Purposive Communication: Communication Process, Principles, and Ethics PDF

**Purposive Communication** **Communication Process, Principles, and Ethics** Communication is inevitable. Our need for self-expression leads us to communicate not only our thoughts but also our feelings. Communication may be done verbally or non-verbally. Communication is understood as the proce...

**Purposive Communication** **Communication Process, Principles, and Ethics** Communication is inevitable. Our need for self-expression leads us to communicate not only our thoughts but also our feelings. Communication may be done verbally or non-verbally. Communication is understood as the process of meaning-making through a channel or a medium. It comes from the Latin ***Communicares***, meaning to share or to make ideas common. The connection that encompasses interaction among partakers is at the center of your learning of communication. Everyone needs to relate with somebody to share feelings ,ideas, needs and information or just to establish and maintain relationships. At home, in a community, in school or in workplace a person has to engage in communication. Without effective communication, a relationship can break,a community will ruled with conflict and chaos, the workplace may not achieve industrial peace resulting to low production **The Components of the Communication Process.** To identify and understand the communication process it may help you become a better communicator: 1. Source 2. Message 3. Channel 4. Receiver 5. Feedback 6. Environment 7. Context 8. Interference 1. Psychological barriers are thoughts that hamper the message to be interpreted correctly by 2. Physical barriers include competing stimulus, weather and climate, health and ignorance of the medium. 3. Linguistic and cultural barriers pertains to the language and its cultural environment. Words may mean another in different cultures. 4. Mechanical barriers are those raised by the channels employed for interpersonal, group or mass communication. These include cellphones, laptops and other gadgets used in communication. **The Nine Principles of Effective Communication** Michael Osborn92009) claims that communication must meet certain standards for effective communication to take place. 1. Clarity 2. Concreteness 3. Courtesy 4. Correctness 5. Consideration 6. Creativity 7. Conciseness 8. Cultural Sensitivity 9. Captivating **Ethical Considerations in Communication** Ethical Communicators: 1. Respect audience. 2. Consider the result of communication 3. Value truth 4. Use information correctly 5. Do not falsify information. Activity: 1. Illustrate the communication process through a diagram 2. In what instances were the miscommunication and successful communication? 3. Give concrete communication situations when the following types of noise is evident. a. Internal noise b. External noise **Types of communication** Communication may be classified into two types based on two factors. One is based on the size of the receiver of the message and the other is based on the medium used. 1. Intrapersonal communication-is the communication you have with yourself. It involves your active internal involvement in the processing of the message thus becoming the sender and receiver in continuing feedback loop. 2. Interpersonal communication-it occurs between people usually in a informal setting.It offers the greatest opportunity for feedback because of the person s involved in the conversation have the most opportunity to check if the message is perceived correctly. 3. Small group communication -- occurs when a small group of people meet to discuss certain matters. Messages are usually more structured as he group meet for a specific purpose such as solving a problem or working for a project. 4. Public Communication- involves a sender conveying a message to a large audience.The channel used are more complex with the speaker /sender using visual aids while the opportunity for feedback is very limited. 5. Mass Communication-is communication transmitted by different media formats. message is disseminated to a huge, anonymous audience with whom the speaker has little or no connection. Medium Used Based on the medium used to convey the message, there are two types of communication: **Verbal and non-verbal** Verbal Communication-refers to the use of words in relaying a message either in oral or written modes.Oral communication is the process of giving information through a spoken word.Effective verbal communication takes into consideration several factors : Volume of the voice Pitch Rate Pauses Articulation and enunciation Pronunciation Inflection. **Nonverbal communication.** **Personal appearance**- it refers to how one appears before one speaks and how one approaches the podium. **Eye contact**-is another component of non-verbal delivery which refers to our visual contact with our audiences. **Facial expression**-refers to the movement of the eye, eye brows, and mouth. **Posture**- refers to the way speakers carries his or her body in front of an audience. **Gestures**-are movements, usually the hands but sometimes of the entire body, that expresses meaning and emotion or offer clarity to a message. **Proxemics**- refers to the distance or space that a speaker maintains between through the use space or proxemics. Nonverbal communication forms part of suprasegmental cues that enhance the delivery of the message and understanding of the audience. **MODELS OF COMMUNCATION** Communication is a process, and the formal description of this process is called model. Aristotle linear process- transmit message from the sender to receiver Types of communication model **S - Source** The source in other words also called the sender is the one from whom the thought originates. He is the one who transfers the information to the receiver after carefully putting his thoughts into words. How does the source or the sender transfer his information to the recipient ? It is done with the help of communication skills, Attitude, Knowledge, Social System and Culture. - **Communication Skills** - **Attitude** - **Knowledge** - **Social System** - **Culture** **M - Message** When an individual converts his thoughts into words, a message is created. **The process is also called as Encoding**. Any message further comprises of the following elements: - **Content** - **Element** - **Treatment** - **Structure** - **Code** **C - Channel** Channel - Channel actually refers to the medium how the information flows from the sender to the receiver. How does one know what the other person is speaking ? - Through **Hearing**. How does one know whether the pasta he has ordered is made in white sauce or not ? - Through **Tasting**. How does one know that there is a diversion ahead or it's a no parking zone? - Through **Seeing**. How will an individual come to know that the food is fresh or stale ? How do we find out the fragrance of a perfume ? - Through **Smelling**. How will you find out whether the milk is hot or not ? - Through **Touching**. All the **five senses are the channels** which help human beings to communicate with each other. **R - Receiver** When the message reaches the receiver, he tries to understand what the listener actually wants to convey and then responds accordingly. **This is also called as decoding**. The receiver should be on the same platform as the speaker for smooth flow of information and better understanding of the message. He should possess good communication skills to understand what the speaker is trying to convey. He should have the right attitude to understand the message in a positive way. His knowledge should also be at par with the listener and must know about the subject. He should also be from the same social and cultural background just like the speaker. There are several loopholes in the Berlo's model of communication. According to the berlo's model of communication, the speaker and the listener must be on a common ground for smooth conversion which is sometimes not practical in the real scenario. Activity 1.Why are nonverbal cues an important source of the meaning of a message? 2.How do you know that a message is correctly interpreted by the receiver? 3\. Which work best for mass communication?