Computer System 2.0 PDF

What’s Ahead? Data Processing As data is in its raw form it cannot solve any problem. The data needs some processing to make it useful. Data processing is the conversion of data into a more useful form. That is, transmission of data into meaningful information is called data processing. Data is pro...

What’s Ahead? Data Processing As data is in its raw form it cannot solve any problem. The data needs some processing to make it useful. Data processing is the conversion of data into a more useful form. That is, transmission of data into meaningful information is called data processing. Data is processed by either analog or digital computer.  Data Vs Information Data Information refer to raw refers to processed materials like data. These data have letters, numbers, undergone operations sounds, images. and can serve as These are facts but input to other they do not subsequent necessarily have meanings. operations. The result obtained by data processing is called information. Electronic Data Processing (EDP) refers to the utilization of computer or information and communications technology (ICT) equipment in the processing, operation, and manipulation of data.  Data Processing Cycle Storage and Origination Input Processing Output Feedback 01 02 03 04 05 Data Processing Cycle Origination: The initial capture of raw data as transactions occurs. This stage involves collection, gathering and identifying data. Input: Data are collected and converted into a form acceptable for processing. It involves classifying, summarizing, sorting and coding of data. Processing: This stage refers to the electronic manipulation of data. In this stage, logical or mathematical operations are executed based on the required goals Output: This stage refers to the display of results from the process stage. It involves preparation of processed information into a format acceptable to the user for analysis or as input for a second cycle. Storage and Feedback: Sometimes there is a need to balance and counter check the result of the processes undertaken. As such the actual result is compared with the desired result. This stage also involves retention of the results of processed data for future use or retrieval. How Computer Communicate Human language or Natural language (e.g. English, Filipino, French, etc.) Binary language - computer recognized are 0’s and 1’s. Machine language – a language that computer understand (e.g. assembly language) Computer Number Systems Number Systems – are techniques to represent numbers in the computer system architecture Decimal number system – has ten digits from 0 to 9. Base-10. Binary number system – method of representing numbers that counts by using combinations of two numerals: zero (0) and one (1). With the prefix bi, which means 2. Base-2. Octal number system – Base-8. Has 8 digits from 0 to 7. Hexadecimal number system – Base-16. Has 10-digit number and 6 letters a total of 16 digits to represent its values. Computer Number Systems Source: http://www.brainkart.com/article/Different-Types-of-Number-Systems_33633/  How Computer Interpret Data With the different types of number systems, it is important to understand how computers interpret the letters on the keyboard through a series of 0’s and 1’s. This is normally done through the number system conversion. How Computer Interpret Data ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) TABLE  How Computers Communicate with One Another System Bus - is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data from a computer’s peripheral devices, e.g. monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc., to the CPU and the main memory. Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/system-bus-in-computers-definition-lesson-quiz.html  How Computers Communicate with One Another Control bus – it is used by CPUs to communicate with other devices within the computer system. It carries the signals that control the actions of the computer. Example: A user tries to copy a file from computer to a flash drive that is alread y removed from the computer, the computer will notify the user with an error message saying that the folder or destination drive is no longer in existing. Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/system-bus-in-computers-definition-lesson-quiz.html  How Computers Communicate with One Another Address bus – it is used by the CPU to specify a physical address for instructions, files, and other devices within the computer system. Example: A computer unit with 6-8 USB ports. The address bus is e responsible for determining which of thng ports has a printer connected to it, alo nd, with the mouse, keyboard, speakers, a sometimes, external drives. Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/system-bus-in-computers-definition-lesson-quiz.html  How Computers Communicate with One Another Data bus – can transfer data to and from the memory of a computer, or into or out of the CPU. Example: File transfer from computer to hard drive. Document sent to the printer. Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/system-bus-in-computers-definition-lesson-quiz.html  Computer Network System A computer network is an interconnection of two or more computers. This interconnection gives these computers the capability to share information and resources. There are several types of networks, mostly depending on the number of computers in it, how they are used, and what type of technology is used in its connectivity.  