Quarter 1 Lesson 1: ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Art or “Sining” is defined as the different manners of expressing human skills and imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects and presentations. Art is not confined only to what is seen. Ar...

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Quarter 1 Lesson 1: ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Art or “Sining” is defined as the different manners of expressing human skills and imagination in the creation of aesthetic conditions, objects and presentations. Art is not confined only to what is seen. Art involves the use of all the physical senses in order to appreciate it. Arts play a significant role in the abundant cultural identity of the Philippines. It reflects the people, history, and traditions of the Philippines as a whole. Philippines has diverse art forms from its different regions. These diverse art forms, when integrated, give a clear picture of how abundant the culture and tradition of the Philippines is. It continues to evolve up to the present and progress to contemporary art tradition. As a Filipino, we should have the knowledge about the different art forms in the Philippines to fully understand the culture, tradition, and nation’s identity. In this lesson, you will have an understanding and appreciation of the Philippine Arts specifically the Contemporary Philippine Arts. To start your learning of the different art forms in the Philippines, examine the following images of arts and process your thoughts with the help of the guide questions below. Manunggul Jar The Making of the Philippine Flag  These are the guide questions: 1. What do the pictures of arts present? 2. How these arts reflect the Philippine’s culture and tradition Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series) and the development of Philippine arts? The development of the Philippine arts comes in three major traditions. These are the Ethnic Tradition, Spanish Colonial Tradition, and American Colonial and Contemporary Arts Traditions. Even before the colonization, the Philippines already has its indigenous arts. In this era, art forms were primarily influenced by the area where our ancestors prosper. However, the Spaniards came who tend to replace indigenous arts with western arts. For the period of Spanish rule, art forms were primarily influenced by religion and secularization. Consequently, after more than three centuries of Spanish colonization, Americans came. During American rule, development of Philippine art forms was mainly influenced by education and governance. Subsequently, concept of modern art was introduced and practiced by many artists. It is in this time wherein urbanization, consumerism, changes in the political system, and rise of new technology influence the development of art. Due to the technological advances, new forms of expression came in the field of arts and modern art continuously developed which led to the contemporary arts nowadays (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016). To describe the development of Philippine arts, read the information presented on the table below. Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions Ethnic Art forms are primarily Tradition influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016). In this time, the purpose of arts is integral to life. Arts reflected Angono Petroglyphs the pagan beliefs and practices, everyday activity The Angono Petroglyphs is situated in such as fishing and farming, Binangonan, Rizal. It was discovered by and specific decorative art the National Artist, Carlos “Botong” pattern to the community Francisco, in 1965. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall and dated back to circa late Neolithic. Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions Ethnic Art forms are primarily Tradition influenced by the Manunggul Jar geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos Manunggul jar is found in Manunggul (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016). Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in the early In this time, the purpose of arts 1960s. Manunggul jar is a burial jar which is integral to life. Arts reflected signifies the belief of early Filipino in life the pagan beliefs and after death. practices, everyday activity such as fishing and farming, and specific decorative art pattern to the community Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions Ethnic Art forms are primarily Tradition influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos (Luzviminda & Sayseng, 2016). In this time, the purpose of arts is integral to life. Arts reflected the pagan beliefs and practices, everyday activity Banga such as fishing and farming, Banga literally means pots. The Banga or and specific decorative art pot dance is a performance of Kalinga pattern to the community of the Mountain Province of the Philippines. This dance shows the elegant grace of Igorot tribe and the skill and strength of women. Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions Spanish Art forms were primarily Colonial influenced by religion and Tradition secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic faith Langit, lupa, at Impyerno This wall painting by Josef Luciano Dans will be found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete, Laguna. This painting was dated 1850 and depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth, Adan and Eve; and hell, sinners with different transgressions Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions Spanish Art forms were primarily Colonial influenced by religion and Tradition secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic faith St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral is located in Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. The original structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a church in 1641. The cathedral follows a Baroque architectural design. Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions American Modern Art Colonial and Modern art refers to the Contempo practice of art from 1860s to rary Arts 1960s. the main theme of art Traditions works in this time is national identity. The Making of the Philippine Flag by Fernando Amorsolo This painting was made by Fernando Amorsolo, “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” and born in Manila. It shows a reminder of the reminder of traditions and customs of the Filipino Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions American Modern Art Colonial and Modern art refers to the Contempo practice of art from 1860s to rary Arts 1960s. the main theme of art Traditions works in this time is national identity. Bayanihan by Carlos “Botong” Francisco Carlos “Botong” Francisco was born in Ango, Rizal. This painting by him was dated in 1962. This mural painting of Carlos “Botong” Francisco shows the Filipino’s bayanihan tradition. This also shows the distinctive style of Francisco’s painting that showcased his mastery in arts Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions American Contemporary Arts Colonial and Contemporary art refers to the Contempo practice of art from 1970s to rary Arts the present. Contemporary arts Traditions mirror contemporary culture and society. Diverse and emerging art practices were being introduced in this era. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series) by Federico Aguilar Alcuaz Federico Aguilas Alcuaz was born in Santa Cruz, Manila. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias Series) depicts the variety of domestic activities (Guillermo, 2007). Tradition Characteristic s/Features Various Art Forms from The Regions American Contemporary Arts Colonial and Contemporary art refers to the Contempo practice of art from 1970s to the rary Arts present. Contemporary arts Traditions mirror contemporary culture and society. Diverse and emerging art practices were being introduced in this era. Art Installation in Sand Dunes of Paoay by Leeroy New Leeroy New is one of the Philippines contemporary artists. He is born in General SANTOS City. This art installation of Leeroy New was made for the La Milagrosa Festival in Ilocos Norte. According to Leeroy New, the art installation symbolizes the great festivals, feasts and celebrations (Lape𝑛̃a, 2012)  These art forms from various regions or from various artists contributed to the picture of Philippine’s identity as a country. And as a Filipino, it’s important that we have knowledge to describe these art forms based on its details and elements, in relation to our country’s culture and tradition, that makes it an artistic piece. In the field of arts, knowing the elements and principles of arts is important, not just to the artist but also to the viewer, to have a deeper understanding of an artwork. Now, let us know these elements and principles of arts. Elements of Art 1. Space In visual arts, space pertains to emptiness which may either be positive space or negative space. Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape, while negative space refers to the opposite part which the shape is enclosing. 2. Line In visual arts, a line is a series of connected points. It may come in two characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different types of lines may convey different meanings. For example, a horizontal line usually suggests calmness, vertical lines may convey strength, diagonal lines create an impression of action, curved lines create an expression of gradual change of direction, and circular line may pertain an abrupt change of direction. 3. Shape and Form Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes (triangle, squares, rectangle, etc.), organic shapes (shapes found in nature, e.g. shape of a leaf or cloud), abstract shapes (asymmetrical and free flowing shapes). Meanwhile, forms are three dimensional figures. Its dimensions are height, width, and volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth. 4. Color In visual arts, color is associated with the natural phenomenon in our environment. Scientifically, when a light passes through a prism, it will produce different hues of different wavelengths. These colors may pertain to lightness, darkness, coolness, or warmth.  5. Value In visual arts, value is considered a property of a color which pertains to its lightness or darkness. 6. Texture In visual arts, texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on things, rough, smooth, bumpy, or slippery. It pertains to the surface of an art piece.  Principles of Art 1. Proportion 2. Harmony  Proportion refers to the relationship of the size  In visual arts, harmony is the unity of of elements in a body of art. For example, the artwork, specifically about the when drawing a human standing beside a arrangement of the related house, it is important to ensure that the size of elements. the human is proportional to the size of the house. 3. Variety 4. Movement  In other terms, variety may be  In arts, movement is the illusion of referred to as diversity. This means motion in a painting, sculpture adding multiple, different design, or in a piece of art elements to break the monotony of an artwork and make it more interesting 5. Rhythm 6. Balance  This refers to the repetition of  Balance refers to the even and certain elements to produce a equal distribution of elements. pattern. In visual arts, repeated design elements may create a certain flow and may lead the viewer’s eyes.  These elements and principles of arts 7. Emphasis are essential to understand the  Emphasis is a principle which may meaning of a piece of art clearly refer to the greater impact given and deeply. In relation to that, on a certain element. diverse art forms in the Philippines convey its meanings through the elements and principles present to them. So, as we described some art forms from the various regions through the development of Philippine arts, let’s use the elements and principles of arts to understand it. LESSON 2: ART MEANING AND FORMS  Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions is not just a subject that has to be learned. It wants Contemporary Philippine Arts to be viewed, to be understood and to be appreciated in the context as they were created.  