Hong Kong History Before the 10th Century
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following activities were NOT associated with the Hakka community?

  • Brick making
  • Agriculture
  • Pearl diving (correct)
  • Salt-making

Ancestral worship includes praying for the blessings of ancestors.

True (A)

Name one traditional festival celebrated by the community.

Tin Hau Festival

The largest landowners in the New Territories are the __________.

<p>Five Great Clans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following clans with their notable ancestor:

<p>The Tangs = Tang Fu Hip The Mans = Man Mang Sheung The Lius = Liu Chong Kit The Haus = Hau Ng Long The Pangs = Pang Kwai</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant honor for clansmen in the community?

<p>Passing the civil service examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only girls were allowed to receive education in the community.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were constructed to honor ancestors in the community?

<p>Ancestral Halls</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group moved to Hong Kong in the 10th century and is known as the earliest settlers?

<p>The Puntis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Boat People primarily settled in walled villages to protect themselves from pirates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which century did the Hakka people migrate to Hong Kong?

<p>17th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

The boat people are also known as the _____ people.

<p>Tanka</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dialect groups with their respective regions of settlement:

<p>The Puntis = Northern New Territories The Hakka = Remote mountainous areas The Boat People = Coastal areas The Fuklo = Eastern waters of Hong Kong</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of building walled villages by the Cantonese and Hakka?

<p>To protect from pirates and bandits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Fuklo people originally came from the Guangdong region.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one known walled village in Hong Kong associated with the Cantonese and Hakka.

<p>Kat Hing Wai</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities was primarily practiced by the Boat People?

<p>Oyster farming (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The family groups in the Five Great Clans have no common ancestry.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one major traditional festival celebrated by the community.

<p>Tin Hau Festival</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the largest landowner group in the New Territories.

<p>Puntis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the clan with its notable ancestor:

<p>The Tangs = Tang Fu Hip The Mans = Man Mang Sheung The Lius = Liu Chong Kit The Pangs = Pang Kwai</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the ancestral halls serve as in the community?

<p>Schools for education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is referred to as the 'Wai Tau People'?

<p>The Puntis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Fuklo people settled in Hong Kong largely during the 17th century.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ancestral worship in the community is not an essential cultural practice.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industry was significant for the Hakka community besides agriculture?

<p>Salt-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

What dialect did the Hakka people primarily speak?

<p>Hakka</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _______ people largely lived on boats and were often discriminated against in society.

<p>Boat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Puntis originally migrate from?

<p>Guangdong (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the dialect groups with their periods of settlement:

<p>Puntis = 10th century Hakka = 17th century Fuklo = 11th century Boat People = Unknown, ongoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Hakka group mostly inhabited coastal areas in Hong Kong.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one reason why the Cantonese and Hakka communities built walled villages.

<p>To protect themselves from pirates and bandits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which river is associated with the Indus Valley civilization?

<p>Indus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Fertile Crescent is also known for its oracle inscriptions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the writing system used by ancient Egyptians called?

<p>hieroglyphics</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ Valley civilization is located in modern-day India and Pakistan.

<p>Indus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is noted for the development of ziggurats?

<p>Fertile Crescent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each civilization with its corresponding river:

<p>Fertile Crescent = Euphrates and Tigris Nile Valley = Nile Indus Valley = Indus Yellow River = Yellow River</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reasons is NOT associated with the geographical locations of early civilizations?

<p>For aesthetic beauty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Yellow River civilization is the earliest known civilization that still exists today.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognizable feature of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon?

<p>A series of terraces with plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lamassu is a figure characterized as a winged bull with a human head.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant historical role did Sargon of Akkad play in Mesopotamian history?

<p>He established the first empire in history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Great Pyramid of Giza is a symbol of __________ society.

<p>Ancient Egyptian</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ancient civilizations with their notable artifacts:

<p>Babylon = Ishtar Gate Assyria = Lamassu Harappan = Priest-King sculpture Akkadian = Bronze head of Sargon of Akkad</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the architectural style of ancient Mohenjo-Daro?

<p>A series of brick structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hanging gardens of Babylon are widely believed to have existed in Mesopotamia.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is depicted on the golden mask of Tutankhamun?

<p>A human face</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cantonese Lifestyle

The Cantonese people traditionally focused on farming and setting up markets to sell agricultural products, practicing self-sufficiency.

Hakka Lifestyle

Hakka people traditionally practiced farming, but also engaged in industries like salt making, brick making, and quarrying.

Boat People/Fuklo Lifestyle

The Boat People/Fuklo people's livelihood mainly included oyster farming, pearl diving, and the salt industry.

