Conservation Charter Word Document PDF

 #### WHAT IS CONSERVATION? - Multi-disciplinary process involving a team of many professionals, specialists in different fields, and crafts workers. - Preservation from loss, depletion, waste and harm. - **Means all th...

 #### WHAT IS CONSERVATION? - Multi-disciplinary process involving a team of many professionals, specialists in different fields, and crafts workers. - Preservation from loss, depletion, waste and harm. - **Means all the processes of looking after a place so as to retain its cultural significance. (burra charter,2013).** - **All operations designed to understand a property, know its history and meaning, ensure its material safeguard, and, if required, its restoration and enhancement. (Nara, 1993).** - **Is the protection and maintenance of historical and cultural sites by regulating human activity and not outright eliminating humans from the sites. (IEREK, 2013)** - **Shall refer to all the process and measures of maintaining the cultural significance of a cultural property including, but not limited to, preservation, restoration, reconstruction, protection, adaptation or any combination thereof. ("National Cultural Heritage Act of 2009")**   #### WHAT ARE WE CONSERVING?  MET) ---- #### WHAT ARE WE CONSERVING? #### WHAT ARE WE CONSERVING? #### WHAT ARE WE CONSERVING? #### WHAT ARE WE CONSERVING? Preservation ================================= - **Means maintaining a place in ts existing state and retarding deterioration. (burra charter,2013).** - **Retention of the existing form, material and integrity of site. (Appleton Charter,1983)** - **Preservation is the protection of historical and cultural sites from human impact and human misuse altogether. International Experts for Research Enrichment and Knowledge Exchange(IEREK, 2013)**  Restoration ================================ - **Means returning a place to a known earlier state by removing accretions or by reassembling existing elements without the introduction of new material. (burra charter,2013).** - **Recovery of an earlier form, material and integrity of a site. (Appleton**   #### WHY CONSERVE? - **Embodies or reflects the architectural, artistic, historic, economic, social, political and spiritual character of the people who produced it.** - **Symbol of our heritage and its continuity -** - **1877 -- Society for the Protection of** **Ancient Building's Manifesto** - **The first attempt to establish a coherent and logically defensible philosophy for building conservation.** - **The Manifesto consists principally of a plea to "put protection in place of restoration".** - **Founder William Morris & Philip Web** - **Society in England**  - **1931 -- The Athens Conference (Athens Charter)** - **1945 -- The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)** - **Promoted various Conventions and other instruments for the conservation of the** - **UNESCO created the idea of World Heritage to protect sites of outstanding universal value.** - **Recommendation Concerning International Competitions in Architecture and Town Planning (1956). Provides guidance for the drawing up of programs for international competitions, in the interests both of organizers and of competitors.** - **Recommendations on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations (1956). Deals with general principles and regulations governing excavations and the trade in antiquities.** - - **Recommendations Concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private Works (1968). Considers preventative and corrective measures which should be aimed at protecting or saving cultural properties from works likely to damage or destroy them, such as urban expansion and renewal projects, injudicious repair and modifications, highway works, agricultural operations, the construction of infrastructure and industrial development.** - **Recommendations Concerning the Protection at National Level of the Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972). Defines the terms cultural and natural heritage, and provides a lengthy consideration of general principles, the organization of services, and protective measures under the headings financial, administrative, scientific and technical.** - **Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972). Introduced** - **Recommendations Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas (1976). Another lengthy and detailed document which provides a comprehensive set of standards and principles for the conservation of the historic environment.** - **1964 -- Venice Charter (International Charter for the Conservation of Monuments and Sites)** - **An important modern milestone for the conservation movement.** - **The second International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments and Sites** - **The Venice Charter stresses the importance of setting, respect for original fabric, precise documentation of any intervention, the significance of contributions from all periods to the** - **The charter outlines the basic doctrine of what is now accepted to be an appropriate approach to dealing in philosophical terms with historic buildings.