It is essential to know and understand the meaning of the term contemporary when used in defining Contemporary Philippine Arts. Understanding it would pave the way for better appreciation of the arts in the Philippine context. Understanding Philippine Arts would provide a better perception of the details, context, meaning and significance of the artworks placed in a cultural, political and historical context It is also important to differentiate Modern Philippine Arts from Contemporary Philippine Arts. It would be easy to misunderstand the two by treating them as interchangeably the same. The recent years revealed a conglomeration or mix of different art forms and art media that are expressions of the times where we live in. Many art forms are integrated to create artworks that are quite different from Classical and Modern Arts. Integrative Art has become part of Contemporary Art. Contemporary Art is evident when we go to the different regions and provinces of our country. Each artwork exhibiting its own uniqueness and meaning. People get out of their houses to go to school, to work or to buy something. Almost all of them are unmindful of their surroundings as they seldom pay attention to the daily usual sights and sounds. They all come back home with same circumstances. The signage's, billboards, music, pictures and other similar visual and auditory presentations have become a conglomeration of perceived mundane elements of daily life. Thus, the beauty, relevance, significance and implications of these otherwise monotonous external stimuli are seldom comprehended and appreciated. Let’s imagine that you will be going out of your house and come across the following pictures. Give the questions some thought and answer them truthfully What do you see in the picture? Did they catch our attention? Cite its significance or importance. What do you see in the picture? Are their colors and font styles appealing? Why or why not? Cite their significance or importance. What do you see in the picture? Are they inspiring or distracting? Why or why not? Cite its significance or importance. What do you see in the picture? Are they worth watching? Why or why not? Cite its significance or importance The pictures presented in the previous activity are depictions of the artworks that are seen today. Present day art has a lot of variety. There are various expressions Philippine art that can be found right inside our homes and are found everywhere. The arrangement of furniture, home décor, the way a mother cooks a particular kind of food to the jeepney designs and signages, architecture of buildings, billboard designs and other unnoticed works of art, comprise the “art of today.” The artworks and styles of the past have evolved and have adapted to a dynamic changing world, a world immersed in the latest technology and emerging ideologies. These artworks and styles are created, witnessed and experienced in our lifetime by artists and style experts catering to Millennial and Gen Z viewers, and techy clientele. These artworks are collectively known as Contemporary Art. The term contemporary has been defined as something “happening, existing, living, or coming into being during the same period of time” (Merriam-Webster). Assuming this definition, Contemporary Art refers to art of any form and genre that produced in our contemporary time, simply put as “art created today.” It should not be confused with Modern Art which ranges from the end of the 19th Century until the 1970’s or 1980’s or the late 20th Century. It will put Contemporary Art from the late 20th Century to the present. Modern Art differs from Contemporary Art historically and contextually. Contemporary Art is influenced by the economic, social, political and environmental context where the artist is immersed in. It can be said that Contemporary Art is the artist’s expression of his perception and comprehension of these contexts. Contemporary Arts in the Philippines is as diverse as our people. Contemporary Philippine Art is not confined to the usual genres of the four main art forms, namely, visual, literary, applied and performing arts. Genres are categories of artistic creation and are characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter. Many other genres came up which include pure are forms as well as mixed art forms. The following are examples from each art form Contemporary Art is prominent in the Philippines and has been appreciated by so many people, and some of them were not even aware that they are looking at fine examples of Contemporary Art. Many contemporary Philippine artworks have earned the admiration and respect of viewers from here and abroad. These artworks are expressions of the artist’s thoughts and feelings based on their experience of the here and now. These include current events, issues and social concerns affecting the society where the artist lives in. Appropriation Appropriation Elements of Contemporary Art Contemporary Arts have different elements that are put together to come up with a distinct artwork. These elements include: 1. Appropriation, this relates to the modifications made by the artist. 2. Hybridity, this refers in the use of different art mediums that are put together. Hybridity Appropriation Technology Elements of Contemporary Art Technology, its application highlights the creativity of the artist Performance, carried out for viewers to experience. Space, intricate use of space Space Performance Those elements are combined in different ways to come up with Integrative Art. Integrative Art employs the use of different art elements used together in distinct different expressions.  Contemporary Art Forms from the Philippine Regions With modern technology and easy access to far-flung areas of the country, many artworks have become known and many more are being created by present day artists from the different regions. All forms of art can be found throughout the country. Artworks coming from the seventeen regions of the three main island groups of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, have been exhibited in different exhibition halls and museums. Viewers have come to know and, more importantly, to understand the present-day art expressions of artists who want their culture, situation and issues be known through their artworks.  The distinct features of Contemporary Philippine Art include: Communal nature, as it reflects the relationships build around the bonds of community and society. Intuitive, as Filipinos are immersed in their consciousness of themselves, their community and their culture. Holistic, as individuals, groups of people and events are perceived in their entirety as well as the unitive use of art materials and forms Creative process, as the artist puts more emphasis on now their artwork was made than on the artwork itself.  Multi-focal, as it considers everything and everyone, the wide perspective of the artwork as well as both artist and viewer. Integrative, as it encompasses religious, moral, spiritual, social, and environmental concerns.  