Ancestral Worship

Respecting and praying for the blessings of ancestors, often through ceremonies and ancestral halls.

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Five Great Clans

The five prominent clans in the New Territories, known for their economic and social influence.

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Clan Ancestry

A large group of families sharing a common ancestor and surname.

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Imperial Examinations

Exams to become officials in the Imperial Chinese government.

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Civil Service Examination

The examination route for becoming an official in the Imperial Chinese government.

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Early Hong Kong inhabitants

The primary groups residing in Hong Kong before the 10th century were the Yue and Yao people.

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Puntis (本地人)

The earliest settlers in Hong Kong, originating from Canton (Guangdong) around the 10th century. They lived in walled villages and spoke the Wai Tau dialect.

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Hakka (客家人)

Migrants to Hong Kong from Guangdong and Fujian, primarily during the 17th century. They settled in mountainous areas and built walled villages for defense.

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Boat People (Tanka)

A group often living on boats, mainly along coastal areas. Traditionally known as the Tanka, whose dialect included Cantonese and Hokkien. This group may not be considered historically valuable, due to possible discrimination or oppression.

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Fuklo/Hoklo (福佬/鶴佬人)

Originating from Fujian and Guangdong, settling in Hong Kong around 11th century; primarily focused on coastal regions; spoke Hokkien (Minnan), often living on boats, especially in the Eastern waters.

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Walled villages (圍村)

Defensive structures built by the Puntis and Hakka to protect themselves from bandits and pirates

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Stilt houses (棚屋)

Houses built on stilts, primarily by the Boat People and Fuklo, utilizing locally available materials like wood, grass, and iron; commonly seen in coastal areas, such as Tai O.

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Puntis' Arrival

Puntis, the earliest settlers in Hong Kong, migrated from Canton (Guangdong) during the 10th century. They settled mainly in the fertile plains of the New Territories, establishing villages for farming.

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Hakka Migration

Hakka people, meaning "guest people", moved to Hong Kong from Guangdong and Fujian during the 17th century. They settled in mountainous regions and built fortified villages to protect themselves.

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Boat People

The Boat People, also known as Tanka, were traditionally fishermen who lived on boats. They spoke Cantonese and Hokkien and settled along the coasts of Hong Kong and the New Territories.

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Fuklo's Settlement

Fuklo people, originating from Fujian and Guangdong, settled in Hong Kong around the 11th century. They spoke Hokkien and mostly lived on boats, primarily in the eastern waters.

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Walled Villages

Puntis and Hakka built walls and dug moats around their villages to protect themselves from pirates and bandits. These walled villages provided safety and community.

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Stilt Houses

The Boat People and Fuklo commonly built their houses on stilts, using wood, grass, and iron. This was a practical way to adapt to their life on the water and in coastal areas.

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Four Major Dialect Groups

The four main cultural groups in early Hong Kong were the Puntis, Hakka, Boat People (Tanka), and Fuklo. Each group had its unique dialect, origins, and way of life.

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What did the Cantonese people rely on for their livelihood?

Cantonese people traditionally relied on farming and setting up markets to sell their agricultural products, which made them self-sufficient. They were involved in agriculture.

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What distinguished the Hakka people's lifestyle?

The Hakka people engaged in farming, but also salt making, brick making, and quarrying. They also traded with the Cantonese.

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What key industries were the Boat People and Fuklo known for?

The Boat People and Fuklo were primarily known for their involvement in industries like oyster farming, pearl diving, and salt making.

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What religious beliefs did the inhabitants of the New Territories hold?

The inhabitants practiced ancestral worship, showing respect to their ancestors and praying for their blessings. They constructed Ancestral Halls to honour their ancestors.

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What were the main deities worshipped by the inhabitants?

Popular deities included Chou Wong Yi Kung, Kwan Tai, Pao Kung, and sea deities like Tin Hau and Hung Shing.

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How did the inhabitants acquire education?

Ancestral halls and study halls served as schools. Boys could receive education. Passing the civil service examination and becoming officials brought honor and power to their clans.

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What is a clan and how did they contribute to society?

A clan consists of a large group of families sharing a common ancestor and surname. They had great economic power as large landowners and established market towns, influencing both social and political aspects.

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How did the Tang family contribute to the New Territories?

The Tang family, led by Tang Fu Hip, a Jinshi in the Northern Sung dynasty, settled in Kam Ting and established market towns like Yuen Long and Taipo.

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Ishtar Gate

A famous gate in ancient Babylon, known for its intricate decoration with colorful glazed bricks.

