Good Hope School 2024-2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) PDF

# GOOD HOPE SCHOOL 2024-2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) Topic 3b - Overview of Civilization ## Identify the four major civilizations highlighted in the map: | Civilization | Time (approx.) | River(s) | Founded by | Modern countries | |---|---|---|---|---| | (Fertile Crescent) Mesopotamia | c...

# GOOD HOPE SCHOOL 2024-2025 Secondary One History (Term 1) Topic 3b - Overview of Civilization ## Identify the four major civilizations highlighted in the map: | Civilization | Time (approx.) | River(s) | Founded by | Modern countries | |---|---|---|---|---| | (Fertile Crescent) Mesopotamia | c. 4,000 | Euphrates, Tigris | Sumerians | Iraq, Syria | | Nile Valley | c. 3500-305B | The Nile | Ancient Egyptians | Egypt | | Indus Valley | c. 2600-300BC | Indus | Dravidians | India, Pakistan | | Yellow River | c. 1600BC-present | Yellow River | Shang people | China | ## Common feature of the geographic location of the four main early civilization centres - river ## Reason(s): - for trade & transport - to support family, - to catch fish, - for water ## Overview of the 4 major civilizations (Cradles of Civilization) ### 1. Fertile Crescent (c. 4000 BC - 539 BC) - Identify the Fertile Crescent by coloring the region in green - Label the geographical regions/features in the map | Location | | |---|---| | A | Mesopotamia | | B | Mediterranean Sea (the sea) | | C | Egypt | | River 1 | The Tigris | | River 2 | The Euphrates | ### 2. Nile Valley (c. 3200 BC - 30 BC) - Identify the Nile Valley by coloring the region in green - Identify the name of the river labeled as "River 3" - River 3: Nile - writing systems - developed - known as hieroglyphics - Oldest Egyptian language - then change - Demotic ### 3. Indus Valley (c.3300 BC – c. 1500 BC) - Major settlements: Harappa, Mohenjo-daro - Major rivers: Indus, Gandes - Duration: c. 3300 BC-1300 BC - People: - Writing system: - Subsequent development: In decline and abandoned by 1300 BC. Reasons unknown. The Indus Valley was gradually resettled by the Indo-Aryans (Vedic culture). ### 4. Yellow River (c.1600 BC) | Topic | Details | |---|---| | Start | | | Settlements | Bo and Yin (Capital of the Shang Dynasty) | | Writing system | Oracle Inscription | | People | Huaxia People (ancestor of modern Chinese people) | | Subsequent development | Absorbed/merged with the Yangtse (Changjiang) Civilization, forming the Chinese Civilization | ## Images 1. **A map of the four main civilizations (Fertile Crescent, Nile Valley, Indus Valley, Yellow River)**. 2. **A modern artist's drawing of a Ziggurat, an ancient temple in Ancient Mesopotamia**. The ziggurat has a series of steps leading up to a platform at the top. 3. **A clay cuneiform tablet, the earliest written language developed by the Sumerians in c. 4000 BC**. The tablet has a series of wedge-shaped marks on it. 4. **A reconstructed Ishtar gate of the Ancient city of Babylon Germany**. The gate is decorated with a series of colorful glazed bricks. 5. **The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World**. The garden is shown as a series of terraces with plants growing on them. 6. **A lamassu, a figure from Assyrian mythological and a common symbol of Ancient Mesopotamia**. The lamassu is a winged bull with a human head. 7. **Bronze head of Sargon of Akkad, a Mesopotamian ruler who established the first Empire in history (Akkadian Empire)**. The head is shown in profile and has a beard. 8. **A Sumerian Chariot**. The chariot is shown being pulled by a pair of horses. 9. **Artist's impression of the great Assyrian city of Nineveh and its palace, Nineveh was one of the greatest cities of the Ancient world**. The city is shown as a series of buildings surrounded by walls. 10. **The ancient ruins of Mohenjo-Daro, one of the major centers of the Indus Valley Civilization.** The ruins are shown as a series of brick structures. 11. **Ancient Harappan ceremonial vessel, c. 26th century BC**. The vessel is a tall, slender pot with a narrow neck. 12. **Modern depiction of an Ancient Harappan settlement**. The settlement is shown as a series of rectangular buildings with flat roofs. 13. **A seal with a unicorn c. 21st century BC.** The seal is shown as a circular object with a unicorn engraved on it. 14. **The Priest-King sculpture, one of the most famous symbols of the Harappan Civilization.** The sculpture is shown as a male figure standing with his arms crossed. 15. **The Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the most famous symbols of Ancient Egypt.** The pyramid is shown as a large, triangular structure. 16. **The excavation of the Sphinx in 1878.** The Sphinx is shown as a large, lion-like creature with a human head. 17. **Typical depiction of an Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh.** The Pharaoh is shown wearing a tall, conical headdress. 18. **Ancient Egyptian funeral.** The funeral is shown as a procession of people carrying a coffin. 19. **Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphs.** The hieroglyphs are shown as a series of picture-like symbols. 20. **Wall painting depicting Ancient Egyptian gods.** The painting is shown as a series of figures with animal heads. 21. **Golden mask of Tutankhamun (14th century BC).** The mask is shown as a gold mask with a human face on it. 22. **Bronze vessel, late Shang Dynasty (14th-11th century BC).** The vessel is shown as a round, bronze container. 23. **Example of an Ancient Chinese Oracle Inscription (c.1200 BC).** The inscription is shown as a series of marks on a piece of bone. 24. **Late Shang bronze vessel known as a Ding.** The vessel is shown as a tall, rectangular container with ornate decorations. 25. **Wine container (Hu)** (Late 9th-early 8th century BC). The container is shown as a round, ceramic vessel with a wide neck.