LESSON 3 : Contemporary Art Forms from the Regions Various art forms are known from the different regions or island groups of the Philippines; generally, from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Through these various art forms, we tend to picture out the different practices of Filipinos from the different regions that, when integrated, describe what the Philippines is. ACTIVITY : Artistic Showcase [Teaching Strategy: Project-Based Learning] Materials - Art supplies, presentation materials Significance - This activity allows students to creatively express their understanding of different art forms. Instructions - 1) Research and select a contemporary art form from a specific region. 2) Create a visual representation or performance showcasing the selected art form. 3) Present and explain the significance of the chosen art form to the class. Rubric - Creativity - 20 pts. - Presentation - 15 pts. - Understanding - 15 pts. Assessment Questions: 1) How did your chosen art form reflect the cultural heritage of its region? 2) What challenges did you face in presenting the art form to your classmates? 3) How did your understanding of the art form deepen through this activity?  To start your learning of the different various art forms from the different regions or island groups of the Philippines, examine the following images of arts and process your thoughts with the help of the guide questions below. The Bonifacio Monument Tinikling The Archipelago PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ARTS Philippine contemporary arts can be described into visual arts, literary arts and performing arts. Visual art is an expression of artistic ideas through images, structures, and tactile work. Some visual artworks are integrated which means it combines several mediums to create new and unique artwork. Painting, sculpture, architecture, and film are examples of visual arts Painting Painting the expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic qualities, in a two- dimensional visual language Sculpture The sculpture is an art form in which hard or plastic materials are worked into three-dimensional art objects Architecture Architecture is the art and practice of designing and constructing buildings (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary & Thesaurus). In relation to that, Philippine architecture was characterized as simple, rational, and functional. I Film Film is a form of visual art use to imitate experiences that communicate ideas, stories, or feelings with the use of moving images. It is also called a movie or motion picture Apart from visual arts, there are Philippine contemporary art forms that can be described as literary arts. Literary arts are an expression of ideas through writing. Literary arts can be categorized as poetry, prose, and drama. In the Philippines, literary arts are greatly encountered in literature. Literature According to Lombardi (2020), literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Derived from the Latin word literature meaning "writing formed with letters," literature most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination, including poetry, drama, fiction, nonfiction, and in some instances, journalism, and song. These are some examples of Philippine literature Furthermore, there are also Philippine contemporary art forms that can be described as performance arts. A person doing certain actions and movements in front of an audience that go along with sound in a space and time is called Performing Arts. Music and Theater Music is a collection of coordinated sound or sounds. According to Ramon P. Santos in his article entitles Contemporary Music, Contemporary music in the Philippines usually refers to compositions that have adopted ideas and elements from twentieth-century art music in the West, as well as the latest trends and musical styles in the entertainment industry. Theatre is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of 12 gesture, speech, song, music, or dance. Some of the Theater Play in the Philippines are the following Dance Dance, the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within a given space, for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion, releasing energy, or simply taking delight in the movement itself. Dances in the Philippines vary from Region to Region and below are some dances of the different regions.  1. 2. LUZON 3 4. 5. Sample concept map linking various 1. contemporary art PHILIPPINES VIZAYAS 2. forms to the cultural 3 heritage of different 4. regions in the 5. Philippines. 1. MINDANAO 2. 3 4. 5. LESSON 4 : National Artists of the Philippines By its definition a National Artist is a Filipino who has made a significant contribution to the development of Philippine arts in the fields of Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film and Architecture. A Filipino individual who should have been awarded the highest national recognition for the arts namely, National Artist Award. In Filipino context, it is also known as the Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining  The Order of National Artist The Order of the National Artists Award (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts. The order is concurrent administered by the: NCCA - National Commission for Culture and the Arts CCP - Cultural Center of the Philippines and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions Under the Proclamation No.1001 dated April 27, 1972 the Order of the National Artist Award (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining was established. It gives an appropriate recognition and prestige to Filipinos who have acclaimed themselves and made a remarkable contribution to Philippine arts and letters. The first award was given to Fernando Amorsolo. On May 15, 1973 under the Proclamation No. 1144, The Order of National Artists aims to recognize: 1.The Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the country. 2.The Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote creative expression as significant to the development of a national cultural identity. 