** - **1965 -- International Council on** - **1972 -- Resolution of the Symposium on the Introduction of Contemporary Architecture into Ancient Groups of Buildings** - **Stresses the need for appropriate use of mass, scale, rhythm and appearance, and** - **1975 -- Resolution on the Conservation of Smaller Towns.** - **Considers the potential threats to such places, which are detailed as: lack of economic activity, outward movement of population, disruption of structures due to insertion of new elements, and measures to adapt to modern activities. Methods of counteracting these threats are then considered.** - **Declaration of Amsterdam (Congress on the European Architectural Heritage)** - **Notes that the significance of the architectural heritage and the justification for conserving it are now more clearly perceived and considers processes that would place the conservation of the architectural heritage on firm and lasting foundations.** - **The importance of integrating conservation of the architectural heritage into the urban and regional planning process is identified as one of the most important factors.** - **1976 -- The Charter on Cultural Tourism** - **Considers the positive and negative effects of cultural tourism on historic monuments and sites.** - **1979 -- The Burra Charter ( The Australian ICOMOS Charter for the Conservation of Places** - **This Charter develops the principles detailed in the Venice Charter to suit local Australian requirements.** - **It includes a comprehensive list of definitions of items such as place, fabric, conservation, maintenance, preservation, restoration, reconstruction, adaptation and compatible use.** - **It also introduces the concept of cultural significance, the ' aesthetic, historic, scientific or social value for past, present and future generations', and requires this to be defined for each place, and conservation plans to be established and justified prior to any intervention.** - **It continues with a description of conservation principles and processes that are intended as a definition of good practice.** - **The Burra Charter is well established in Australia and is frequently used by the Australian Government in its formal capacity.** - **1982 -- The Florence Charter on Historic Gardens** - **Provides a definition of the term historic garden and the architectural compositions that constitute the historic landscape.** - **It emphasizes the need to identify and list historic gardens, and provides philosophical guidance on maintenance, conservation, restoration and reconstruction.** - **Tlaxcala Declaration on the Revitalization of Small Settlements** - **Considers initiatives for safeguarding communities living in small settlements and** - **1983 -- The Appleton Charter for the Protection and Enhancement** - **Considers levels of intervention in the historic environment, notes that respect for original fabric is a fundamental basis for the activities of protection and enhancement, and considers good practice in terms of documentation, avoidance of conjecture, distinguishability of new work, use of traditional materials and techniques, maintenance of patina, reversibility and respect for the integrity of the structure.** - **1982 -- The Florence Charter on Historic Gardens** - **Provides a definition of the term historic garden and the architectural compositions that constitute the historic landscape.** - **It emphasizes the need to** - **1987 -- The Washington Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns and Areas** - **1990 -- Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage** - **Considers the subject of archaeology under the following headings: definitions, integrated protection policies, legislation, survey, maintenance and conservation, presentation, re- construction, and international co-operation.** - **1992 -- Charter for the Conservation of Places of Cultural Heritage Value (ICOMOS New Zealand)** - **Provides comprehensive definitions of the processes involved in conservation and sets out principles to guide the conservation of places of cultural heritage value in New Zealand.** - **It aims to provide a frame of reference as guidelines for appropriate professional practice. Although written for use in New Zealand, the basic principles are generally applicable and follow the spirit of the Venice Charter.** - **1992 -- Preservation Charter for the Historic Towns and Areas of the United States of America (US ICOMOS)** - **Sets down a comprehensive statement concerning the importance of historic town, neighborhoods and places, and states what should be done to tackle preservation issues in a coherent and thorough manner.** - **1993 -- Guidelines for Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites.** - **The aim of this document is to promote the establishment of standards and guidelines for education and training in the conservation of historic buildings, historic areas and towns, archaeological sites, and cultural landscapes. It emphasizes the need to develop a holistic approach to heritage issues and sets out the relevant skills that are required.