CLE 8 2nd Quarter Exam Reviewer PDF

CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 who decides to either directly or T2.1: Sin and Grace stray away from indirectly. It can G...

CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 who decides to either directly or T2.1: Sin and Grace stray away from indirectly. It can God and from his cause direct harm We are called to follow Jesus within our or her calling as to others or create particular context. Following Jesus has God’s child. But sin an become more challenging because the is not just a atmosphere that moral fiber of our society has private, brings evil considerably been weakened by sin. individualistic act conditions to that harms the others. It injures WHAT IS SIN IN THE FIRST PLACE? sinner. both the sinner ➜A serious matter and the sad thing is, and the most of the time, we ignore it community. ➜A word, deed, or intention by which man deliberately and voluntarily offends ★For example, plunder and graft and against the true order of things, as God’s corruption, or stealing from public funds is a sin with both personal and social loving providence has arranged them. impacts. It makes people suffer because it ➜To sin means more than to violate some contributes to oppressive social and rules about which men have agreed. economic conditions. ➜Sin is ultimately “love of oneself even to the contempt of God” (St. Augustine), and SIN IS NOT SOMETHING WE IGNORE, in extreme case the sinful creature says. “I JOKE ABOUT, OR WORSE, GLAMORIZE! want to be like God” (Gen. 3:5). Sin hurts us and our relationship with God ➜Just as sin burdens us with guilt, wounds and with others. us, and by its consequences ruins us, so Its effect depends on its gravity, that is, too it poisons the world in which we live. whether it is mortal or venial. WHAT REALLY IS SIN? HOW CAN WE DISTINGUISH SERIOUS (MORTAL) SINS FROM LESS SERIOUS ➜Sin is a moral attitude or action that (VENIAL) SINS? leads us into evil, which separates us from our true selves, our neighbors, and God. Serious sin destroys the divine power of ➜It becomes “addictive” and weakens our love in a person’s heart, without which power of resistance. there can be no eternal beatitude. Hence it is also called mortal sin. Serious sin breaks with God, whereas Sin is always But is also has a venial sin only strains the relationship personal social dimension with Him. It is the person It can affect himself or herself others as well, Mortal Sin Venial Sin  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 ➜It is something ➜Sins that simply serious and we act hurt or harm our with sufficient relationship with knowledge God and with and full consent. others. HOW CAN A PERSON BE DELIVERED ➜Its gravity ➜They must not be FROM A SERIOUS SIN AND REUNITED causes us to be taken lightly WITH GOD? separated from because they In order to heal the break with God that God, from offend God. is caused by a serious sin, a Catholic ourselves, and from ➜Their constant Christian must be reconciled with God others. commission through Confession. ➜It causes us to be weakens us and excluded from the we may eventually ARE WE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SINS Kingdom of God. be led to commit OF OTHER PEOPLE? mortal sin. No, we are not responsible of other people’s sins, unless we are guilty of: ★ Misleading them Sin of commission ★ Seducing another person to sin ➜Involves the willful act of doing ★ Cooperating in it something that violates God's commands. ★ Encouraging someone else to sin ➜It involves stealing, lying, and killing ★ Neglecting to offer a timely warning or help Sin of omission ➜Involves not doing what is right or failing Sin is real but the Grace of God is greater to do as instructed. than any other sin. ➜It involves neglecting those in need, “Only someone who has seriously and avoiding prayer. meditated on how heavy the Cross is can understand how serious sin is” -St. Anselm of Canterbury WHAT IS GRACE? ➜By grace we mean God’s free loving gift to us, his helping goodness, the vitality that comes from him. ➜Grace is everything that God grants us, without our deserving it in the least. ➜“Grace is being looked upon by God, our being touched by His love”-Pope Benedict XVI  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 WHAT DOES GOD’S GRACE DO TO US? state, or religious state. ➜God's grace brings us into the inner life of the Holy Trinity, into the exchange of love between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. T2.2: Christian Values ➜It makes us capable of living in God’s love and of acting on the basis of this love. As followers of Jesus, we need to develop good habits in order to master the skill of doing good and overcoming sin. These good habits are called virtues. WHAT DOES GOD’S GRACE DO TO US? Supernatural Grace ➜Infused in us from above and cannot be explained in terms of natural causes. WHAT IS MEANT BY A VIRTUE? Sanctifying Grace Virtue ➜Makes us, especially through baptism, ➜An interior disposition, a positive habit, children of God and heirs of Heaven. a passion that has been placed at the service of the good. Habitual Grace The Catechism of the Catholic Church ➜Bestows on us a permanent habit to defines virtue as “a habitual and firm do good. disposition to the good” (CCC 1803) This