3.The Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future generations of Filipino artists The following are the seven categories under which National Artists can be recognized: 1. Literature – poetry, fiction, essay, playwriting, journalism and/or literary criticism; 2. Film and Broadcasting / Broadcast Arts – direction, writing, production design, cinematography, editing, camera work, and/or performance; and 3. Architecture, Design and Allied Arts– architecture design, interior design, industrial arts design, landscape architecture and fashion design. 4. Music - singing, composition, direction, and/or performance; 5. Dance - choreography, direction and/or performance; 6. Theater – direction, performance and/or production design; 7. Visual Arts – painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, installation art, mixed media works, illustration, graphic arts, performance art and/or imaging Qualifications for the National Artist Award The qualifications for a Filipino to be nominated and selected are rigorous. Below are the qualifications for the National Artist Award. 1. Living artists who are natural-born Filipino citizens. 2. The content and form of their work have procured in building a Filipino sense of nationhood. 3. An artist who have developed a mode of creative expression or style and living a legend on succeeding generations of artists. 4. An artist who manifest excellence in the practice of their art form 5. The artwork made has attained an international and national recognition. Insignia of the Order of the National Artists The insignia of the Order of the National Artists is formed from a Grand Collar featuring circular links depicting the arts and an eight- pointed sunburst suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green and white enamel. The center of the badge is divided into three equal portions, in red, white and blue representing the Philippine Flag with three stylized letter K’s that stands for the CCP’s motto “ Katotohanan, Kabutihan at Kagandahan “ ( The true, the good and the beautiful ). The Grand Collar is made from silver gilt bronze.  National Artists of the Philippines The following are the National Artists of the Philippines grouped according to their categories and arranged to the chronology of National Artist Award: Architecture Dance Film 1973 Juan Nakpil 1973 Francisca Reyes Aquino 1982 Gerardo de Leon 1976 Pablo Antonio 1976 Leonor Orosa- 1997 Lino Brocka 1990 Leondro V. Locsin Goquingco 2001 Ishmael Bernal 2006 Ramon Valera 1988 Lucrecia Reyes Urtula 2003 Eddie S. Romero 2014 Jose Maria Zaragoza 2006 Ramon Obusan 2009 Manuel Conde 2006 I.P Santos Literature Music Theater 1973 Amado V. Hernadez 1973 Antonio J. Molina 1987 Honorata " Atang" de la Rama 1973 Jose Garcia Villa 1976 Jovita Fuentes 1997 Levi Celerio 1976 Nick Joaquin 1988 Antonio R. Buenaventura 1997 Wlfrido Ma. Guerero 1982 Calos P. Romulo 1989 Lucrecia R. Kasilag 1997 Rolando S. Tinio 1990 Francisco Arcellana 1991 Lucio D. San Pedro 1999 Daisy Avellana 1997 N.V. M Gonzales 1997 Felipe Padilla de Leon 2001 Severino Montan 1997 Carlos Quirino 1997 Jose Maceda 1999 Edith L. Tiempo 1997 Levi Celerio 2001 F. Sionil Jose 1999 Ernani Joson Cuenco 2003 Virgilio S. Almario 1999 Andrea O. Veneracion 2006 Bienvenido Lumbera 2014 Francisco Feliciano 2009 Lazaro Francisco 2014 Ramon Santos 2014 Cirilo F. Bautista Visual Arts 1972 Fernando C. Amorsolo 1973 Carlos " Botong" V. Francisco 1973 Guillermo E. Tolentino 1976 Victorio C. Edades 1976 Napoleon V. Abueva 1981 Vicente Manansala 1990 Cesar Legaspi 1991 Hernando R. Ocampo 1997 Arturo R. Luz 1999 J. Elizalde Navarro 11 2001 Ang Kiukok 2003 Jose T. Joya 2006 Abdulmari Asia Imao 2006 Bencab 2009 Federico Aguillar Alcuaz 2014 Francisco Coching  This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND LESSON 5: Elements and Principles of Art Guillermo Tolentino He sculpted the Oblation in 1935 which is located at the University of the Philippines Campus in Diliman, Quezon City. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Bienvenido Lumbera He wrote the libretto recounting Alice Reyes the origins of the Manobo people She is the founder of Ballet Philippines Jose M. Maceda, pianist, ethnomusicologist, and National Artist for Music (1997), was born in Manila. He founded the UP Center for Ethnomusicology. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Manuel Conde He collaborated with Carlos V. Francisco in the film Genghis Khan in 1950 that tells the epic adventure of a Mongolian conqueror.  To start your learning about the elements and principles of art, examine the following image of artwork and process your thoughts with the help of the guide questions below. These are the guide questions: 1. How does the shapes and forms define the subject of the artwork? 2. How does colors create mood or emotion in this artwork? 3. What is the artwork all about? Elements and principles of art are being introduced in Module 1: Arts in the Philippines. In module 1, the elements and principles of art is introduced to describe the various contemporary art forms from the regions of the Philippines generally from Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The elements of art are space, line, shape and form, color, value, and texture. Meanwhile, the principles of art are proportion, harmony, variety, movement, rhythm, balance, and emphasis. Now, let’s discuss this elements and principles of art further. Elements of Art 1. Line An element of art that is used to define shape, contours, and outlines, also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms. Line may come in two What’s New 9 characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines; and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines. Different characteristics of lines may convey different meanings: a) Horizontal Line creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. b) Vertical Line creates an impression of strength and perfect stability. c) Diagonal Line creates an impression of action. d) Curved Line creates an impression of gradual change of direction. e) Circular Line Curved Line creates an impression of abrupt change of direction. Moreover, lines can be classified into different types: a) Outlines are made by the edge of an object or its silhouette. b) Contour Lines describe the shape of an object and the interior detail. c) Expressive Lines catch the movement and gestures of an active figure. d) Sketch Lines capture the appearance of an object or imSketchpression of a place. e) Calligraphic Lines are the elegant handwriting or lettering done by hand. f) Implied Lines are lines that are not