Maintain Workplace Safety Information Sheet PDF
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HEART/NSTA Trust Garmex Academy
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Summary
This document details workplace safety procedures and policies for frontline supervisors. It emphasizes the importance of occupational health and safety in the workplace, particularly in Jamaica, where new legislation is being introduced.
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HEART Trust/NSTA Garmex Academy Business Management Supervision Level 3 UNIT/CODE: Maintain Workplace Safety UNIT DURATION: 20 Hours DOCUMENT TYPE: Information Sheet INSTRUCTOR:...
HEART Trust/NSTA Garmex Academy Business Management Supervision Level 3 UNIT/CODE: Maintain Workplace Safety UNIT DURATION: 20 Hours DOCUMENT TYPE: Information Sheet INSTRUCTOR: A Wray Introduction: This unit deals with the skills and knowledge required for the frontline supervisor to implement and monitor the organisation’s Occupational Health and Safety policies, procedures and programmes to meet statutory requirements. What is workplace safety? When we talk about workplace safety or occupational health and safety (OHS) we are referring to the practical ways we can make a workplace safe for all employees and employers. In the past, serious accidents and deaths have occurred simply because some workplaces were not a safe place to be. Accidents happen every day, but the law says that employers and employees must do everything possible to prevent this from occurring. Is it safe to work in an office? Usually – yes. Serious accidents rarely occur in office situations, but minor accidents occur every day; minor accidents that could be avoided if practical solutions were found and applied. Many businesses have gone bankrupt because of negligence in the workplace and having to pay employees compensation for their injuries. Occupational Safety and Health in Jamaica The Industrial Safety Section is the department with the responsibility to regulate the occupational safety and health in Jamaica. It is responsible to monitor and enforce the requirements of the factories Act. At this time, the Ministry of Labour, Social and Security of Jamaica is in the process of introducing new legislation entitled the Occupational Safety and Health Act. This Act will be more far reaching in its jurisdiction than the present Act. Occupational health and safety (OHS) legislation requires that employers provide adequate training and supervision for new and existing workers. An employer should provide information about hazards, safe work procedures, the health and safety policy and the arrangements for health and safety. Training should be part of the health and safety program and employers should correct any behaviour that could cause risk to health and safety. Workers have an important role in assisting a new worker and encouraging them to ask questions and raise any issues about health and safety. A new worker should be informed of the emergency GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 1 procedures for the workplace and told what to do if they are injured - including reporting requirements. Element 1: Assist incorporation of Occupational Health and Safety policy and procedures into the work team Health and safety education should start with employee orientation when an employee joins the organization or is transferred to a new job. Orientation sessions normally cover such items as explanation of the function of the work unit, organizational relationships, administrative arrangements, and miscellaneous policies and rules. Items related to health and safety that should be included are: emergency procedures location of first aid stations health and safety responsibilities, including those specified by legislation reporting of injuries, unsafe conditions and acts use of personal protective equipment right to refuse hazardous work hazards, including those outside own work area reasons for each health and safety rule A new employee can be expected to absorb only a certain amount of information in the first few days. A brochure outlining the points covered in the orientation sessions is useful as a handout to employees. It also serves as a checklist for the person conducting the orientation. A buddy system is a useful follow-up to the initial orientation. This allows for on-the-job reinforcement of the information presented to the new employee. This process promotes the safety awareness of the experienced workers who are the "buddies". Safety Policy A health and safety policy is a written statement by an employer stating the company's commitment for the protection of the health and safety of employees and to the public. It is an endorsed commitment by management to its employees regarding their health and safety. What are examples of responsibilities of management? Examples of responsibilities of management include: providing a safe and healthful workplace establishing and maintaining a health and safety program ensuring workers are trained or certified, as required reporting accidents and cases of occupational disease to the appropriate authority providing medical and first aid facilities ensuring personal protective equipment is available providing workers with health and safety information supporting supervisors in their health and safety activities GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 2 evaluating health and safety performance of supervisors What are examples of responsibilities of first-line supervisors? THE SUPERVISOR’S RESPONSIBILITIES Typically supervisors have responsibility for: Provision of information on relevant legal duties and responsibilities Awareness and implementation of policies and procedures: Letting the workgroup know about policies, e.g. smoking in the workplace. You are expected to know the answers to questions like ‘What is the procedure for hazard notification?’’ What is the fire safety policy?’ Hazard identification and notification: Your organisation’s procedures for hazard notification will identify the person to notify of hazards that have been brought to your attention by your team. Risk assessment: Provide information to management or OHS professional to assist them to assess the impact of hazards and the level of exposure. Controls: Ensure that controls are implemented and stay implemented. Evaluate the controls that are in place, what are your and the workgroup’s attitudes towards the control measures in place? Do you and your team have any views on how the controls can be improved? It’s up to you to pass them on. Encouraging participation and facilitating consultation: Get an answer or let people know what is happening. Encourage feedback, listen to people. Pass on opinions, views and ideas raised by the team. Administering procedures: Complete accident and incident reports. Manage information for the workgroup; if you don’t know the answer, look for it in your resource material. Coaching the workgroup: Think about how to make OHS training effective and relevant to the group’s needs. Discuss your views with the team, your managers and trainers. Follow up training by ensuring that individual team members apply their competencies to ensure their learning is adequate. What are examples of responsibilities of workers? Examples of responsibilities of workers include: using personal protection and safety equipment as required by the employer following safe work procedures knowing and complying with all regulations reporting any injury or illness immediately reporting unsafe acts and unsafe conditions participating in joint health and safety committees Identify behavior that contributes to a safe work environment Both the employer and employees in an organization can assist in establishing and maintaining job safety programs. They can contribute in this regard by adhering to the following: GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 3 Conducting training in safety practices Erecting safety signs in appropriate locations Keeping the surroundings clean Identifying and reporting any risks or hazards Using business equipment according to instructions Cooperating with employer in promoting and maintaining health and safety Workplace Procedures for Dealing with Accidents For legislative requirements and insurance purposes, all accidents and safety incidents must be reported via an incident report form. In the event of an accident/injury or hazard report the incident to the OHS Representative, immediate Supervisor and Head of Division/branch. A written report of the incident is required in the case of a legal issue resulting from the incident, or an insurance claim. All incident report forms should be submitted immediately to the appropriate personnel. They will be kept on file for up to five years for insurance and legal purposes. The report must be made regardless of any injury occurring. Safety Program A health and safety program contains the health and safety elements of an organization, objectives which make it possible for the company to achieve its goal in the protection of its workers at the workplace. Reasons for Health and Safety Programs or Policies in the Workplace There are several reasons why workplaces need a health and safety policy or program, including: to clearly demonstrate management's full commitment to their employee's health and safety; to show employees that safety performance and business performance are compatible; to clearly state the company's safety beliefs, principles, objectives, strategies and processes to build buy-in through all levels of the company; to clearly outline employer and employee accountability and responsibility for workplace health and safety; to comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Act; and to set out safe work practices and procedures to be followed to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 4 Risk is a situation involving exposure to danger. Hazard is defined as danger or risk Danger - is the possibility of suffering harm or injury; cause of harm or injury. Hazards can be grouped into five broad areas: physical e.g. noise, radiation, light, vibration chemical e.g. poisons, dusts biological e.g. viruses, plants, parasites mechanical/electrical e.g. slips, trips and falls, tools, electrical equipment psychological eg. fatigue, violence, bullying. Hazards can arise from: the work environment the use of machinery and substances poor work design inappropriate systems and procedures Recognising the hazards in a workplace and taking steps to eliminate or control the hazard ensures the safety and well being of all employees. It is easier and more effective to eliminate or control the hazard before serious injuries result. Some of the common hazards that are found in the workplace environment are: - spillage/slippery floors - equipment stored untidily - uncovered drains - cracked or broken tiles/ frayed carpets - built-up litter - sharp surfaces - broken glass, furniture and fixtures - unsuitable positioning of furniture - protrusion of sharp objects - defective electrical cords/trailing electric or telephone cords - malfunctioning equipment and tools - worn electrical insulators - overloading of electrical sockets - obstacles in walk ways/corridors - improper storage of hazardous substances Employer must eliminate any reasonably foreseeable risk to the health and safety of employees and others in the workplace and if this is not practicable must control the risk. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 5 Hazards can be dealt with by: eliminating the hazard changing the equipment or materials changing work methods using personal protection equipment (PPE) (as a last resort) If you work with an organization you must know the procedures that are in place for you to follow when it comes to hazards and risks. There are several hazardous situations which if detected early and corrected speedily, can significantly reduce the chances of accidents occurring. Risk control must be used to analyze the workplace, identify hazards, and develop strategies for overcoming these hazards. Your employer must ensure that working conditions are safe and that the welfare and health of all employees are protected at all times. Fig 1: Example of a Work Incident Report Form GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 6 GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 7 Identifying hazards The process of identifying and fixing potential hazards in the workplace is called hazard management - a simple procedure where you assess and control the risk of hazards to workers. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 8 Here are some safety guidelines to bear in mind when dealing with hazards: The source of the hazards must be eliminated Emergency and fire exits should be clearly marked, free from obstacles and kept open Emergency and fire evacuation procedures should be maintained Electrical wiring, cables conduits and plugs/wall sockets should be checked regularly There should be no electrical wires/cords trailing on the floor Workplace emergencies often require a medical response. The immediate response is usually first aid. First aid consists of life saving measures taken to assist an injured person until medical help arrives. Assessing the risk Once the hazard has been identified the next step in hazard management is to assess the risk created by the hazard. The following should be considered: The nature of the hazard and how it may affect the health and safety of workers. How many people are exposed to the hazard and how they are exposed. To what extent, how often and over what period of time a person is exposed. Risk assessment is the process used to determine the likelihood that people may be exposed to injury, illness or disease in the workplace arising from any situation identified during the hazard identification process. Risk assessments should also look at how the job is done, where it is done, what training and skills are needed to do the job and what control measures are available. A risk assessment includes: Inspecting the workplace. Testing (i.e. noise levels). Looking at statistics and data. Talking with people. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 9 Risks can be controlled by: Confining smoking to designated areas that are equipped with non-tip ashtrays and fire- resistant furnishings. Periodically checking electrical circuits/connections and replacing frayed or worn cords immediately. Making sure that extension cords and other accessories are UL approved and used only as recommended. (UL Underwriters Laboratories is a safety consulting and certification company headquartered in Northbrook, Illinois who ensure that equipment meets the standards and requirements to be used safely and effectively). Making sure there is plenty of airspace left around copying machines and other office machines that might overheat. Locating heat-producing appliances away from the wall or anything else that could ignite. Frequently inspecting personal appliances such as hotplates, coffee pots, and cup warmers and assigning a specific person to be responsible for turning off such appliances every day. Keeping aisles, stairwells, and exits clear of paper, boxes, and other combustible materials. Identifying and understanding ways to minimize risks. Making suggestions, requests, reports and concerns to management. Exhibiting behaviour that contributes to a safe working environment. Not ignoring warning signs. Following operating instructions when dealing with equipment. Taking actions to minimize risks. Controlling workplace hazards Once a hazard has been identified and the risk assessed, control measures should be put into place - ideally hazards should be controlled at their source. A simple list of control measures can be utilised - the hierarchy of control. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 10 Figure 2: The Hierarchy of control Hazard Risk Eliminate the hazard or risk Engineer out the problem Introduce administrative controls Provide personal protective equipment GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 11 Element 2: Support participative arrangements for the management of Occupational Health and Safety Make contributions to participative arrangements for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) management Each worker in the organization should see it important to make contributions to participative arrangements for Occupational Health and Safety issues. However, this should be made within organizational procedures and policies, and within the scope of responsibilities and competencies. For example: Workers should not smoke, drink or eat when operating any equipment Keep a copy of the operating manual with machine and follow the instructions given for regular cleaning. Do not remove machine before disconnecting it. Observe safety signs and follow instructions. Consultation with workers in workplace health and safety Consultation is defined as the sharing of relevant information on occupational health and safety where employees are given the opportunity to express their views and contribute in a timely fashion to resolution of occupational health and safety issues. Consultation means that employees’ views are valued and taken into account by the business. Consultation needs to be a two-way communication that allows for employees to contribute to the decision-making which affects their health, safety and welfare. Consultation is not the same as negotiation. Employers must consult with their employees in the following situations: when determining how the consultation process will take place in the assessment of risks and the review of risk assessments previously conducted when making decisions on the control of OHS risks in the workplace during the introduction or change of procedures used for monitoring risks, for example health surveillance when making decisions about the adequacy of welfare facilities when proposed changes are made to premises, work methods, plant or substances which may affect the health, safety or welfare of employees at work when making decisions about consultation procedures as prescribed by the Regulations from time to time. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 12 Element 3: Support the organization’s procedures for providing Occupational Health and Safety training Training Health and safety education and training is critical to making your occupational health and safety program work. While everyone benefits from health and safety training, your training plan must cover the health and safety training needs of workers and supervisors. Competency When a person can do what they are supposed to do they are said to be competent. Competency is about observable, measurable, repeatable performance of a task to the required standard. The OHS competencies of every person in the workplace may be summarized as: work safely, without risk to themselves or others implement and follow control measures within the workplace follow the procedures that make the organization’s policies a reality participate in hazard identification and risk assessment. Particular tasks or duties within a work team may require particular competencies, e.g. a forklift driver. As a supervisor you will assist managers, training personnel and employees in answering the question ‘Is he or she competent?’ You will contribute to making the judgment about whether a person is competent or not. This is called assessing competency. Competency has 5 dimensions covering all aspects of work performance: 1. task skills, performing tasks at an acceptable standard of skill 2. task management skills, managing the different tasks that together make up your job role 3. contingency management skills, completing a task when things go wrong 4. job role skills, interacting appropriately with others in the work place 5. transfer skills, adjusting to new situations. Coaching and mentoring These terms are not interchangeable. A coach has the skills and knowledge that the learner is developing or consolidating. A coach reinforces existing skills and knowledge by providing opportunity for practice. A coach encourages an individual to take responsibility for their own OHS and to contribute to the team. A mentor is a role model who will share their skills and experiences with the mentee who can explain and clarify. The mentor however will form a relationship with the mentee and help to guide the mentee over a longer period of time. A mentor must have the skills and knowledge that the learner is to acquire. The mentor is the expert, with experience that can be shared. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 13 A supervisor acting may ask an experienced member of the team to mentor/coach a new member of the group on the OHS procedures. Element 4: Participate in identifying hazards and assessing and controlling risks for the work area Hazard identification and hazard control This section looks at the management of workplace hazards. Hazard identification and control are two of the steps in a process of hazard management. The procedures in place in different businesses and organizations vary but usually first line supervisors have some responsibility for hazard identification and the implementation and evaluation of control measures. The most common way of ensuring that hazards are identified and effectively controlled is to regularly inspect the workplace using carefully prepared checklists. Inspections There are four reasons for carrying out workplace inspections: to identify hazards and notify workers to ensure that control measures are acted upon (controls implementation) to evaluate