Construction Technology Test.docx

**Laticia Hernandez -- Construction Technology** **Test** **Chapter 1** 1. Define construction technology. - The knowledge needed to build constructed products. 2. What is feedback? - Feedback provides information on system performance. - Information about system performance ensure tha...

**Laticia Hernandez -- Construction Technology** **Test** **Chapter 1** 1. Define construction technology. - The knowledge needed to build constructed products. 2. What is feedback? - Feedback provides information on system performance. - Information about system performance ensure that the processes continue to meet quality standards and trigger corrective actions. 3. What is green construction? - A way of building that reduces the impact of construction on the environment both now and in the future. 4. What is the purpose of building codes? - The purpose of building codes is to protect the health and safety of people who use the buildings. **Chapter 2** 5. What is buildability? - Buildability affects the cost of the project. If the costs are too high, the project will not be economical. 6. What is utility construction? - Utility construction provides for **natural gas, electricity, communication, water, and sewer services.** 7. What influences community growth or decline? - Community growth and decline are influenced by the economy of the area. **Chapter 3** 8. When did Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) become federal law and what does ADA mandate? - Enacted in 1990, the ADA mandates accessibility in public places. 9. Why is worker safety important? - Safety is important in all industries, especially important for construction workers due to hazardous tools and environments. 10. What is the difference between fall restraint device and fall arrest device? - **Fall restraint devices** uses guardrails or safety belts to prevent a worker from reaching the edge of an elevated surface.  - **Fall arrest devices** catches a person who falls to prevent injuries. **Chapter 4** 11. Why is a cost benefit analysis conducted and how do we do it? - A cost benefit analysis is conducted to evaluate the viability of alternatives in a project. In this process, costs are estimated, and benefits are analyzed for each alternative, such as expected life, appearance, and maintenance needs and cost. 12. What is the government\'s power of eminent domain? Explain. - Government\'s power of eminent domain allows the government to acquire land for public use, compensating owners at fair market value. 13. Why are the electrical power systems usually installed after the plumbing pipes and HVAC ducks? - The electrical wiring will not be run in locations that interfere with the plumbing pipes and HVAC ducts. **Chapter 5** 14. What influences a contractor to buy or rent equipment? - Buying is economical for frequently used items; renting is suitable for infrequently used tools. The availability of cash also influences buying decisions. 15. Why is it important to have a secure storage facility? - Secure storage facilities help prevent tool theft, a common issue in construction. **Chapter 6** 16. What are the ingredients in concrete? - **Concrete** is made of three ingredients: **Portland cement, water, and aggregate**. 17. What are the ingredients in Portland cement? - **Portland cement** is made by **mixing limestone, clay, and shale**. 18. Why do we use reinforcement bars or rebar with concrete? - The tensile strength of concrete is improved using reinforcing bars or rebar. 19. What is curing? How many days of curing are typically required for concrete? - Curing is a chemical process that causes concrete to become a solid. - Concrete made with Type 1 Portland cement needs at least seven days of controlled curing. **Chapter 7** 20. What type of metals contain iron? Give an example. What is one property of metals that contain iron? - **Ferrous metals** contain a large percentage of iron. Steel is an example of a ferrous metal. They are magnetic. 21. How are columns, girders, and beams used in erecting steel structure? - Columns provide vertical support. - Girders are large horizontal structural members that are supported by columns. - Beams are horizontal structural members that are supported by girders. **Chapter 8** 22. Differentiate between softwoods and hardwoods? - **Softwood trees have needles and produce seeds with no covering, such as pinecones.** They also have large, straight trunks from which long boards can be cut. - **Hardwood comes from deciduous trees, or trees that lose their leaves every fall.** This type of tree has many large branches. This makes it difficult to cut long, straight boards from the trunks. 23. What are the safety concerns you should be aware of in construction work? - Make sure have a clear path before moving a long object. - Splinters are a common injury when working with wood. - Treated lumber can be dangerous to your health. Wear gloves to protect your hands from direct contact with treated boards. - Wear safety glasses when sawing or performing other chip or dust producing processes. - Wear a dusk mask to reduce inhalation of sawdust. - Do not burn treated wood. Burning can produce toxic substances. - Skin irritation, wash exposed skin with mild soap and water to reduce the possibility of skin irritation. **Chapter 9** 24. What is tempered glass and what is its advantage? - Tempered glass is made by heating glass to near its melting point and then cooling it rapidly. - The advantage of tempered glass that it is 3 to 5 times stronger than non-tempered glass. 