actually drawn but created by a group of objects seen from a distance. Shape Shape is an area that is enclosed by a line or lines. Shapes are two dimensional figures with height and width. There are different kinds of shapes and these are geometric shapes, organic shapes, positive shapes, negative shapes, static shapes, and dynamic shapes. Geometric Shapes are circles, squares, Organic Shapes are shapes found in nature and are rectangles, triangles, and other geometric free flowing, informal and irregular (abstract shapes). shapes. Positive Shapes are the solid forms Static Shapes are shapes that appears stable and in a design. resting. Negative Shapes are the space Dynamic Shapes are shapes that appears moving and active around the positive shape Color Colors are the way we see light reflected from a surface or refracted through a prism. Colors we see in nature are reflections of light on the surfaces around us. We can classify colors into primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors, analogous Calligraphy 10 colors, complementary colors, monochromatic colors, warm colors, and cool colors  a) Primary colors are red, blue, and yellow. a) Secondary colors are the resulting colors when the two of the primary colors are mix. The secondary colors are purple, green, and orange. b) Tertiary colors are the resulting colors when two of the primary and/or secondary colors are mix. The tertiary colors are amber, vermilion, magenta, violet, teal, and chartreuse. c) Analogous Colors are colors that lie next to each other based on the color wheel. Example of analogous colors are yellow, orange, and red. e) Complementary colors are colors that are opposite to each other based on the color wheel. Examples of complementary colors are red and green, blue and orange, and purple and yellow. f) Monochromatic Colors are several values of one color. g) Warm colors are colors that give the feeling of warmth. The warm colors are yellow, amber, orange, vermilion, red, and magenta. h) Cool colors are colors that give the feeling of coolness. The cool colors are purple, violet, blue, teal, green, and chartreuse. Space Space refers to distances or areas around, between or within components of a piece and refers to the arrangement of objects on the picture plane (two- dimensional). In visual arts, space may either be positive space or negative space. Positive space refers to a part which is enclosed in a shape. Meanwhile, negative space refers to the opposite part which the shape is enclosing. Moreover, perspective is a technical means by which we perceive distance in painting, by which we are made to see the position of objects in space. a) In one-point perspective, we perceive that the b) In two-point perspective, we perceive that position of objects meets at one point on the the position of objects meets at two points on horizontal line. the horizontal line. Texture Texture is the element that appeals to our sense of feel on thingsrough or smooth, bumpy or slippery. It is the character of the surface of an artwork. a) Real texture is the actual texture of an object. Artist may create real texture in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling. b) Implied texture made a piece of art to look like a certain texture. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper. Value Value pertains to the lightness or darkness of a color in a given artwork. Value can be changed by adding white or black to a color and these described as tint and shade. a) Tint pertains to the lightness of a color. b) Shade pertains to the darkness of a color Form Form is the three-dimensionality of an object. It has dimensions of height, width, and length According to Mader (2019), the elements of art are the visual tools that the artist uses to create a composition. Consequently, principles of art represent how the artist uses elements of art to create an effect and convey the artist's intent. Principles of Art 1. Rhythm This refers to the repetition of certain elements to produce a pattern. 2. Movement Movement is the illusion of motion in a painting, sculpture, or design. 3. Balance Balance refers to the visual weight in a picture. It refers to the even distribution of positions of elements in an artwork. The principle of balance can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. a) Symmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein its both sides has the same elements in the same position. b) Asymmetrical balance refers to an artwork wherein it is balance through the contrast or differences of any of the elements of art. 4. Proportion Proportion refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. 5. Contrast This principle shows differences between elements of art in an artwork. It shows how stronger each element of art in relation to one another. 6. Variety This principle of art refers to the diversity or the different elements used in an artwork to make it more interesting. 7. Emphasis Emphasis refers to the greater impact or highlight given to a certain element in an artwork. 8. Harmony This principle of art refers to the unity of an artwork. It is about the arrangement of the related elements that makes an artwork to be viewed as a whole. Evaluation of Artworks Based on Elements and Principles of Art This artwork was made by the National Artist of the Philippines in Visual Arts Hernando Ocampo entitled “Genesis”. According to Rafhael Piola (2015), some of the elements that could be seen in this canvass, in my own opinion, would be lines (curved), shape (amorphic), light, and color As for its principles of design and in my own opinion, some of the principles visible to this canvass would be variety in terms of its colors, and balance (asymmetrical), emphasis (focal point) Lesson 6: Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan This lesson will discuss the sixteen (16) (GAMABA) Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasure Awardees and their specific contribution in the Philippine Art. These artists acknowledged for developing, preserving, and promoting the traditional art of the Philippines which kept the art alive even in the present time. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC Introduction to GAMABA Definition: GAMABA, or the National Living Treasures Award, honors Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to preserving and promoting traditional arts. Purpose: To recognize and support masters of traditional arts who are at risk of being forgotten. To acknowledge their role in maintaining and transmitting cultural heritage. Overview: Established in 1992 by the Philippine government. Administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA). Criteria for Awardees Eligibility: Artists must be practicing their craft for a significant period, generally at least 50 years. Must demonstrate mastery and contribute to the preservation of their art form. Selection Process: Nominations are submitted by various organizations and individuals. A panel of experts and cultural advocates reviews the nominations. Criteria: Artistic excellence and contribution to the preservation and promotion of traditional arts. Impact on the community and influence on other artists. Historical Background Origins: Created through Republic Act No. 7355, signed into law on April 22, 1992. Aimed at addressing the decline in traditional arts due to modernization and global influences. Legislative Basis: The law provides for the establishment of a National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) to oversee the award and its related activities. Evolution: Initially focused on preserving traditional arts, it has since broadened to include various forms of traditional craftsmanship and performance. Examples of evolution: Inclusion of indigenous arts and expanded outreach to remote communities.  Notable Awardees: Overview Introduction: GAMABA has honored various masters across different regions and art forms. Includes artisans, weavers, musicians, and dancers. Diversity: Representation of arts from various ethnic groups and regions. Awardee Contribution Region Surat Mangyan and Ambahan Panaytayan, poetry Preserve the Hanunuo Mansalay, Oriental Mangyan script and Ambahan Mindoro, Region IV-B (poem consisting of seven-syllable MIMAROPA lines) and promote it on every occasion so that the art will not be lost but preserved for posterity. Ginaw Bilog (d. 2003) Awardee Contribution Region Epic Chanter and Storyteller Pala’wan, Palawan An outstanding master of the basal Island, Region IV-B (gong music), kulilal (highly lyrical MIMAROPA poem) and bagit (instrumental music played on the kusyapi), also played the aroding (mouth harp) and babarak (ring flute) and above all, he was a prolific and Masino Intaray (d. 2013) preeminent epic chanter and storyteller Playing Kudyapi He achieved the Maguidanao, Western highest level of excellence in the Midanao Bangsamoro art of kutiyapi or kudyapi (two- Autonomous Region in stringed lute) playing and also Muslim Mindanao proficient in kulintang, agong (BARMM) (suspended bossed gong with wide rim), gandingan (bossed gong with narrow rim), palendag Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011) (lip-valley flute), and tambul Awardee Contribution Region T’nalak Weaving She is credited T’boli/Lake Sebu, South with preserving her people’s Cotabato, Mindanao, traditional T’nalak using abaca Region XII fibers as fine as hair which SOCCSKSARGEN traditionally has three primary colors, red, black, and the original colors of abaca leave recreated by her nimble hands-the crocodiles, butterflies, and flowers. Lang Dulay (d. 2015 She was awarded for fully Tagabawa Bagobo/ demonstrating the creative and Bansalan, Davao del Sur, expressive aspects of the Bagobo Region XI Davao Region abaca ikat (to tie or bond) weaving called inabal (traditional textile of Bagobo) at a time when such art was threatened with extinction. Salinta Monon (d. 2009) Awardee Contribution Region Playing Yakan Instruments He Yakan/ Lamitan, Basilan referred to for his ability and Island, Bangsamoro mastery in playing different Yakan Autonomous Region in instruments (made of bamboo, Muslim Mindanao wood, and metal) and for (BARMM) imparting his insight to the youngsters of his locale. He keeps on performing and instruct despite his diminishing visual perception, Uwang Ahadas keeping the Yakan melodic custom alive and thriving Chanting the Sugidanon Epic of Sulod-Bukidnon/ Calinog, the Panay Bukidnon He Iloilo, Panay Island, continuously works for the Region VI Western Visayas documentation of the oral literature, in particular the epics, of people. These ten epics, rendered in a language that, though related to Kiniray-a, is no longer spoken. Federico Caballero Awardee Contribution Region Playing Kalinga Musical Instruments Kalinga, Northern Luzon His lifestyle work is to paint a Island, Cordillera portrait of his people to record a Administrative Region tradition of opposites and dualities, (CAR) a peoples’ character recorded in cadences each aggressive and gentle. Play Kalinga musical instruments dance patterns and moves related to rituals. Alonzo Saclag Mat weaving She was recognized Ungos Matata, Tandubas, as the master mat weaver. Her Tawi-Tawi, Bangsamoro colorful mats with their complex Autonomous Region in geometric patterns showcased her Muslim Mindanao precise sense of design, proportion, (BARMM) and symmetry and sensitivity to color. Hajja Amina Appi (d. 2013) Awardee Contribution Region Metal Plating He is an artist who Apalit, Pampanga, has devoted his existence to Region III Central Luzon developing religious and secular artwork in silver, bronze, and wood. His intricately detailed retablos, mirrors, altars, and carosas are in church buildings and non-public collections. A range of these works are quite large, some exceeding forty feet, whilst some are very small and feature very nice and Eduardo Mutuc refined craftsmanship. Pis syabit Weaving She remained Tausug/ Parang, Sulu, devoted and persevered with her Bangsamoro Autonomous mission to teach the artwork of pis Region in Muslim syabit weaving. Her strokes firm Mindanao (BARM and sure, her color sensitivity acute, and her dedication to the best of her products unwavering Darhata Sawabi (d. 2005) Awardee Contribution Region Abel Weaving She has been a master in Pinili, Ilocos Norte abel weaving from Pinili, Ilocos Norte. Region I Ilocos She is not only weaving traditional Region Ilocano textiles but also designs new patters. One of her designs employs a difficult weaving technique called pililian meaning partially. The weave produces a one of a kind design that takes after a string of flowers thus its Magdalena Gamayo name, inubon a sabong. She did not formally study such traditional art. Instead, she watched closely as her aunt made and imitated the