Technology for Teaching and Learning - Condensed Handouts PDF

LEARNING Technology for Teaching and Learning MATERIALS Basic Concepts in Technology For Teaching and Learning Technology –...

LEARNING Technology for Teaching and Learning MATERIALS Basic Concepts in Technology For Teaching and Learning Technology – It is the sum of techniques, skills, methods and processes used in the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Information and Communications Technology – is an umbrella term that includes any communication device, encompassing radio, television, cell phones, computer and network hardware, satellite systems and so on, as well as the various services and appliance with them such as video conferencing and distance learning. Educational Technology – is the combined use of computer hardware, software and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. It also creates, uses, and manages technological processes and educational resources to help improve user academic performance. Media – are the communication outlets or tools used to store and deliver information or data. Instructional Technology –is a systematic way of designing, carrying out and evaluating the total process of learning and teaching in terms of specific objectives. –is the branch of education concerned with the scientific study of instructional design and development. Technology Tools – refers to software, primarily, that can be used to develop or support online course content. Roles of ICT in Teaching for Learning Roles of ICT in 21st Century’s Teacher Education – ICT helps teachers in both pre-service and in-Service teachers training. – ICT helps teachers to interact with students. – It helps them in preparation their teaching, provide feedback. – ICT also helps teachers to access with institutions and Universities. – It also helps in effective use of ICT software and hardware for teaching-learning process. – It helps in improve Teaching skill, helps in innovative Teaching. – It helps in effectiveness of classroom. – It also helps in improving professional Development and Educational management as well as enhances Active Learning of teacher Trainees. – It is now replacing the ancient technology. As we know nowadays, students are always have competitive mind. So teacher must have the knowledge of the subject. This can be done through ICT. – ICT prepares teacher for the use of their skills in the real classroom situation and also make students for their future occupation and social life. TPACK (Technology, Pedagogy and Content Knowledge) Three major knowledge components form the foundation of the TPACK framework as follows: Content knowledge (CK) refers to any subject-matter knowledge that a teacher is responsible for teaching. Pedagogical knowledge (PK) refers to teacher knowledge about a variety of instructional practices, strategies, and methods to promote students’ learning. Technology knowledge (TK) refers to teacher knowledge about traditional and new technologies that can be integrated into curriculum. Four components in the TPACK framework, address how these three bodies of knowledge interact, constrain, and afford each other as follows: Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) refers to knowledge of the reciprocal relationship between technology and content. Disciplinary knowledge is often defined and constrained by technologies and their representational and functional capabilities. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is to Shulman’s (1986) notion of “an understanding of how particular topics, problems, or issues are organized, represented, and adapted to the diverse interests and abilities of learners, and presented for instruction” (p. 8). Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TCK) refers to an understanding of technology can constrain and afford specific pedagogical practices. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) refers to knowledge about the complex relations among technology, pedagogy, and content that enable teachers to develop appropriate and context-specific teaching strategies.  LEARNING Technology for Teaching and Learning MATERIALS ASSURE Model (Analyze Learners, State Objectives, Select Methods, Media and Materials, Require Learner Participation, Evaluate and Revise) Analyze your learners the first step in the process is that the teacher should analyse the attributes of her learners. There should be focus on those learner characteristics which associated with the learning outcomes desired. State Standards and Objectives after the analysis of the learner attributes, the teacher must state standards and objectives for the learning module. This statement consists of a specification of what the learners will be able to do as a result of the instruction. To concrete about things, this statement will focus on what the learner will know or be able to do as a result of the instruction. Select Strategies, Technology, Media, and Materials given what your learning objectives are, it’s necessary to pick instructional strategies, technology, and media that will bring about the results that you want. You should figure out what which delivery method will be best for your instruction. For instance, what proportion of your instruction will be instructor- centered and what proportion of will be student-centered? The first of