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Hanging Gardens of Babylon

One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, famed for being a series of tiered gardens with lush vegetation.

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Lamassu

A winged bull with a human head, representing protection in Assyrian mythology and art.

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Sargon of Akkad

A Mesopotamian ruler who established the first empire in history, the Akkadian Empire.

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Sumerian Chariot

A two-wheeled vehicle pulled by horses, used in warfare and transportation by the Sumerians.

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Mohenjo-Daro

A major city of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its well-planned urban layout and impressive ruins.

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Harappan Civilization

An ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley, known for its advanced urban planning and unique artifacts.

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Priest-King Sculpture

A well-known sculpture from the Harappan Civilization, depicting a male figure with crossed arms.

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Fertile Crescent

A region in the Middle East known for its fertile land, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It was home to one of the earliest civilizations, Mesopotamia, and is known for its rich history and cultural heritage.

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Nile Valley

A fertile area along the Nile River in Egypt that supported a powerful civilization known for its pyramids, hieroglyphics, and advanced agriculture.

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Indus Valley

A civilization that emerged in the Indus River Valley of modern-day Pakistan and India. It was known for its well-planned cities, advanced sanitation systems, and mysterious writing system.

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Yellow River

A civilization that originated in the Yellow River Valley in China. This civilization is known for its Oracle Bones, written language, and the development of important aspects of Chinese culture such as agriculture and pottery.

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Hieroglyphics

A system of writing used in ancient Egypt, consisting of pictograms and symbols that represent words, syllables, and sounds.

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Oracle Bones

Animal bones or tortoise shells used by the ancient Chinese in divination. Marks were etched on the bones and interpreted to predict the future.

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Study Notes

Hong Kong History Before the 10th Century

  • Hong Kong became part of the Qin Dynasty in 214 BC
  • The Yue and Yao people were the main population until the 10th century
  • Han people migrated to Hong Kong from the mainland in the 10th century

Four Major Dialect Groups

  • Puntis (本地):

    • Earliest group to settle in Hong Kong
    • Moved from Canton (Guangdong) to Hong Kong around the 10th century
    • Lived in walled villages (colloquially known as "Wai Tau People")
    • Spoke a dialect of Cantonese known as Wai Tau
    • Settled in the fertile plains of northern New Territories (e.g., Fanling, Yuen Long, Tai Po, Kam Tin)

  • Hakka (客家人):

    • Meaning "guest"
    • Moved from Guangdong and Fujian (Hokkien) to Hong Kong during the 17th century
    • Spoke Hakka
    • Settled in remote, mountainous areas (e.g., Sai Kung, Sha Tau Kok, Tai Po, Tsuen Wan)
    • Built walled villages for defense from bandits and pirates

  • Boat People (Tanka/水上人/蜑家人):

    • Also known as Tanka (can have negative connotations)
    • Spoke Cantonese and Hokkien (Minnan dialect)
    • Often discriminated against, largely lived on boats
    • Settled along the coastal areas of New Territories and Hong Kong Island

Lives of the Four Major Groups

  • Housing:
    • Cantonese/Hakka: Built walled villages, moats for protection
    • Boat People/Fuklo: Mostly lived on boats, some stilt houses made of wood, grass, and iron (e.g., Tai O)
  • Lifestyle:
    • Cantonese: Set up markets, farmed, largely self-sufficient
    • Hakka: Focused on agriculture, salt making, brick making, quarrying, trading with Cantonese
    • Boat People/Fuklo: Involved in oyster farming, pearl diving, and salt industry (e.g., Kowloon Bay, Kowloon City, Tai Po, Sai Kung, Tai O)

Beliefs and Customs

  • Ancestral worship and respect for ancestors
  • Ancestral halls built in honor of ancestors
  • Popular religions (e.g., Chou Wong Yi Kung, Kwan Tai, Pao Kung)
  • Sea deities (e.g., Tin Hau, Hung Shing)
  • Traditional festivals (e.g., Tin Hau and Hung Shing Festivals)

Education

  • Ancestral halls and study halls served as schools
  • Passing the civil service exam was a great honor and opportunity
  • Confucianism and calligraphy were studied
  • Primarily boys received education

Five Great Clans of the New Territories

  • Various clans settled during the Sung and Ming dynasties
  • Significant economic and political influence (e.g., large landowners, market towns)
  • Some clans played a part in the Imperial Examinations

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Description

Explore the rich history of Hong Kong prior to the 10th century, including its incorporation into the Qin Dynasty and the significant migrations of various populations. The quiz also delves into the four major dialect groups that emerged in the region, highlighting their distinctive characteristics and settlements.

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