patterns. Kattukong or Tabúngaw Hat Making San Quintin, Abra, When he finishes fieldwork as a farmer, Cordillera he focuses on the cultivation and Administrative development of tabúngaw (Ilokano Region (CAR) term for úpo). At the age of fifteen (15) he learned the art of Kattukong or tabúngaw hat making and basket Teofilo Garcia weaving from his grandfather. Awardee Contribution Region Yakan Weaving Lamitan, Basilan Apuh Ambalang, is significantly Island, Bangsamoro respected in all of Lamitan. Her ability is Autonomous Region regarded unique: she can bring forth all in Muslim Mindanao designs and actualize all textile (BARMM) categories ordinary to the Yakan community, who are known to be among the finest weavers within the Southern Philippines. She can perform the suwah bekkat (cross-stitch-like embellishment) and suwah pendan (embroidery-like embellishment) techniques of the bunga sama category. She has the complex knowledge of the whole weaving process, mindful at the same time as Ambalang Ausalin the cultural significance of each textile design or category. Awardee Contribution Region Since she was a child, she was bright and careful in tangle weaving. Her Upper Lasang, Sapu perseverance took place because of Masla, Malapatan, her supportive husband. The thin strips Saranggani Region of the pandanus romblon (Pandanus XII SOCCSKSARGEN copelandii merr. Bariu) rise matrixed through deft fingers performing an individual rhythm, the beat guided by her eyes. The unwoven strips are held tight at the other end of her body, as toes curl and close around, not only these strips but, as it were, the abstraction that other people call design. The arc of her torso determines the dexterity of feet and toes. Hand/eye coordination happens inside Estelita Tumandan Bantilan a frame of milliseconds. Awardee Contribution Region B’laan Ikat or Tie-dye Fabric Weaving Amguo, Landan, Polomolok, South Yabing Masalon Dulo, called as Cotabato Region XII “Fu Yabing”, was only fourteen SOCCSKSARGEN (14) years old when she started weaving. All her younger years were spent in sharpening her skills and imparting the knowledge to younger generations of B’laan weavers. She follows her mother’s movements back and forth. She colors the fibers, counts the thread, and observes the rhythmic dance of a weaver’s dreams woven into unique soulful pieces Yabing Masalon Dulo  Lesson 6: Promotion of Arts from the Regions Art is one of the platforms of Filipino to describe and portray the practices, behavior, ideology, culture, and tradition in their region or in their community. Hence, it is important to promote and appreciate traditional and contemporary arts from the regions.  Let’s recognize some factors that affect the traditional or contemporary artist’s production process. Tourism Land Conversion for Tourism: Natural areas are developed into tourist destinations. Increased Vulnerability: Ecological domains become more susceptible to damage from natural disasters and tourist activity. Impact on Local Traditions: Tourist presence can affect community adherence to traditions. Quality of native art forms may decline.  Transformation of Artworks: Traditional works are turned into mass-produced souvenirs to cater to tourist demand. Commercialization of Textiles: Traditional textile designs are adapted using neon colors and synthetic fibers for commercial purposes. Militarization Impact of Militarized Zones: Creates insecurity and tension that hinders artistic creation. Disruption of Communal Gatherings: Prevents people from holding communal events. Knowledge Exchange and Art Creation: Limits opportunities for sharing and passing on artistic knowledge and skills. Christianization The influence of Christianity and the conversion of the natives to a foreign This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND religion have affect the preservation of their indigenous rituals and traditions.  SUPPORT SYSTEMS OF PHILIPPINE ART There are several established authorities, institutions, markets, galleries, and award giving bodies that supervise the protection, promotion and nurturing of culture and art. National Commission for Culture and the Arts The National Commission for Culture and the Arts is the overall policy making body, coordinating and grants giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine Arts and Culture Cultural Center of the Philippines The mission of the Cultural Center of the Philippines is the leading institutions for the arts and culture in the Philippines. National Museum The National Museum is an educational, scientific, and cultural institution that acquires, documents, preserves, exhibits, and fosters scholarly study and public appreciation of works of art, specimens, and cultural and historical artifacts representative of the unique cultural heritage of the Filipino people and the natural history of the Philippines (Dumandan, 2019). Metropolitan Museum of the Philippines The Metropolitan Museum of the Philippines is one of the major museums in the Philippines. The museum was among the first to develop and extend its audience by embracing the philosophy of arts by all. Ben Cab Museum The BenCab Museum houses the permanent collection of Philippine National Artist Benedicto Cabrera (BenCab) in several galleries, as well as venues for art shows and exhibitions. Art Fair Philippines Art Fair Philippines is the premier platform for exhibiting and selling the best in modern and contemporary Philippine visual art. ManilART ManilART is the Philippines' premier international art fair. It showcases the best in contemporary visual arts for the development and promotion of Filipino art and culture locally and internationally. Finale Art File Finale Art File is considered as a premier gallery institution in the Philippines. It showcased hundreds of exhibits by some of the most talented names in contemporary visual arts. Kublai Art Gallery and Davao Contemporary Art Gallery The Kublai Art Gallery and Davao Contemporary Art Gallery is a unique cultural expression of Davao’s visual artists. The gallery showcases various works by Mindanao’s famed artist Kublai Ponce-Millan, as well as different artists from the city (Dumandan, 2019). Thirteen Artists Awards The Thirteen Artists Awards mark the turnings in and of Philippine contemporary art, to update its modernizing potential and to assess how artists today engage with other forces in the art world (Dumandan, 2019).