Computer Network System Personal Area Network (PAN) – a type of connection which is often limited to an individual person and his personal devices. Normally, these devices must within the range of 10 meters with each other. An ecosystem, in technology, is a family of devices and services that are all designed to work with one another. Like a real ecosystem, the relationship between these devices makes them stronger than they are on their own. Example: The Apple ecosystem.  Computer Network System Local Area Network (LAN) – a connection in which a group of computers and other devices share a common communication. Example: LAN connection on schools. LANs are often found in schools and offices to secure organization’s information. This is done thru computer server in which user’s access may be restricted to avoid unwanted users.  Computer Network System Wide Area Network (WAN) – a network that extends over a large geographical area such as state or countries. Example: The internet is one of the biggest WAN in the world. Methods of Communication Wired Communication – Different types of cables are used to connect to a given network. There are coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, Ethernet cables, and traditional telephone lines. Source: https://sites.google.com/site/superawesomedbsitgsibdatabase/chapter-2/parts-and-connectors Methods of Communication Popular Wired Connections: ▪ USB – Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a connection or interface that allows the computer to communicated with system peripherals—keyboard, mouse, etc. ▪ FireWire – a type of connector that can transmit data to and from devices which have typical high data rate. ▪ Ethernet cable – transmits signals between a computer and network devices such as router, switch, or other computers. ▪ HDMI – High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a connector transmitting audio/video data. Source: https://sites.google.com/site/superawesomedbsitgsibdatabase/chapter-2/parts-and-connectors Methods of Communication Popular Wired Connections: ▪ VGA – Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector has been provided on many video cards, computer monitors, laptop computers, and projectors. ▪ Serial – An RS-232 serial connection was once a standard feature of a personal computer. ▪ Parallel – similar to the serial connection, parallel connections were used before to connect other computer peripherals such as printers. ▪ PS/2 – a 6-pin connector used to connect the mouse and keyboard to a computer. ▪ Audio jacks – a 3.5mm jacks used for mic (as input) and speaker (as output). Source: https://sites.google.com/site/superawesomedbsitgsibdatabase/chapter-2/parts-and-connectors Methods of Communication Wireless Communication – wireless communica tions include microwave transmission, satellite communication, cellular transmission, and radio transmission such as WiFi connectivity. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer (IEEE), a professional technical association with members all across the globe, identified standard 802.11 for Wi-Fi and 802.15 for Bluetooth in the wireless standard. ▪ Wi-Fi – it uses radio waves to wirelessly transmit information across a network. Transmitted in frequencies between 2.5 and 5 gigahertz (GHz). ▪ Bluetooth – uses radio waves to connect to other devices. Connection via Bluetooth is called pairing. Range is typically 10 meters. Source: https://sites.google.com/site/superawesomedbsitgsibdatabase/chapter-2/parts-and-connectors How Human Communicate with Computers? Reading a long string of 0’s and 1’s can be very confusing and taxing. As such, people who invented the computer identified two areas in computer systems—computer hardware and computer software. Through computer software, humans are able to “communicate” with the computer. Computer Software – a combination of instructions, data, and programs that the computer need in order to do a specific task Programs are set of codes or instructions which are usually designed or written by computer programmers using a specific programming language. How Human Communicate with Computers? Two Types of Computer Software ▪Application Software - A group of related applications programs designed to perform a specific function, e.g. Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop, Google Chrome, etc. ▪System Software – also called operating system (OS). The most important software running in the computer since it manages the computer memory and instructions. Has the ability to control all the connected hardware and installed software applications. How Human Communicate with Computers? Two ways of Person to Computer Interaction ▪By using a command-line operating system (e.g., DOS) in which the computer responds according to the text command that is typed ▪With a graphical user interface (GUI) operating system (e.g., Windows) such as pictures and buttons through mouse clicks and keyboard entries. How Human Communicate with Computers? System Platforms Platform is a group of technologies that are used as a base upon which other applications, processes or technologies are developed. a platform is the basic hardware (computer) and software (operating system) on which