these are strategies such as lecture, demonstration or showing a video. Utilize Technology, Media, and Materials this step is concern in making a plan as to how you will utilize the technology, media and materials that you have selected. As with all instructional steps, you must make sure that your plans contribute towards producing the objectives that you have laid down. Require Learner Participation this step actually belongs within earlier steps. It requires that you make plans to how you are going to actively engage your students in the material that you are teaching. This needs to be figured out both at the class level and the individual level. Evaluate and Revise this process is just as crucial as all of the others. In this, you evaluate the impact of your teaching on student learning. This includes an evaluation of your teaching strategies and the technology, media, and materials that you used. 21st Century Literacy Skills (Digital Literacy Skills (Media, Information and ICT Literacy) Digital Literacy – It is about being able to make sense of digital media. This occurs through meaningful and sustainable consumption and curation patterns that improve an individual potential to contribute to an authentic community. This includes the ability to analyse, prioritize, and act upon the countless digital media 21st century citizens encounter on a daily basis. – It means having the skills you need to live, learn, and work in a society where communication and access to information is increasingly through digital technologies like internet platforms social media, and mobile devices. – Communication is also a key aspect of digital literacy. When communicating in virtual environments, the ability to clearly express your ideas, ask relevant questions, maintain respect, and build trust is just as important as when communicating in person. 4 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL LITERACY 1. Comprehension- The first principle of digital literacy is simply comprehension- the ability to extract implicit and explicit ideas from a media. 2. Interdependence- it is how media form connects with another, whether potentially, metaphorically, ideally, or literally. Little media is created with the purpose of isolation, and publishing is easier than ever before. Due to the sheer abundance of media, it is necessary that media forms not simply co-exist, but supplement one another. 3. Social Factors- Sharing is no longer just a method of personal identity or distribution, but rather can create messages of its own. 4. Curation- ability to understand the value of information and keep in a way that makes it accessible and useful long-term. Media literacy Media literate is to engage in a digital society, one need to be able to understand, inquire, create, communicate and think critically. Media Literacy: Five Core Concepts – All media messages are constructed  LEARNING Technology for Teaching and Learning MATERIALS – Media messages are constructed using a creative language with own rules – Different people experience the same media message differently – Media have embedded values and points of view Information Literacy – It describes as set of abilities that enables an individual to acquire, evaluate, and use information. You can think of information literacy as having these components: identify, find, evaluate, apply and acknowledge sources of information. Instructional Design Models Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction Model helps trainers, educators, and instructional designers structure their training sessions. The model is a systematic process that helps them develop strategies and create activities for instructional classes.Gagne’s theoretical framework covers all aspects of learning. The focus of the theory is on intellectual skills. ADDIE Model is the generic process traditionally used by instructional designers and training developers. The five phases are Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. It represents a dynamic, flexible guideline for building effective training and performance support tools.ADDIE Model is outdated due to its hierarchical structure which means that one had to complete the process in a linear way. ADDIE is still the most commonly used in instructional design, especially for new development. Merrill’s Principles of Instruction draw from several instructional design theories and models, identifying and articulating the design principles on which these theories agree. A set of principles that can be found in most instructional design theories and models and even though the terms used to state these principles might differ theorists, the authors of these theories would agree that these theories would agree that these principles are necessary for effective and efficient instruction. ICT and Conventional Learning Materials to Enhance Teaching Learning Digital Learning Resources Digital Learning Resources have enhanced the way we learn, and taken learning from a closed classroom to a more collaborative and open environment. It is used to refer to materials included in the context of a course that support the learner’s achievement of the described learning goal. Four Types of Digital Learning Resources 1.Simulations and Models are usually equipped with interactive controls and activities where learners can vary any parameters in specific models and see time changes in the outcome. 