definition of virtue from CCC reveals Actual Grace its ➜Helps us to know, to will, and to do three important characteristics, namely, everything that leads us to do what is consistency, ease, and joy. good, to God, and to Heaven. Think of virtue as a skill that enables one to do the right thing easily and to love God Sacramental Grace and neighbors as if it were second ➜Comes about in a special way in the nature. sacraments Jesus instituted. WHY DO WE HAVE TO WORK TO FORM Charisms OUR CHARACTER? ➜It is manifested also in special gifts of grace that are granted to individual We must work at forming our character Christians. so that we can freely, joyfully, and easily accomplish what is good. Grace of State ➜Special powers that are promised to HOW DOES A PERSON BECOME those in the stage of marriage, ordained  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 PRUDENT (PRUDENCE)? must sacrifice even his own life for it. A person becomes prudent by learning to It is a higher form of courage. It distinguish what is essential from what is strengthens non-essential, to set the right goals and to the resolve to resist temptation and to choose the best means of attaining them. overcome obstacles in moral life. The virtue of prudence directs all other virtues for prudence is the ability to WHY IS IT VIRTUOUS TO BE MODERATE recognize what is right. (TEMPERANCE)? Moderation is a virtue because Cardinal Virtues immoderate ➜They are called cardinal because they behavior proves to be a destructive function like hinges (“cardo”) to a door. force ➜Without hinges, a door would fall of, in in all areas of life. the same way our moral life would collapse Someone who is immoderate abandons without these virtues. himself to the the rule of his impulses, ➜Prudence, justice, fortitude, offends others by his inordinate desires, temperance. and harms himself Theological Virtues ➜They relate directly to God who directly infuses these three virtues into the soul. HOW DOES ONE ACT JUSTLY(JUSTICE)? ➜They make the believers capable of One acts justly by always making sure to living as God’s children and meritting give to God and to one’s neighbor what is eternal life. due to them. ➜They are faith, hope, and love. Justice is concerned with equity and longs to WHAT ARE THE THREE SUPERNATURAL see people get that to which they are VIRTUES? entitled. The supernatural virtues are faith, hope, We must allow justice to govern our and love. relations with God also and give Him what They are called supernatural because is His: our they have their foundation in God, are love and worship. directly related to God, and for us men the way by which we can reach God directly. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO HAVE Faith FORTITUDE (FORTITUDE)? ➔Faith is the power by which we assent to Someone who practices fortitude God, acknowledge His truth, and commit perseveres ourselves personally to Him. in his commitment to the good, once he ➔ Faith is the virtue that gives us the recognized it, even if in extreme case he power to believe in God, in all that He has  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 revealed, and in all that the Church proposes for our belief. ➔ Our faith must also be accompanied with good work. “Faith without works is dead” (James 2:26). T2.3: The First Commandment Hope ➔Trusting in what God has promised us in creation, in the prophets, but especially WHAT ARE THE TEN COMMANDMENTS? in Jesus Christ, even though we do not see it yet. 1. I am the Lord your God: you shall not ➔God’s Holy Spirit is given to us so that have strange gods before me. we can patiently hope for the Truth. 2. You shall not take name of the Lord ➔St. Paul tells us “Hope does not your disappoint God in vain. (Romans 4:18) 3. Remember to keep holy the Lord’s day. Charity (love) 4. Honor your father and your mother. 5. You shall not kill. ➔ Charity is the power by which we, who 6. You shall not commit adultery. have 7. You shall not steal. been loved first by God, can give ourselves 8. You shall not bear false witness to against God so as to be united with Him and can your neighbor. accept 9. You shall not covet your neighbor’s our neighbor for God’s sake as wife. unconditionally 10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s and sincerely as we accept ourselves. goods. ➔ Charity, love, is the greatest virtue. It is the energy that inspires all the other The Ten Commandments are not found virtues and fills them with divine life. in precisely that form in Sacred Scripture. Although the text is based on two ➔ We grow in virtues through Christ who biblical sources: Exodus 20:2-17 and offers us the grace we need in order to Deuteronomy 5:6-21. persevere in the pursuit of virtues. Centuries ago the two sources were ➔ This grace comes to us through prayer, summarized for instructional purposes, the Sacraments, and the help of the Holy and the Ten Commandments were Spirit. presented to the faithful in the present form of the catechetical tradition. AREN’T THE TEN COMMANDMENTS  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 OUTMODED? No, the Ten Commandments are by no WHY DO WE WORSHIP GOD? means the product of a particular time. Worship They express man’s fundamental ➔We worship God because He exists obligations toward God and neighbor, and