control measures and identify areas for improvement (controls evaluation) to provide an opportunity for participation and the giving and receiving of feedback. Here are some important points that you must note when identifying hazards: Following safe work procedures by identifying and reporting risks or hazards Use business equipment according to guidelines Understand workplace procedures and work instructions for identifying and reporting hazards Deal competently with any hazardous or potentially hazardous situations Listen to the ideas and opinions of others in the team Check equipment or workstation before and during work Make on-the job housekeeping checks Make regular workplace inspections The organization may designate personnel to help manage workplace safety procedures and practices. These designated personnel may include supervisors, managers, team leaders, Occupational Health Managers, Occupational Health and Safety representatives, other safety officers and other persons authorized or nominated by the specified work. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 14 Figure 3: A hazard management process Hazard identification Risk Assessment Development of Controls Controls Implementation Controls Evaluation Hazard identification The people who do a job, particularly those with experience, are the first source of information about hazards. Ask people to identify the hazards in the workplace. Notification When a hazard has been identified there will be a procedure for dealing with the hazard. The first stage of this procedure will be notification of the hazard. Who is to be notified, how will they be notified, how will the notification be recorded and acted upon and what other stakeholders will be notified? The answers to these questions will vary according to company size and other factors. The procedure will distinguish between hazards that are immediate and serious and those that can be managed over a period of time. It will distinguish between those that require work to stop and that people leave the area and those where a lot of investigation and thought will go into the development of controls. Part of effective systematic OHS management is a notification procedure. The first line supervisor is the most important link in any notification procedure. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 15 Hazard control Hazard control hierarchy Example Elimination or substitution Correct materials are ordered and received. A toxic substance is totally eliminated from the workplace. Engineering controls Ensure that equipment is operating correctly and that guards on machines cannot be removed. Administrative controls Job rotation and exercise procedures, to control overuse injuries, are implemented and maintained. Ensure that removable guards have been replaced following maintenance or cleaning. Training and education Ensure that learners practise what they have learnt and that everybody uses their skills regularly. Personal protective equipment Ensure PPE is used properly, and appropriately stored. Maintain supply of PPE. Maintain PPE in good condition. Are controls being implemented? This is part of a supervisor’s responsibilities. Checklists are popular. A checklist allows you to do three things: 1. Identify hazards 2. Check that controls decided upon (in accordance with the organization’s procedures) have been implemented and are consistently being applied. 3. Comment on the effectiveness of the controls. Consider the hazard of overuse injury. The employer has provided ergonomically designed office furniture and all staff have received training on the adjustment of the furniture, the reasons for the correct use of the furniture and exercise programs to control the hazard. Care For and Recommendation For Signage Specifications apply to the design, application, and use of signs or symbols that indicate and, insofar as possible, define specific hazards that could harm workers or the public, or both, or to property damage. All new signs and replacements of old signs shall be in accordance with these specifications. The word "sign" refers to a surface on prepared for the warning of, or safety instructions of, industrial workers or members of the public who may be exposed to hazards. There shall be no variation in the type of design of signs posted to warn of specific dangers and radiation hazards. All employees shall be instructed that danger signs indicate immediate danger and that special precautions are necessary. OSHA also regulates the safety of the actual sign design. Signs need to have rounded or blunt corners and cannot have sharp edges or projections. Red, black and white are the colours designated for danger signs. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 16 Caution signs. Caution signs shall be used only to warn against potential hazards or to caution against unsafe practices. Caution signs have a yellow background, and the panel is black with yellow letters. Text used on the yellow background must be black. Safety instruction signs. Safety instruction signs shall be used where there is a need for general instructions and suggestions relative to safety measures. How to Write an Incident Report Form Writing up a detailed and accurate report is an important part of doing your job correctly. A good incident report gives a thorough account of what happened without glossing over unsavory information or leaving out important facts. If you want to learn how to write an excellent incident report, keep reading. A. Follow Protocol 1) Obtain the proper forms from your institution. Each institution has a different protocol in place for dealing with an incident and filing a report. In some cases you're responsible for filling out a form issued by your institution, and in other cases you'll be asked to type or write up the report by hand. Once the form is filled out properly, you'll need to turn it in to the correct department. If possible, do your write up using word processing software. It will look neater, and you'll be able to use spell check to polish it when you're finished. If you write your report by hand, print clearly instead of using cursive. Don't leave people guessing. 2) Start the report as soon as possible. Write it the same day as the incident, if possible, because if you wait a day or two your memory will start to get a little fuzzy. You should write down the basic facts you need to remember as soon as the incident occurs, and do your report write-up within the first 24 hours afterward. 3) Provide the basic facts. Your form may have blanks for you to fill out with information about the incident. If not, start the report with a sentence clearly stating the following basic information: The time, date and location of the incident (be specific; write the department, floor, exact address/branch, etc.) Your name and ID number Names of other witnesses who were present 4) Include a line about the basic nature of the incident. Describe what brought to you to the scene of the incident. If you received a call, describe the call and note what time you received it. Write an objective, factual sentence describing what occurred. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 17 B. Describe What Happened 1) Write a first person narrative telling what happened. For the meat of your report, write a detailed, chronological narrative of exactly what happened. Use the full names of each person who is included in the report, and start a new paragraph to describe each person's actions separately. Answer the “who, what, when, where, and why” of what happened. Include an accurate description of your own role in the course of what occurred. Report how you handled the situation and its aftermath. Use specific descriptions. Follow your institution's protocol with regard to reporting on witnesses and evidence. 2) Be thorough. Write as much as you can remember - the more details, the better. Don't leave room for people reading the report to interpret something the wrong way. Don't worry about your report being too long or wordy. The important thing is to report a complete picture of what occurred. 3) Be accurate. Do not write something in the report that you aren't sure actually happened. Report hearsay as hearsay, not as fact. For example, if a witness told you he saw someone hit another person be sure it's clear that the incident was a witness account, and that it's not clear whether that actually happened. 4) Be clear. Don't use flowery, confusing language to describe what occurred. Your writing should be clear and concise. Use short, to-the-point, fact-oriented sentences that don't leave room for interpretation. 5) Be honest. Even if you're not proud of how you handled the situation, it's imperative that you write an honest account. If you write something untrue it may end up surfacing later, putting your job in jeopardy and causing problems for the people involved in the incident. Preserve your integrity and that of the organization you represent by telling the truth. GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 18 C. Proofread the Report before Submission 1 Edit and proofread your report. Read through it to make sure it's coherent and easy to understand. Double check all of the facts, including spellings of names, dates, times, addresses and so on. Make sure you didn't leave out any information that should have been included. Look for obvious gaps in the narrative that you might need to fill in. Check it one more time for spelling and grammar errors. Remove any words that could be seen as subjective, like words describing feelings and emotions. 2 Submit your incident report. Find out the name of the person or department to whom your report must be sent. When possible, submit an incident report in person and make yourself available to answer further questions or provide clarification. In situations where an incident report must be mailed or e-mailed, follow up with a phone call within a 10 day period to ensure that your report was received. Additional Note: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 19 REFERENCES 1. Retrieved on April 22, 2013 from http://www.mlss.gov.jm/pub/index.php?artid=15 2. Retrieved on April 22, 2013 from http://www.servicenl.gov.nl.ca/ohs/safety_info/si_safety_programs.html 3. Retrieved on April 22, 2013 from http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/EducationAndTraining/StudentsLessons/ IdentifyingHazards/stuHazardControl.htm 4. Retrieved on April 22, 2013 from https://www.det.nsw.edu.au/vetinschools/documents/OHS/Unit2/Unit2OHS.doc 5. Retrieved on April 22, 2013 from http://www.aeei.gov.sk.ca/setting-up-ohs-guide 6. Retrieved on April 22, 2013 from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0074712632/100322/sample_ch03.pdf GMX–ICT/MaintainWorkplaceSafetyInformationSheet/Version1.0/October 2019 20