2.Graphics and Animations have a high sharing potential, which enables the knowledge to reach a wider audience. 3.Quizzes and Games can be an innovative way to test the learners’ knowledge and moreover can modify as per the situation and the target audience. 4.E-books and E-notes are easily sharable and can be accessed almost anywhere allowing learners to stay in touch with a topic, at their convenience. Common Examples of Digital Learning Resources 1. Edmodo is an educational tool that connects teachers and students, and is assimilated into a social network. In this one, teachers can create online collaborative groups, administer and provide educational materials, measure student performance and communicate with parents. 2. Projeqt is a tool that allows you to create multimedia presentations, with dynamic slides in which you can embed interactive maps, links, online quizzes, and other options. 3. TED-Ed is an educational platform that allows creating educational lessons with the collaboration of teachers, students, animators and generally people who want to expand knowledge and good ideas. 4. eduClipper this platform allows teachers and students to share and explore references and educational material. 5. Kahoot is an educational platform that is based on games and questions. Through this tool, teachers can create questionnaires, discussions, or surveys that complement academic lessons. 6. Google Docs is a very powerful real-time collaboration and document authoring tool. 7. SurveyMonkey is online survey software that helps you to create and run professional online surveys. It is very powerful and a well-known online application.  LEARNING Technology for Teaching and Learning MATERIALS Conventional Learning/ C-Learning refers to conventional teaching and learning within a brick-and-mortar classroom facility. It also refers to traditional way of teaching wherein most of the lecture method is used. The emphasis here is mainly in remembering and reproducing facts, principles and theories of learning. Distance Learning (Synchronous or Asynchronous) Distance learning or distance education, e-learning, and online learning, form of education in which the main elements include physical separation of teachers and students during instruction and the use of various technologies to facilitate student-teacher and student- student communication. Various terms have been used to describe the phenomenon of distance learning (the student’s activity) and distance teaching (the teacher’s activity) together makes up distance education. Distance Learning occurs when the teacher and students interact in different places but during the same time. Students enrolled in synchronous courses are generally required to log on to their computer during a set time at least once a week. It may include multimedia components such as group chats, web seminars, and video conferencing and phone call-ins. Synchronous learning generally works best for students who can schedule set days and times for their studies. Examples include, instant messaging, video conferencing, webcams, MUDs, MOOs, and chat. Asynchronous Distance Learning occurs when the teacher and the students interact in different places and during different times. It is often relies on technology such as email, e-courses, online forums, audio recordings and video recordings. Snail mail is another medium for asynchronous learning. Examples include, email, texting, newsgroups, blogs and social media. Digital Citizenship -refers to the responsible use of technology by anyone who uses computers, the Internet, and digital devices to engage with society on any level. Seven Key Concepts of Digital Citizenship Empathy – when you want to teach students how to be good digital citizenship, the best starting point is teaching empathy. This is because empathy is crucial to understanding how people talk and behave online. How the Internet Works – the internet is an incredible network of interconnected servers and computers that direct web browser requests through a network of wired and wireless connections. Understanding User Data – user data is one of the most complex and concerning concepts in digital age. Just about every company with a website collects data on the people who visit it. That data may be as simple as the pages that someone views and it could be as complex as someone’s home address. Practicing Digital Literacy – digital literacy is the practice of reading information online and understanding what it means, where it originated, and whether it’s accurate. Acknowledging the Digital Divide – the digital divide is the disparity between those who have access to modern digital tools (like computers and the internet) and those who don’t. Practicing Digital Wellness – digital wellness is the practice of refraining from indulging in the internet and digital media for unreasonable amounts of time. Securing Digital Devices – the final element of becoming a good digital citizen is securing digital devices. This is the perfect capstone to digital citizenship classes because it takes everything students have learned and applies it to real-life scenarios. Intellectual Property Rights Applicable to the Educational Setting: Copyright and Related Rights Trademark – is any name, symbol, figure, letter, word, or mark