Gr. 8 CLE Reviewer 2 PDF

🌟 2nd Qtr  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 It is the person It can affect others T2.1: Sin and Grace himself or herself as well, either...

🌟 2nd Qtr  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 It is the person It can affect others T2.1: Sin and Grace himself or herself as well, either who decides to stray directly or away from God and indirectly. It can from his or her calling cause direct harm to We are called to follow Jesus within our as God’s child. But others or create an particular context. Following Jesus has sin is not just a atmosphere that become more challenging because the moral private, individualistic brings evil conditions fiber of our society has considerably been act that harms the to others. It injures weakened by sin. sinner. both the sinner and the community. WHAT IS SIN IN THE FIRST PLACE? ➜A serious matter and the sad thing is, most ★For example, plunder and graft and of the time, we ignore it corruption, or stealing from public funds is a ➜A word, deed, or intention by which man sin with both personal and social impacts. deliberately and voluntarily offends against It makes people suffer because it contributes to the true order of things, as God’s loving oppressive social and economic conditions. providence has arranged them. SIN IS NOT SOMETHING WE IGNORE, ➜To sin means more than to violate some JOKE ABOUT, OR WORSE, GLAMORIZE! rules about which men have agreed. ➜Sin is ultimately “love of oneself even to Sin hurts us and our relationship with God contempt of God” (St. Augustine), and in and with others. extreme case the sinful creature says. “I Its effect depends on its gravity, that is, want to be like God” (Gen. 3:5). whether it is mortal or venial. ➜Just as sin burdens us with guilt, wounds HOW CAN WE DISTINGUISH SERIOUS us, and by its consequences ruins us, so (MORTAL) SINS FROM LESS SERIOUS too it poisons the world in which we live. (VENIAL) SINS? WHAT REALLY IS SIN? Serious sin destroys the divine power of love in a person’s heart, without which there can be no eternal beatitude. Hence it is also called ➜Sin is a moral attitude or action that leads us mortal sin. into evil, which separates us from our true Serious sin breaks with God, whereas venial selves, our neighbors, and God. sin only strains the relationship with Him. ➜It becomes “addictive” and weakens our power of resistance. Sin is always But is also has a Mortal Sin Venial Sin personal social dimension ➜It is something ➜Sins that simply  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 serious and we act hurt or harm our HOW CAN A PERSON BE DELIVERED with sufficient relationship with FROM A SERIOUS SIN AND REUNITED knowledge God and with WITH GOD? and full consent. others. ➜Its gravity causes ➜They must not be In order to heal the break with God that is us to be separated taken lightly caused by a serious sin, a Catholic Christian from God, from because they offend must be reconciled with God through ourselves, and from God. Confession. others. ➜Their constant ➜It causes us to be commission ARE WE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SINS excluded from the weakens us and we OF OTHER PEOPLE? Kingdom of God. may eventually be No, we are not responsible of other people’s led to commit mortal sins, unless we are guilty of: sin. ★ Misleading them ★ Seducing another person to sin ★ Cooperating in it ★ Encouraging someone else to sin Sin of commission ★ Neglecting to offer a timely warning or help ➜Involves the willful act of doing something that violates God's commands. ➜It involves stealing, lying, and killing Sin is real but the Grace of God is greater than any other sin. “Only someone who has seriously Sin of omission meditated on how heavy the Cross is can ➜Involves not doing what is right or failing to understand how serious sin is” -St. Anselm do as instructed. of Canterbury ➜It involves neglecting those in need, and avoiding prayer. WHAT IS GRACE? ➜By grace we mean God’s free loving gift to us, his helping goodness, the vitality that comes from him. ➜Grace is everything that God grants us, without our deserving it in the least. ➜“Grace is being looked upon by God, our being touched by His love”-Pope Benedict XVI WHAT DOES GOD’S GRACE DO TO US? ➜God's grace brings us into the inner life of the Holy Trinity, into the exchange of love between Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. ➜It makes us capable of living in God’s love and of acting on the basis of this love.  