** I. **How Do We Choose What To Conserve?** ##### Cultural Mapping ##### Captured Interest ###### "SIGNIFICANCE" in Architectural Heritage Conservation C. Historical D. Aesthetic/Architectural E. Social F. Spiritual G. Scientific H. Others  ###### THOROUGH VALUE ASSESSMENT ###### NHCP CRITERIA - The structure should be a building, or any kind of structure known for its historical - The structure should be a building that is not just a tourist attraction but should serve as fitting tribute to the momentous events that occurred and the people who took part in defining moments of Philippine history.  B. **NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES CRITERIA** - Represents a masterpiece of Filipino creativity; - Bears a unique or at least exceptional testimony to Philippine cultural tradition (extinct or extant); - An outstanding or highly exceptional example of type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or - An outstanding or highly exceptional example of traditional human settlement which is representative of a culture or human interaction with the environment; - Associated with events or living or living traditions with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding or highly exceptional significance; - Building and structures at least 50 years old; must reasonably intact - 70% authentic; interiors must have been preserved most of its original furnishings; and architecture must be an excellent representation of artistic style or technique; - Contain superlative natural phenomenon or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance; - An outstanding or highly exceptional example representing major stages of Philippine geological history or - An outstanding or highly exceptional example representing significant ecological and biological processes; - Contains the most important and significant natural habitat for in-situ conservation of biological diversity; and - Plants and animals that are classified as holotype specimens.  - The structure is identified with and/or symbolic of eras or an era. - The structure is related to historical events; that is, it should have served as a venue for important events in history and been associated with important people. - The structure is an outstanding piece of architectural work. - The structure displays "uniqueness". - The structure is representative of a relevant architectural style. - The structure features elements that are related to Philippine culture. O - The structure has a physical relevance to or a "connection" with the community; that is, it carries an attachment to a group - The structure should serve or have served as a venue for various events/activities; thereby promoting and supporting Philippine culture. o - The structure should be or have been of spiritual importance to a community. O - The structure should have featured technology considered as innovative or advanced during its time.  LEYTE -----  IV. **Statement Of Significance** V. **What Is The Relevance Of Cultural Significance?** - Funding (Maintenance) - \- Protection from Demolition 1. a Symbol of Philippine culture; 2. a Celebration of Philippine Artistry and achievements; 3. a Legacy of our ancestors; 4. a Representation and good example of an Architectural style; 5. a Source of Pride and Inspiration; 6. a Provider of a "Sense of Identity" and the "Sense of Belonging to"; 7. a Reminder of what have transpired in the past; 8. a Source of priceless lessons; 9. a "Custodian" of memories; and/or 10. a Monument to Filipino values.  ### DEFECT MAPPING - a crucial process in the architectural heritage conservation process. It involves the systematic identification, documentation, and analysis of defects in historic structures. Defect mapping process       ### OBJECTIVES OF DEFECT MAPPING - Identify Problems: Observe structural, material, and - Identify Causes: Analyze factors that can cause - Document: Create a visual and written record of the present state of the structure - Prioritize: Set up a priority ranking of the tasks related to the conservation. - Track Changes: Be a reference point measure the 2. Types of Defects - Structural Defects: cracking, settlement, deformation, and foundation instability. - Material Deterioration: spalling, delamination, efflorescence, or reinforcement corrosion in concrete. - Moisture-Related Issues: rising damp, seepage, or water infiltration. - Biological Growth: mold, moss, or vegetation. - Surface Damage: erosion, abrasion, graffiti, or 3. Tools and Techniques for Defect Mapping - Visual Inspection: the most basic method for identification of apparent defects - Sketching and Notation: drawing maps with locations of defects marked. - Photography: recording of defects through photography to analy ze defects in detail. - Drones: High-resolution imagery for inaccessible areas. - Laser Scanning: Perfect 3D modeling of a structure to map its surface with irregularities. - Thermography: Infrared cameras - NDT (Non-Destructive Testing): Types of this technique