adopted and used by a manufacturer or merchant in order to designate his or her goods and to distinguish them from those manufactured or sold by others. For example: Adidas, Nike, Converse. Trade secrets – are defined differently based on jurisdiction, but all have the following characteristics in common: As confidential information (as trade secrets are known in some jurisdictions), trade secrets are the “classified documents” of the business world, just as top-secret documents are closely guarded by government agencies. The secret formula for Coca-Cola, which is locked in a vault, is an example of a trade secret that is a formula or recipe. Since it has not been patented, it has never been revealed. Copyright – is a formal declaration that the owner is the only one with the right to publish, reproduce, or sell a particular artistic work. The protection of a copyright is granted by the government and covers original literary (writings), dramatic (stage and film) musical, artistic and other creations. Copyright includes: Patent – it is a right granted to an inventor by the federal government that permits the inventor to exclude others from  LEARNING Technology for Teaching and Learning MATERIALS making, selling or using the invention for a period of time. The patent system is designed to encourage inventions that are unique and useful to society. Patent Categories 1. Utility patents: the most common type of patent, these are granted to new machines, chemicals and processes. 2. Design patents: granted to protect the unique appearance or design of manufactured objects, such as the surface ornamentation or overall design of the object. 3. Plant patents: granted for the invention and asexual reproduction of new and distinct plant varieties, including hybrids (asexual reproduction means the plant is reproduced by means other than from seeds, such as by grafting or rooting of cuttings). Industrial Design Right – is a form of intellectual property right. These rights protect the visual design of the objects. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, containing aesthetic value. Digital Safety Rules and Netiquette Cyberbullying – is the use of the internet and related technologies to harm other people in a deliberate, repeated and hostile manner. Types of Cyberbullying 1. Flaming – online fights using electronic messages with angry and vulgar language. 2. Harassment – repeatedly sending nasty, mean, and insulting messages. 3. Denigration – “dissing” someone online. Sending or posting gossip or rumors about a person to damage his or her reputation or friendships. 4. Impersonation – pretending to be someone else by sending or posting material to get that person in trouble or danger or to damage that person’s reputation or friendships. 5. Outing – sharing someone’s secrets or embarrassing information or images online. 6. Trickery – talking someone into revealing secrets or embarrassing information, then sharing it online. 7. Exclusion – intentionally and cruelly excluding someone from an online group. 8. Cyberstalking – repeated, intense harassment and denigration that includes threats or creates significant fear. Digital Safety Rules to help you Avoid getting into trouble Online 1. Keep Personal Information Professional and Limited – potential employers or customers don’t need to know your personal relationship status at your home address. They do need to know about your expertise and professional background and how to get in touch with you. 2. Keep your Privacy Settings On – marketers love to know all about you, and so do hackers. As noted by Lifehacker, both web browsers and mobile operating systems have settings available to protect your privacy online. Major websites like Facebook also have privacy-enhancing settings available. 3. Practicing Safe Browsing – cybercriminals use lurid content as bait. They know people are sometimes tempted by dubious content and may let their guard down when searching for it. By resisting the urge, you don’t even give the hackers a chance. 4. Make Sure your Internet Connection is Secure. Use a Secure VPN Connection – your vulnerable endpoint is your local internet connection. Make sure your device is secure, and when in doubt, wait for a better time before providing information such as your bank account number. 5. Be Careful What You Download – a top goal of cybercriminals is to trick you into downloading malware-programs or apps that carry malware or try to steal information. This malware can be disguised as an app: anything from a popular game to something that checks traffic or the weather. 6. Choose Strong Passwords – passwords are one of the biggest weak spot in the whole internet security structure, but there’s currently no way around them. And the problem with passwords is that people tend to choose easy ones to remember such as 123456, which are also easy for cyber thieves to guess. 7. Be Careful What you Post – the internet does not have a delete key, any comment or image you post online may stay online forever because removing the original does not remove any copies that other people made. 8. Be Careful Who you Meet Online – people meet online are not always who they claim to be. Indeed, they may not even be real. Fake social media profiles are a popular way for hackers to cozy up to unwary Web users and pick their cyber pockets.