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 WHAT DOES GOD’S GRACE DO TO US? WHAT IS MEANT BY A VIRTUE? Supernatural Grace Virtue ➜Infused in us from above and cannot be ➜An interior disposition, a positive habit, a explained in terms of natural causes. passion that has been placed at the service of the good. Sanctifying Grace The Catechism of the Catholic Church defines ➜Makes us, especially through baptism, virtue as “a habitual and firm disposition to children of God and heirs of Heaven. the good” (CCC 1803) This definition of virtue from CCC reveals its Habitual Grace three important characteristics, namely, ➜Bestows on us a permanent habit to do consistency, ease, and joy. good. Think of virtue as a skill that enables one to do the right thing easily and to love God and Actual Grace neighbors as if it were second nature. ➜Helps us to know, to will, and to do everything that leads us to do what is good, to WHY DO WE HAVE TO WORK TO FORM God, and to Heaven. OUR CHARACTER? Sacramental Grace We must work at forming our character so ➜Comes about in a special way in the that we can freely, joyfully, and easily sacraments Jesus instituted. accomplish what is good. Charisms HOW DOES A PERSON BECOME ➜It is manifested also in special gifts of PRUDENT (PRUDENCE)? grace that are granted to individual Christians. Grace of State A person becomes prudent by learning to ➜Special powers that are promised to distinguish what is essential from what is those in the stage of marriage, ordained state, non-essential, to set the right goals and to or religious state. choose the best means of attaining them. The virtue of prudence directs all other virtues for prudence is the ability to recognize what is right. T2.2: Christian Values Cardinal Virtues ➜They are called cardinal because they As followers of Jesus, we need to develop function like hinges (“cardo”) to a door. ➜Without hinges, a door would fall of, in the good habits in order to master the skill of doing same way our moral life would collapse without good and overcoming sin. These good habits these virtues. are called virtues. ➜Prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance.  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 which we can reach God directly. HOW DOES ONE ACT JUSTLY(JUSTICE)? Faith One acts justly by always making sure to give ➔Faith is the power by which we assent to to God and to one’s neighbor what is due to God, acknowledge His truth, and commit them. ourselves personally to Him. Justice is concerned with equity and longs to ➔ Faith is the virtue that gives us the power see people get that to which they are entitled. to believe in God, in all that He has revealed, We must allow justice to govern our relations and with God also and give Him what is His: our in all that the Church proposes for our belief. love and worship. ➔ Our faith must also be accompanied with good work. “Faith without works is dead” WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO HAVE (James 2:26). FORTITUDE (FORTITUDE)? Someone who practices fortitude perseveres Hope in his commitment to the good, once he ➔Trusting in what God has promised us in recognized it, even if in extreme case he must creation, in the prophets, but especially in sacrifice even his own life for it. Jesus Christ, even though we do not see it yet. It is a higher form of courage. It strengthens ➔God’s Holy Spirit is given to us so that we the resolve to resist temptation and to can patiently hope for the Truth. overcome obstacles in moral life. ➔St. Paul tells us “Hope does not disappoint (Romans 4:18) WHY IS IT VIRTUOUS TO BE MODERATE Charity (love) (TEMPERANCE)? Moderation is a virtue because immoderate ➔ Charity is the power by which we, who have behavior proves to be a destructive force been loved first by God, can give ourselves to in all areas of life. God so as to be united with Him and can Someone who is immoderate abandons accept himself to the the rule of his impulses, our neighbor for God’s sake as unconditionally offends others by his inordinate desires, and and sincerely as we accept ourselves. harms himself ➔ Charity, love, is the greatest virtue. It is the energy that inspires all the other virtues Theological Virtues and fills them with divine life. ➜They relate directly to God who directly infuses these three virtues into the soul. ➔ We grow in virtues through Christ who ➜They make the believers capable of living as offers us the grace we need in order to God’s children and meritting eternal life. persevere in the pursuit of virtues. ➜They are faith, hope, and love. ➔ This grace comes to us through prayer, the Sacraments, and the help of the Holy WHAT ARE THE THREE SUPERNATURAL Spirit. VIRTUES? The supernatural virtues are faith, hope, and love. They are called supernatural because they have their foundation in God, are directly related to God, and for us men the way by  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 have strange gods before me" ➤This commandment is the “first” not just T2.3: The First Commandment because it heads the list but because it is the most important. ➤From it all the other commandments are WHAT ARE THE TEN COMMANDMENTS? derived and governed. ➤To know and love God, and gratefully accept 1. I am the Lord your God: you shall not His lordship, is the foundation of all Christian have strange gods before me. moral life. 2. You shall not take name of the Lord your God in vain. WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE 3. Remember to keep holy the Lord’s day. COMMANDMENT “I AM THE LORD, YOUR 4. Honor your father and your mother. GOD” (EX. 20:2)? 5. You shall not kill. 6. You shall not commit adultery. ➔Because the Almighty has revealed 7. You shall not steal. Himself to us as our God and Lord, we 8. You shall not bear false witness against must not place anything more important your neighbor. or give any other thing or person priority 9. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife. over Him. 10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s ➔To know God and to serve and worship goods. Him has absolute priority in our life. ➔God expects us to give Him our full faith; The Ten Commandments are not found in we should place all our hope in Him and precisely that form in Sacred Scripture. direct all the strength of our love to Him. Although the text is based on two biblical sources: Exodus 20:2-17 and The First Commandment expresses our duty Deuteronomy 5:6-21. of worship. Centuries ago the two sources were summarized for instructional purposes, and the Worship Ten Commandments were presented to the ➔The recognition of God’s Lordship expressed faithful in the present form of the catechetical in filial devotion and service tradition. WHY DO WE WORSHIP GOD? AREN’T THE TEN COMMANDMENTS Worship OUTMODED? ➔We worship God because He exists No, the Ten Commandments are by no and because reverence and worship means the product of a particular time. are the appropriate response to His They express man’s fundamental obligations revelation and His presence. toward God and neighbor, which are always ➔ “You shall worship the Lord your God and everywhere valid. and Him only shall you serve” (Matthew 4:10) THE FIRST COMMANDMENT ➔Worshipping God, however, is also “I am the Lord, your God. You shall not beneficial to men, for it frees them from  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 servitude to the powers of this world. ➔ When God is no longer worshipped and Simony when he is no longer thought to be Lord →To acquire a spiritual power through over life and death, others assume that corruption and to desecrate what is holy position and put human dignity at risk. through simony →selling or buying spiritual goods for one’s CAN PEOPLE BE FORCED TO BELIEVE own benefit. IN GOD? Example: Simon the magician, Selling of No. No one may force others to believe, not Indulgences. even one own’s children, just as no one may be forced to be an unbeliever. WHY DOES THE OLD TESTAMENT A person can make the decision to believe FORBID IMAGES OF GOD, AND WHY DO only in complete freedom. WE CHRISTIANS NO LONGER KEEP Christians, however, are called to help other THAT COMMANDMENT? people, by word and example, to find the way to faith. ➤In order to protect the mystery of God and to set the people of Israel apart from the “YOU SHALL NOT HAVE STRANGE gods idolatrous practices of the pagans, the BEFORE ME.” WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? First Commandment says, “You shall not To adore gods and pagan deities or to make for yourself a graven image” worship an earthly idol or to devote oneself to (Exodus 20:4). some earthly good ➤However, since God Himself acquired a money, influence,success, beauty, youth, human face in Jesus Christ, the prohibition and so on. against images was repealed in Christianity. ➤By Jesus’ Incarnation, God is no longer THE FIRST COMMANDMENT FORBIDS absolutely unimaginable; after Jesus we can US: picture what He is like. Superstitious →To adhere to magic, or occult or T2.4: The Second Commandment New Age practices or to get involved with fortune telling or spiritualism, instead of believing in God’s power, providence, and Second Commandment: “You shall not take blessings. the name of the Lord your God in vain” Provoke God ➔ We must know the meaning of “name” in →To provoke God in word or deed; by the Hebrew culture. For the Jews the name demanding signs, complaining (CFC 888). was the person. To give someone a name →Example: Second Temptation to Jesus means to say something about the person. Sacrilege ➔ Therefore, the second commandment →Violating sacred places, things, persons; calls us to reverence God Himself, the desecration of something sacred. Transcendent, the Holy One. When we  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 disrespect or insult God’s name, we insult or selected names for their children from the list disrespect the very person of God. of the saints. ➔They do so in the belief that the patron saint is an example for them and will intercede with God for them in a special way. WHY DOES GOD WANT US TO “HALLOW” HIS NAME? WHAT IS THE MEANING OF THE SIGN OF THE CROSS? ➔ To tell someone your name is a sign of trust. Through the Sign of the Cross we place ➔ Since God has told us His name, He ourselves under the protection of the Triune makes Himself recognizable and grants us God. access to Him through this name. ➔ One must not pronounce the name of God Calling upon the name of the Triune God irreverently for we know Him only because He sanctifies the things we set out to do; it obtains has entrusted Himself to us (YouCat 359) blessings for us and strengthens us in ➔ The Holy Name is the key to the heart of difficulties and temptations. the Almighty. Therefore, it is a terrible offense to blaspheme God, to curse using God’s name, WHAT THE SECOND COMMANDMENT or to make false promises in His name. ➔ The Second Commandment is therefore PROHIBITS? also a commandment that protects “holiness” in general. ➔The Second Commandment compels us to ➔Places, things, names, and people who reject all speech against God Himself such as have been “touched” by God are “holy”. blasphemy, cursing, and false oaths. ➔Sensitivity to what is holy is called reverence. ★ Blasphemy →The use of the name of God in an offensive way. The Second Commandment also