25. What is insulating glass and what can be done to increase resistance to heat transfer? - Insulating glass is two or more sheets of glass separated by an air space. Moisture is removed from the air space to prevent condensation from forming during cold weather. To increase resistance to heat, transfer the air space can be filled with argon gas. **Chapter 10** 26. What is architecture design? - **Architectural design** is a process for developing and evaluating solutions for planned communities, shopping centers, and individual structures. 27. What factors are common to all design projects? - Function - Appearance - Cost - Strength - Materials 28. Explain why identifying the problem is important and what are the steps involved in identifying the problem? - Identifying the problem is important because without a clear, accurate, and complete definition of the problem, the solution developed is unlikely to meet the needs of the client. - The 7-step design process: - **Structural analysis** examines the strength requirements of a structural. - **Site analysis** is an evaluation of how the proposed building will fit on a site. - **Functional analysis** determines if a design will work as planned. - **Cost analysis** is an ongoing process because it is directly affected by functional, site, and structural analysis. Once the analysis of the various design ideas is completed, the architects prepare their ideas for presentation to their clients. **Chapter 11** 29. What are the factors of the design process that engineers concentrate on? - Engineers focus on **five factors** of the design process: **function, strength, materials, cost, and appearance.** 30. Explain the four types of analysis that are done for each idea. - **Functional Analysis:** determines how well each refined idea meets the needs of the project. - **Site Analysis:** studies the suitability of various sites chosen for a construction project. - **Structural Analysis:** focuses on the strength of structures in the building project. - **Cost Analysis:** During the functional analysis of each plan alternative, initial cost estimates are prepared. **Chapter 12** 31. Wha is included in contract documents? - **Contract documents** include working drawings, specifications, and contract for the job. 32. What are the four drawings required for each floor of the building? - Floor layout - Electrical - HVAC - Plumbing systems **Chapter 13** 33. What tasks are involved in directing employees? - When directing employees, managers describe what work is to be done, how it is to be done, the quality of work that is required, and the expected rate of production. 34. What tasks are involved in correcting a project? - Correcting involves fixing problems and issues that occur during the course of a job. If a project falls behind schedule, additional workers may be hired to get back on schedule. **Chapter 14** 35. What parts of a project are analyzed in making a detailed estimate? - **Materials, supplies, labor, tools, and equipment are all analyzed.** - Material costs include the purchase price plus the transportation cost to get the materials to the site. - Tool costs include tools normally used on a construction site, plus any special tools, such as welding equipment, needed for the project. Equipment such as cranes and forklifts also add to the cost. 36. What costs must be included in addition to **wages paid to workers**? - Labor costs also include expenses such as payroll taxes, worker's compensation insurance, and benefits. Money to cover the cost of benefits must be included in labor cost. 37. Why is builder's **risk insurance and public liability insurance** necessary for contractors and owners? - Construction sites are dangerous. It protects the contractor and the owner against perils during the construction period. Perils include fire, lightning, vandalism, windstorms, hail, smoke, explosion, and riot. Also, protects contractors and owners against lawsuits resulting from injury, damage or loss that occurs on a construction site. **Chapter 15** 38. What is a schedule and what is its importance to managers? - **A schedule lists the sequence in which tasks will be completed.** - **Managers use the schedule to determine when workers, materials, and equipment are needed.** Adding information about daily progress to the planned schedule alerts managers to tasks that are not proceeding as planned. Corrective action can be taken to get the project back on schedule. The schedule can also be used to track the expenditure of money. Early identification of money problems improves the opportunity to solve the problems. 39. What is a critical path? - The path that takes the longest time to complete is the **critical path**. 40. What are **permits**, why are they required, and what are the types of permits required? - Permits are written documents that grant permission to a company to build, remodel, or repair. No work can be done until permits are issued. - At minimum a building permit will be needed. Special permits are required for plumbing, electrical, and HVAC system. Permits may also be required for driveway entrances from the street and for connections to the water, sewer, and natural gas mains.