because reverence and worship which are always and everywhere valid. are the appropriate response to His revelation and His presence. THE FIRST COMMANDMENT ➔ “You shall worship the Lord your God “I am the Lord, your God. You shall not and Him only shall you serve” (Matthew have strange gods before me" 4:10) ➔Worshipping God, however, is also beneficial to men, for it frees them from ➤This commandment is the “first” not just servitude to the powers of this world. because it heads the list but because it is ➔ When God is no longer worshipped the most important. and ➤From it all the other commandments are when he is no longer thought to be Lord derived and governed. over life and death, others assume that ➤To know and love God, and gratefully position and put human dignity at risk. accept His lordship, is the foundation of all Christian moral life. CAN PEOPLE BE FORCED TO BELIEVE IN GOD? WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE No. No one may force others to believe, COMMANDMENT “I AM THE LORD, YOUR not even one own’s children, just as no one GOD” (EX. 20:2)? may be forced to be an unbeliever. ➔Because the Almighty has revealed A person can make the decision to Himself to us as our God and Lord, we believe only in complete freedom. must not place anything more important Christians, however, are called to help or give any other thing or person priority other over Him. people, by word and example, to find the ➔To know God and to serve and worship way Him has absolute priority in our life. to faith. ➔God expects us to give Him our full faith; we should place all our hope in Him and “YOU SHALL NOT HAVE STRANGE gods direct all the strength of our love to Him. BEFORE ME.” WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? To adore gods and pagan deities or to The First Commandment expresses our worship an earthly idol or to devote duty of worship. oneself to some earthly good money, influence,success, beauty, Worship youth, and so on. ➔The recognition of God’s Lordship expressed in filial devotion and service THE FIRST COMMANDMENT FORBIDS  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 US: against images was repealed in Christianity. Superstitious ➤By Jesus’ Incarnation, God is no longer →To adhere to magic, or occult or absolutely unimaginable; after Jesus we New Age practices or to get involved with can fortune telling or spiritualism, instead of picture what He is like. believing in God’s power, providence, and blessings. T2.4: The Second Commandment Provoke God →To provoke God in word or deed; by demanding signs, complaining (CFC 888). Second Commandment: “You shall not →Example: Second Temptation to Jesus take the name of the Lord your God in vain” Sacrilege →Violating sacred places, things, persons; ➔ We must know the meaning of “name” desecration of something sacred. in the Hebrew culture. For the Jews the name was the person. To give someone a Simony name means to say something about the →To acquire a spiritual power through person. corruption and to desecrate what is holy ➔ Therefore, the second commandment through simony calls us to reverence God Himself, the →selling or buying spiritual goods for Transcendent, the Holy One. When we one’s own benefit. Example: Simon the magician, Selling of disrespect or insult God’s name, we insult Indulgences. or disrespect the very person of God. WHY DOES THE OLD TESTAMENT FORBID IMAGES OF GOD, AND WHY DO WHY DOES GOD WANT US TO WE CHRISTIANS NO LONGER KEEP “HALLOW” HIS NAME? THAT COMMANDMENT? ➔ To tell someone your name is a sign of ➤In order to protect the mystery of God trust. and ➔ Since God has told us His name, He to set the people of Israel apart from the makes Himself recognizable and grants us idolatrous practices of the pagans, the access to Him through this name. First Commandment says, “You shall not ➔ One must not pronounce the name of make for yourself a graven image” God (Exodus 20:4). irreverently for we know Him only because ➤However, since God Himself acquired a He human face in Jesus Christ, the prohibition has entrusted Himself to us (YouCat 359)  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 ➔ The Holy Name is the key to the heart ourselves under the protection of the of the Almighty. Therefore, it is a terrible Triune God. offense to blaspheme God, to curse using God’s name, Calling upon the name of the Triune God or to make false promises in His name. sanctifies the things we set out to do; it ➔ The Second Commandment is obtains blessings for us and strengthens us therefore also a commandment that in difficulties and temptations. protects “holiness” in general. ➔Places, things, names, and people who WHAT THE SECOND COMMANDMENT have been “touched” by God are “holy”. PROHIBITS? ➔Sensitivity to what is holy is called reverence. ➔The Second Commandment compels us to reject all speech against God Himself The Second Commandment also enjoins us such as blasphemy, cursing, and false to respect the name of others. This is oaths. because when we were baptized, we receive Christian names, which means that ★ Blasphemy →The use of the name of our names become sacred. God in an offensive way. ★ False Oaths →Calling on God to be a WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR A CHRISTIAN witness to a lie. TO BE BAPTIZED WITH A PARTICULAR ★ Perjury →When one makes a promise NAME? under oath without the intention of ➔“In the name of the Father and of the keeping it. It is against God who is always Son and of the Holy Spirit”, the person is faithful to His promises. baptized with a name. ➔Christians treat the name of a person Example: reverently because the name is profoundly connected with that person’s identity and dignity. ➔From time immemorial Christians have selected names for their children from the list ➔Forbids us from using God’s name to of the saints. bring down misfortune on others and ➔They do so in the belief that the patron every improper and offensive use of the saint is an example for them and will name of God, Jesus, Mary, and the saints. intercede with God for them in a special way. Example: WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE SIGN OF THE CROSS? Through the Sign of the Cross we place  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 Year ends with the Last Saturday of Ordinary Time (Saturday after Christ the King). ➔The Liturgical Year begins on the T2.5/Supplementary Lesson: The First Sunday of Advent. Liturgical Calendar WHAT IS THE LITURGICAL YEAR? ★Advent Season The Liturgical Year, or the Church year, ➔Begins on the eve of 4th Sunday, before superimposes the mysteries of the life of Christmas until Christmas Eve. Christ—from His Incarnation to His Second ➔Time for preparation and time of waiting Coming in glory—on the normal course of ➔During Advent, the church celebrates the year. (YouCat 186) God's coming among us: It is a time for preparation and time of LITURGICAL SEASONS waiting, we prepared our hearts to receive ➔Our journey to God and transformation Jesus. our lives We get ready to remember Jesus' birth on Christmas Day Liturgical Year We remember Jesus' promise to come ➔The cycle of season and great feasts again. that make up the church’s year of worship. Provides us with an opportunity to ➔THE Liturgical Colors embrace sacred time. highly symbolic and reflect the mood of that particular system. ➔The main seasons of the Church year are: ★Advent ★Christmas ★Lent ★Easter Triduum ★Ordinary Time ➔All of the liturgical seasons are about: a.) Our journey to God b.) Transformation of our lives ★Christmas Season ➔Jesus comes and lives among us. Christmas Season begins on Christmas Eve, ➔The Liturgical and continues until the feast of Baptism of  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 the Lord, We remember and celebrate that the Son ➔After the celebration of the Feast of the of God Jesus the Savior came and lives Baptism of the Lord, Ordinary Time begins. among us Ordinary does not mean plain. The name comes from "ordinal" meaning "showing Christmas Eve order, denoting an order of succession." It Through the feast of the baptism of the Lord. is used in this sense to refer to the order of the counted weeks. That is to say, it is a CHRISTMAS SEASON runs season of counted weeks. a) From Christmas Eve Evening, ➔Ordinary Time after Baptism focuses on b) through the day before the feast of the the early life and childhood of Christ, and Baptism of the Lord, then on His public ministry. c) which after the EPIPHANY. ➔The liturgical color of Ordinary Time is green The Baptism of the Lord: This feast day moves, but it's never before the Epiphany. ★Lent Season ➔The season of Lent begins with Ash Wednesday and lasts until the final Saturday before Easter, Holy Saturday. ➔Lent is a penitential season. It recalls the 40 days Jesus spent in the desert, and the 40 years the Israelites wandered in the desert. ➔Lent focuses on the events leading up to Christ's passion, and finally on the Passion itself. THE SEASONS IN THE LITURGICAL ➔Lent is 40 days long. This does not CALENDAR include Sundays, as Sunday is always a day for rejoicing in the Resurrection. Altogether, it covers 46 calendar days, the 40 days plus the six Sundays. ➔The liturgical colors of Lent are violet or purple ★Easter Season ➔The Easter season begins with the Easter Vigil, which is celebrated after ★Ordinary Time (short) night falls on the evening before Easter ➔After the Baptism: Monday after the Sunday. The season of Easter is a joyous, Feast of the Baptism through Shrove celebratory season. Tuesday ➔It begins with celebrating Christ's resurrection and ends by celebrating the  CLE 8 2nd Quarter ST. BENEDICT A.Y. 2024 – 2025 descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles and other followers of Jesus. Christ's ascension into Heaven is celebrated just prior to Pentecost. ➔The Easter season last 50 days, from Easter Sunday through Pentecost. ➔The liturgical colors of Easter are white, for most days, and red for Pentecost. ★Ordinary Time (long) ➔The second period of Ordinary Time is the longest liturgical season. Ordinary Time resumes after Pentecost and runs until the final Saturday before Advent. ➔This period of Ordinary Time focuses on Christ's reign as King of kings, and on the age of the Church. This is the age we live in now, which is the time between the age of the Apostles and the age of Christ's second and final coming for which we are ever preparing. ➔The final Sunday in Ordinary Time is the Feast of Christ the King; the Saturday after this feast is the final day of Ordinary time. ➔The liturgical color of Ordinary Time is green