enjoins us to ★ False Oaths →Calling on God to be a respect the name of others. This is because witness to a lie. when we were baptized, we receive Christian ★ Perjury →When one makes a promise names, which means that our names become under oath without the intention of keeping it. It sacred. is against God who is always faithful to His promises. WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR A CHRISTIAN Example: TO BE BAPTIZED WITH A PARTICULAR NAME? ➔“In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit”, the person is baptized with a name. ➔Christians treat the name of a person ➔Forbids us from using God’s name to bring reverently because the name is profoundly down misfortune on others and every connected with that person’s identity and improper and offensive use of the name of dignity. God, Jesus, Mary, and the saints. ➔From time immemorial Christians have  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 Example: ➔The Liturgical Year ends with the Last Saturday of Ordinary Time (Saturday after Christ the King). ➔The Liturgical Year begins on the T2.5/Supplementary Lesson: The First Sunday of Advent. Liturgical Calendar WHAT IS THE LITURGICAL YEAR? ★Advent Season The Liturgical Year, or the Church year, ➔Begins on the eve of 4th Sunday, before superimposes the mysteries of the life of Christmas until Christmas Eve. Christ—from His Incarnation to His Second ➔Time for preparation and time of waiting Coming in glory—on the normal course of the ➔During Advent, the church celebrates God's year. (YouCat 186) coming among us: It is a time for preparation and time of LITURGICAL SEASONS waiting, we prepared our hearts to receive Jesus. ➔Our journey to God and transformation our We get ready to remember Jesus' birth on lives Christmas Day We remember Jesus' promise to come Liturgical Year again. ➔The cycle of season and great feasts that make up the church’s year of worship. ➔THE Liturgical Colors Provides us with an opportunity to embrace highly symbolic and reflect the mood of that sacred time. particular system. ➔The main seasons of the Church year are: ★Advent ★Christmas ★Lent ★Easter Triduum ★Ordinary Time ➔All of the liturgical seasons are about: a.) Our journey to God b.) Transformation of our lives ★Christmas Season ➔Jesus comes and lives among us.  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 Christmas Season ➔After the celebration of the Feast of the begins on Christmas Eve, Baptism of the Lord, Ordinary Time begins. and continues until the feast of Baptism of the Ordinary does not mean plain. The name Lord, comes from "ordinal" meaning "showing We remember and celebrate that the Son of order, denoting an order of succession." It is God Jesus the Savior came and lives among us used in this sense to refer to the order of the counted weeks. That is to say, it is a season of Christmas Eve counted weeks. Through the feast of the baptism of the Lord. ➔Ordinary Time after Baptism focuses on the early life and childhood of Christ, and then on CHRISTMAS SEASON runs His public ministry. a) From Christmas Eve Evening, ➔The liturgical color of Ordinary Time is b) through the day before the feast of the green Baptism of the Lord, c) which after the EPIPHANY. ★Lent Season The Baptism of the Lord: This feast day moves, ➔The season of Lent begins with Ash but it's never before the Epiphany. Wednesday and lasts until the final Saturday before Easter, Holy Saturday. ➔Lent is a penitential season. It recalls the 40 days Jesus spent in the desert, and the 40 years the Israelites wandered in the desert. ➔Lent focuses on the events leading up to Christ's passion, and finally on the Passion itself. ➔Lent is 40 days long. This does not include Sundays, as Sunday is always a day for rejoicing in the Resurrection. Altogether, it covers 46 calendar days, the 40 days plus the THE SEASONS IN THE LITURGICAL six Sundays. CALENDAR ➔The liturgical colors of Lent are violet or purple ★Easter Season ➔The Easter season begins with the Easter Vigil, which is celebrated after night falls on the evening before Easter Sunday. The season of Easter is a joyous, celebratory season. ➔It begins with celebrating Christ's resurrection and ends by celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the ★Ordinary Time (short) Apostles and other followers of Jesus. ➔After the Baptism: Monday after the Feast Christ's ascension into Heaven is celebrated of the Baptism through Shrove Tuesday just prior to Pentecost.  CLE NOTES 2nd Quarter 8-St. Benedict AY 24-25 ➔The Easter season last 50 days, from Easter Sunday through Pentecost. ➔The liturgical colors of Easter are white, for most days, and red for Pentecost. ★Ordinary Time (long) ➔The second period of Ordinary Time is the longest liturgical season. Ordinary Time resumes after Pentecost and runs until the final Saturday before Advent. ➔This period of Ordinary Time focuses on Christ's reign as King of kings, and on the age of the Church. This is the age we live in now, which is the time between the age of the Apostles and the age of Christ's second and final coming for which we are ever preparing. ➔The final Sunday in Ordinary Time is the Feast of Christ the King; the Saturday after this feast is the final day of Ordinary time. ➔The liturgical color of Ordinary Time is green