software applications can be run. This environment constitutes the basic foundation upon which any application or software is supported and/or developed. How Human Communicate with Computers? System Platforms Computer Platform - is a system that consists of a hardware device and an operating system that an application, program, or process runs upon. Systems Software - System software refers to the files and programs that make up your computer’s operating system  Application Software Application Program Type Examples Word Processing Software Microsoft Word. WordPad, and Notepad Database Software Oracle, Microsoft Access etc. Spreadsheet Software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel Multimedia Software Real Player Media Player Presentation Software Microsoft PowerPoint, Keynote Enterprise Software Customer Relationship Management Systems Information Worker Software Documentation Tools, Resource Management Tools Educational Software Dictionaries: Encarta, Britannica Mathematics: MATLAB Others: Google Earth Simulation Software Flight and Scientific Simulators Application Software OpenOffice, Microsoft Office Software for Engineering and Product Development Integrated Development Environments IDE Online Application Software Application Software- Programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for users. Software Packages - is an assemblage of files and information about those files Online Application Software – Introduced with the improved internet speed being made available to consumers. ( Ex. Microsoft Office Suite, Google Docs, Google Sheets and Google Slides) Online Productivity Tools – for Data collection and analysis, especially on those marketing industries. (Online Survey) Online Application Software Popular applications available in the App Store and Google Play that can increase productivity, improve efficiency, and provide convenience Any.do -a scheduler and reminder notification app Microsoft Office Word, Excel, and PowerPoint - available for free download in both Android and iOS WPS Office - another office productivity suite that does the same as Microsoft Word, Excel, and Powerpoint Adobe Acrobat Reader - a PDF reader and annotation app which lets you view and sign PDF forms Microsoft Outlook - for reading emails, managing contacts, and calendar Newton Mail - for accessing all email accounts in one "unified inbox" 7. Forge - a mobile drawing app that allows the user to creates ketches and edit photos. Web hosting and web content management- used to create own blogs and websites through online tools. Wix.com and WordPress.com - two of the most popular website creation tools available online. Both tools offer blogging and website content management system (CMS). Users do no need to be programmers due to the simple and easy-to-use desi of the CMS. WordPress Wix Programming Uses PHP, HTML, and CSS Uses HTML5 Language used Development Uses web templates and Uses online drag and drop Process templates and template tools. processors  HOW COMPUTER S IMPACT EVERYDAY LIFE Education Elementary and Secondary schools and higher education institutions have computers in their classrooms. (Teachers, Students, researchers and school administrations) Used for research Enhanced teaching materials Electronic Learning (e- learning Newest teaching methodology which students and teachers can communicate. (MVLE, Moodle, Edmodo) Banking computer made all banking transactions around the world easier and more secure. Automated teller machine (ATM) Cheque Deposit Electronic fund transfer Direct deposit Pay by phone system Personal Computer Banking / Internet Banking Workforce Industry workers, researchers and administrations benefit from ICT. Computers are used to expedite production planning a control system. To support chain managements and to facilitate product design. Toyota Philippines Honda Philippines San Miguel Philippines Electronic Commerce c. ommerce helps boost the economy Customers and clients use computers to communicate with sellers. Hospitals Offers many benefits to both doctors and patients. Creating databases for patients for health records, treatment records and medical records. Used by doctors also for research development. Computers used also for laboratory tests results THAT’S ALL. THANK YOU  QUIZ Instruction write 1 if the statement is true and write 0 if it is false. 1. Information Refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research. 2. Hardware is also called programs. 3. This are all hardware devices (Mouse, Keyboard, Printer, Headset). 4. Liquid Emitting Diode(LED) 5. SSD is faster than HDD. 6. USB is small portable storage device. Typically, removable, rewritable and much smaller optical disc. 7. Media refers to means of communication that uses unique tools to interconnect among people. 8. Information refer to raw materials like letters, numbers, sounds, images. 9. ICT refers to Information and Computing Technology. 10. Machine Language is a computer recognized are 0’s and 1’s. 11. System Bus is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data from a computer’s peripheral devices. 12. Application Software - A group of related applications programs designed to perform a specific function. 13. Programs are set of codes or instructions 14. The Binary value of 1001 is 9 in Decimal. 15. The decimal value of 10 is 1010 in Binary.